Endocrinology and Metabolism

Original Articles

Endocrinological and Morphological Characteristics of Clinically Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma.: Jae Wha Jo, Moon Suk Nam, Hyun Chul Lee, Tae Seung Kim, Kyu Chang Lee, Hyun Joo Jung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1994;9(3):200-212. Published online November 6, 2019

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Abstract PDF: Forth-nine patients with clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas were evaluated clinically, endocrinologically and morphologically in this study.The results obtained were as follows.1) The mean age was 47.1 years(range 23 to 76 years), and 22 were male(44.9%) and 27(55.1%) female.2) The major clinical manifestations of male patients were visual disturbance(72.7%), headache(54.5%), loss of libido(45.5%), but those of female visual disturbance(59.6%), headache(48.1%), amenorrhea(48.1%), loss of body hair(25.9%), and galactorrhea(22.2%).3) All were macroadenomas evaluated by CT scan, and in the male patients 16(72.7%) were grade III and 6(27.3%) grade IV by Hardy classification, and in the female patients 6(22.2%) were grade II, 12(44.4%) grade III, and 9(33.3%) grade IV.4) The elevation of serum prolactin were observed 7(31.8%) out of male, and 24(88.9%) of female.5) Combined stimulation test revealed that GH insufficiency was 89.6%, ACTH 58.9%, LH 58.7%, FSH 51.1 %, and TSH 50.0% and hormone insufficiency more than 4 pituitary hormone was 54.2%.6) Prolactin response to TRH decreased in 12(70.6%) of 17 patients with normal basal prolactin, and 19(76.0%) of 25 with elevated prolactin.7) Immunohistochemistry revealed that null cell adenoma was 57.1%, gonadotrope adenoma 26.5%, plurihormonal adenoma 8.0%, silent corticotrope adenoma 4.0%, thyrotrope adenoma(2.0%), and lactotrope adenoma(2.0%).8) The ultrastructural characteristics examined by electron-microscopy were similar despite of immunohistochemical differences.In summary, the prevalance of clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma was middle aged men and women, and their main symptoms were visual disturbance and headache. Hyperprolactinemia and pituitary hormone insufficiency more than 4 hormone were observed commonly. Most of them were null cell adenoma and gonadotrope adenoma examined by immunohistochemistry. Further study using modern techniques: cell culture, subunit-immunostaining. And Northern blot analysis of mRNA for pituitary hormone or subunit, will be needed to clarify null cell adenomas.

Thyroid
Comparison of Immunohistochemistry and Direct Sanger Sequencing for Detection of the BRAF^V600E Mutation in Thyroid Neoplasm: Hye-Seon Oh, Hyemi Kwon, Suyeon Park, Mijin Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Bae Kim, Jene Choi, Won Gu Kim, Dong Eun Song; Endocrinol Metab. 2018;33(1):62-69. Published online January 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2018.33.1.62

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Background

The BRAF^V600E mutation is the most common genetic alteration identified in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Because of its costs effectiveness and sensitivity, direct Sanger sequencing has several limitations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of immunohistochemistry (IHC) as an alternative method to detect the BRAF^V600E mutation in preoperative and postoperative tissue samples.

Methods

We evaluated 71 patients who underwent thyroid surgery with the result of direct sequencing of the BRAF^V600E mutation. IHC staining of the BRAF^V600E mutation was performed in 49 preoperative and 23 postoperative thyroid specimens.

Results

Sixty-two patients (87.3%) had PTC, and of these, BRAF^V600E was confirmed by direct sequencing in 57 patients (91.9%). In 23 postoperative tissue samples, the BRAF^V600E mutation was detected in 16 samples (70%) by direct sequencing and 18 samples (78%) by IHC. In 24 fine needle aspiration (FNA) samples, BRAF^V600E was detected in 18 samples (75%) by direct sequencing and 16 samples (67%) by IHC. In 25 core needle biopsy (CNB) samples, the BRAF^V600E mutation was detected in 15 samples (60%) by direct sequencing and 16 samples (64%) by IHC. The sensitivity and specificity of IHC for detecting the BRAF^V600E mutation were 77.8% and 66.7% in FNA samples and 99.3% and 80.0% in CNB samples.

Conclusion

IHC could be an alternative method to direct Sanger sequencing for BRAF^V600E mutation detection both in postoperative and preoperative samples. However, application of IHC to detect the BRAF^V600E mutation in FNA samples is of limited value compared with direct sequencing.

