Endocrinology and Metabolism

Original Articles

Clinical Study
Consistency of the Glycation Gap with the Hemoglobin Glycation Index Derived from a Continuous Glucose Monitoring System: Han Na Joung, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Ki-Hyun Baek, Ki-Ho Song, Mee Kyoung Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(2):377-383. Published online June 24, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.35.2.377

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Background
Discordances between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and glycemic control are common in clinical practice. We aimed to investigate the consistency of the glycation gap with the hemoglobin glycation index (HGI).
Methods
From 2016 to 2019, 36 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled. HbA1c, glycated albumin (GA), and fasting blood glucose levels were simultaneously measured and 72-hour continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was performed on the same day. Repeated tests were performed at baseline and 1 month later, without changing patients’ diabetes management. The HGI was calculated as the difference between the measured HbA1c and the predicted HbA1c that was derived from CGM. The glycation gap was calculated as the difference between the measured and GA-based predicted HbA1c levels.
Results
Strong correlations were found between the mean blood glucose (MBG)-based HGI and the prebreakfast glucose-based HGI (r=0.867, P<0.001) and between the glycation gap and the MBG-based HGI (r=0.810, P<0.001). A close correlation was found between the MBG-based HGI at baseline and that after 1 month (r=0.729, P<0.001), with a y-intercept of 0 and a positive slope.
Conclusion
The HGI and glycation gap were highly reproducible, and the magnitudes of repeated determinations were closely correlated. Patients with similar mean glucose levels may have significantly different HbA1c levels.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Factors associated with hemoglobin glycation index in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: The FGM‐Japan study
Naoki Sakane, Yushi Hirota, Akane Yamamoto, Junnosuke Miura, Hiroko Takaike, Sari Hoshina, Masao Toyoda, Nobumichi Saito, Kiminori Hosoda, Masaki Matsubara, Atsuhito Tone, Satoshi Kawashima, Hideaki Sawaki, Tomokazu Matsuda, Masayuki Domichi, Akiko Suganu
Journal of Diabetes Investigation.2023; 14(4): 582. CrossRef
The Fast-Glycator Phenotype, Skin Advanced Glycation End Products, and Complication Burden Among People With Type 1 Diabetes
Alberto Maran, Mario Luca Morieri, Daniele Falaguasta, Angelo Avogaro, Gian Paolo Fadini
Diabetes Care.2022; 45(10): 2439. CrossRef
Hemoglobin glycation index, calculated from a single fasting glucose value, as a prediction tool for severe hypoglycemia and major adverse cardiovascular events in DEVOTE
Klara R Klein, Edward Franek, Steven Marso, Thomas R Pieber, Richard E Pratley, Amoolya Gowda, Kajsa Kvist, John B Buse
BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care.2021; 9(2): e002339. CrossRef

Obesity and Metabolism
Association between Serum Albumin, Insulin Resistance, and Incident Diabetes in Nondiabetic Subjects: Ji Cheol Bae, Sung Hwan Seo, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jae Hyeon Kim, Myung-Shik Lee, Moon Kyu Lee, Won Young Lee, Eun Jung Rhee, Ki Won Oh; Endocrinol Metab. 2013;28(1):26-32. Published online March 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2013.28.1.26

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Background

Serum albumin has been suggested to be associated with insulin resistance. We evaluated the association between serum albumin concentration and insulin resistance. We also investigated whether serum albumin level has an independent effect on the development of diabetes.

Methods

In our study, 9,029 subjects without diabetes, who underwent comprehensive health check-ups annually for 5 years, were categorized into tertiles based on their serum albumin levels at baseline. The odds ratio (OR) for the prevalence of insulin resistance, defined as the top quartile of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and the presence of impaired fasting glucose and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, was evaluated cross-sectionally. Also, the hazard ratio (HR) for incident diabetes was estimated longitudinally, according to the baseline albumin tertiles using Cox proportional hazard analysis respectively.

Results

From the lowest to the highest tertile of albumin, the multivariable-adjusted ORs of insulin resistance increased significantly in both men and women. During the mean follow-up period of nearly 4 years, 556 (6.1%) subjects progressed to diabetes. The multivariable-adjusted HR (95% confidence interval [CI]) of diabetes in men were 1, 1.09 (95% CI, 0.86 to 1.40), and 1.10 (95% CI, 0.86 to 1.41), respectively, from the lowest to the highest tertiles of baseline albumin. Corresponding values for women were 1, 1.21 (95% CI, 0.66 to 2.21), and 1.06 (95% CI, 0.56 to 2.02), respectively.

Conclusion

Our study showed that increased serum albumin level was associated with insulin resistance. However, serum albumin did not have an independent effect on the development of diabetes.

Citations

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