Citations

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The Accurate Interpretation and Clinical Significance of Morphological Features of Fine Needle Aspiration Cells in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Xue-Jiao Xiong, Ming-Ming Xiao, Yi-Xia Zhang, Dong-Ge Liu, Mu-Lan Jin, Jian Wang, Hong-Tao Xu, Qing-Chang Li, Guang-Ping Wu, Giovanni Tuccari
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Tanupriya Agrawal, Liqiang Xi, Winnifred Navarro, Mark Raffeld, Snehal B. Patel, Mark J. Roth, Joanna Klubo‐Gwiezdzinska, Armando C. Filie
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Weicheng Shi, Yao Gong, Decai Zhang, Tiantian Yang, Ming Yi, Jingyi Tan, Shijia Ding, Wei Cheng
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Faiza A. Rashid, Sobia Tabassum, Mosin S. Khan, Hifzur R. Ansari, Muhammad Asif, Ahmareen K. Sheikh, Syed Sameer Aga
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L. Yu. Zurnadzhy, T.I. Rogounovitch, V.O. Saenko, M.Yu. Bolgov, S.V. Masiuk, S.V. Burko, T.L. Degtyaryova, S.V. Chernyshov, S.V. Gulevatyi, N. Mitsutake, M.D. Tronko, T.I. Bogdanova
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VE1 Immunohistochemistry Improves the Limit of Genotyping for Detecting BRAFV600E Mutation in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Sonam Choden, Somboon Keelawat, Chan Kwon Jung, Andrey Bychkov
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Zhuo Wang, Changwen Jing, Haixia Cao, SiWen Liu, Jianzhong Wu, Rong Ma
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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Diagnostic Performance of BRAF V600E Immunohistochemistry in Thyroid Histopathology
Ranjit Singarayer, Ozgur Mete, Laure Perrier, Lehana Thabane, Sylvia L. Asa, Stan Van Uum, Shereen Ezzat, David P. Goldstein, Anna M. Sawka
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Comparison of droplet digital PCR and direct Sanger sequencing for the detection of the BRAFV600E mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Zhuo Wang, Kejing Sun, Changwen Jing, Haixia Cao, Rong Ma, Jianzhong Wu
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p53, p21 and bcl-2 Protein Expressions and the Clinical Significance in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.: Tae Sik Jung, Keun Sook Kim, Young Lyun Oh, Jung Hwa Jung, Eun Young Lee, Hye Seung Jung, Yong Ki Min, Myung Shik Lee, Moon Kyu Lee, Kwang Won Kim, Jae Hoon Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(2):98-104. Published online April 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.2.98

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
There have been some investigations concerning the role of p53, p21 and bcl-2 protein expressions for the tumorigenesis of thyroid cancer. It had been debated that these protein expressions were associated with aggressive features of papillary thyroid carcinoma. We studied to evaluate the prevalence of these protein expressions and their clinical significances in papillary thyroid carcinoma. METHODS: We selected 49 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma who had been operated on at Samsung Medical Center during the last 10 years. Immunohistochemical staining for p53, p21 and bcl-2 was done by the use of paraffin embedded tissues. We analyzed the results of immunohistochemical staining for p53, p21 and bcl-2 and the correlation with the patients' age, gender, tumor size, multifocality, tumor invasion to both lobes, extrathyroidal invasion, cervical lymph node invasion, distant metastasis and the clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for p53 was positive in 10 patients (20%), p21 was positive in 36 patients (73%) and bcl-2 was positive in 18 patients (37%). The p53 and bcl-2 expressions were not associated with the clinical parameters. Tumor multifocality and extrathyroidal invasion were significantly higher in the p21 positive group (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study showed that the p21 protein expression was associated with tumor multifocality and extrathyroidal invasion in the patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Immunohistochemical stains for p21 may be used as a parameter for tumor aggressiveness in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Clinicopathologic and Diagnostic Significance of p53 Protein Expression in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Mi Kyung Shin, Jeong Won Kim
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2014; 15(5): 2341. CrossRef

Relationship between The Expressions of Sodium/Iodide Symporter and The Findings of Thallium-201 Scan in Thyroid Nodules.: Joon Hyop An, Min Ah Na, Sang Soo Kim, Ok Nyu Kong, Ju Won Seok, Chang Hun Lee, Chang Won Lee, In Joo Kim, Yong Ki Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2004;19(2):165-174. Published online April 1, 2004

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) has an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of well differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The relationship between the uptake of thallium- 201 scan (201Tl scan) and the expression of sodium/iodide symporter (hNIS) was studied in thyroid nodules. METHODS: Patients that had undergone operations for thyroid nodules, and who received a 201Tl scan before their operations, were investigated. Anti-NIS antibodies were used to analyze the presence and distribution of the hNIS protein by immunohistochemical staining of their thyroid tissues. RESULTS: Forty-four patients (papillary carcinoma; 18, follicular adenoma; 11, adenomatous goiter; 14, nonspecific thyroiditis; 1) 30 with no immunoreactivity and 14 with a positive reaction to the anti-NIS antibody, were included. The NIS negative patients (12/30) had no 201Tl uptake, but all others were positive on 201Tl scan, and the NIS-positive patients (13/14) had positive 201Tl uptake, with 1 negative on 201Tl scan, with significant difference (p=0.035). Of the 18 patients with a papillary thyroid carcinoma, the NIS negative patients (2/10) had no 201Tl uptake and the others were positive on 201Tl scan, but without significant difference. NIS positive patients (1/8) with a papillary thyroid carcinoma had no 201Tl uptake, and the others were positive on 201Tl scan, but without significant difference. Whether the results of NIS staining and 201Tl scan were positive or not did not affect the responses of radioactive iodine therapy in our study. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that thallium-201 uptake may be correlated with hNIS expression in thyroid nodules

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