Endocrinology and Metabolism

Original Articles

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Impact of Post-Transplant Diabetes Mellitus on Survival and Cardiovascular Events in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Ja Young Jeon, Shin Han-Bit, Bum Hee Park, Nami Lee, Hae Jin Kim, Dae Jung Kim, Kwan-Woo Lee, Seung Jin Han; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(1):139-145. Published online February 6, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1594

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Background
Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a risk factor for poor outcomes after kidney transplantation (KT). However, the outcomes of KT have improved recently. Therefore, we investigated whether PTDM is still a risk factor for mortality, major atherosclerotic cardiovascular events (MACEs), and graft failure in KT recipients.
Methods
We studied a retrospective cohort of KT recipients (between 1994 and 2017) at a single tertiary center, and compared the rates of death, MACEs, overall graft failure, and death-censored graft failure after KT between patients with and without PTDM using Kaplan-Meier analysis and a Cox proportional hazard model.
Results
Of 571 KT recipients, 153 (26.8%) were diagnosed with PTDM. The mean follow-up duration was 9.6 years. In the Kaplan- Meier analysis, the PTDM group did not have a significantly increased risk of death or four-point MACE compared with the non-diabetes mellitus group (log-rank test, P=0.957 and P=0.079, respectively). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models showed that PTDM did not have a negative impact on death or four-point MACE (P=0.137 and P=0.181, respectively). In addition, PTDM was not significantly associated with overall or death-censored graft failure. However, patients with a long duration of PTDM had a higher incidence of four-point MACE.
Conclusion
Patient survival and MACEs were comparable between groups with and without PTDM. However, PTDM patients with long duration diabetes were at higher risk of cardiovascular disease.

Citations

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Effect of post-transplant diabetes mellitus on cardiovascular events and mortality: a single‐center retrospective cohort study
Uğur Ünlütürk, Tolga Yıldırım, Merve Savaş, Seda Hanife Oğuz, Büşra Fırlatan, Deniz Yüce, Nesrin Damla Karakaplan, Cemile Selimova, Rahmi Yılmaz, Yunus Erdem, Miyase Bayraktar
Endocrine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of new-onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Qiufeng Du, Tao Li, Xiaodong Yi, Shuang Song, Jing Kang, Yunlan Jiang
Acta Diabetologica.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Safety and efficacy of semaglutide in post kidney transplant patients with type 2 diabetes or Post-Transplant diabetes
Moeber Mohammed Mahzari, Omar Buraykan Alluhayyan, Mahdi Hamad Almutairi, Mohammed Abdullah Bayounis, Yazeed Hasan Alrayani, Amir A. Omair, Awad Saad Alshahrani
Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology.2024; 36: 100343. CrossRef

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland Big Data Articles (National Health Insurance Service Database)
Descriptive Epidemiology and Survival Analysis of Prolactinomas and Cushing’s Disease in Korea: Jin Sun Park, Soo Jin Yun, Jung Kuk Lee, So Young Park, Sang Ouk Chin; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(3):688-696. Published online June 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1000

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Background
Only a few studies have established the epidemiology of prolactinoma and Cushing’s disease in Korea. Furthermore, the incidence of these disease are increasing than before associated with the development of technologies. This study was designed to evaluate the epidemiology of prolactinoma and Cushing’s disease and their survival analysis according to treatment.
Methods
The nationwide, population-based study evaluated incidence and prevalence of prolactinoma and Cushing’s disease using de-identified claims data in The Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database between 2013 and 2017. The survival analysis investigated regarding treatment over a period of 6 years. A log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were used.
Results
The 6,056 patients with newly diagnosed prolactinoma and 584 patients with Cushing’s disease were recorded between 2013 and 2017. The annual incidence of prolactinoma was 23.5 cases per million, and its prevalence was 82.5 cases per million, and 2.3 cases per million/year and 9.8 cases per million for Cushing’s disease. The survival benefit was insignificant in prolactinoma according to treatment, but treatment of Cushing’s disease ameliorated the survival rate significantly.
Conclusion
Overall, the incidence of prolactinoma and Cushing’s disease was similar with those found previously, but the prevalence of two diseases were inconsistent when compared with the early studies. The present study also proposed necessity of treatment in Cushing’s disease for improving the survival rate.

Citations

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Big Data Research in the Field of Endocrine Diseases Using the Korean National Health Information Database
Sun Wook Cho, Jung Hee Kim, Han Seok Choi, Hwa Young Ahn, Mee Kyoung Kim, Eun Jung Rhee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(1): 10. CrossRef
Cushing Syndrome
Martin Reincke, Maria Fleseriu
JAMA.2023; 330(2): 170. CrossRef
Clinical Biology of the Pituitary Adenoma
Shlomo Melmed, Ursula B Kaiser, M Beatriz Lopes, Jerome Bertherat, Luis V Syro, Gerald Raverot, Martin Reincke, Gudmundur Johannsson, Albert Beckers, Maria Fleseriu, Andrea Giustina, John A H Wass, Ken K Y Ho
Endocrine Reviews.2022; 43(6): 1003. CrossRef

Clinical Study
Clinical Implication of World Health Organization Classification in Patients with Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma in South Korea: A Multicenter Cohort Study: Meihua Jin, Eun Sook Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Hyon-Seung Yi, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Mijin Kim, Won Gu Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(3):618-627. Published online September 22, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.742

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Background
The study aimed to compare the prognostic value of the 4th edition of World Health Organization classification (WHO-2017) with the previous WHO classification (WHO-2004) for follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC).
Methods
This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 318 patients with FTC from five tertiary centers who underwent thyroid surgery between 1996 and 2009. We evaluated the prognosis of patients with minimally invasive (MI), encapsulated angioinvasive (EA), and widely invasive (WI) FTC according to WHO-2017. Further, we evaluated the proportion of variation explained (PVE) and Harrell’s C-index to compare the predictability of disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS).
Results
In total, 227, 58, and 33 patients had MI-, EA-, and WI-FTC, respectively. During a median follow-up of 10.6 years, 46 (14.5%) patients had disease recurrence and 20 (6.3%) patients died from FTC. The 10-year DFS rates of patients with MI-, EA-, and WI-FTC were 91.1%, 78.2%, and 54.9%, respectively (P<0.001, PVE=7.1%, C-index=0.649). The corresponding 10-year DSS rates were 95.9%, 93.5%, and 73.5%, respectively (P<0.001, PVE=2.6%, C-index=0.624). The PVE and C-index values were higher using WHO-2017 than using WHO-2004 for the prediction of DFS, but not for DSS. In multivariate analysis, older age (P=0.02), gross extrathyroidal extension (ETE) (P=0.003), and distant metastasis (P<0.001) were independent risk factors for DSS.
Conclusion
WHO-2017 improves the predictability of DFS, but not DSS, in patients with FTC. Distant metastasis, gross ETE and older age (≥55 years) were independent risk factors for DSS.

Citations

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Association of Ultrasonography Features of Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma With Tumor Invasiveness and Prognosis Based on WHO Classification and TERT Promoter Mutation
Myoung Kyoung Kim, Hyunju Park, Young Lyun Oh, Jung Hee Shin, Tae Hyuk Kim, Soo Yeon Hahn
Korean Journal of Radiology.2024; 25(1): 103. CrossRef
Clinical Outcomes and Implications of Radioactive Iodine Therapy on Cancer-specific Survival in WHO Classification of FTC
Genpeng Li, Ziyang Ye, Tao Wei, Jingqiang Zhu, Zhihui Li, Jianyong Lei
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Radioiodine whole body scan pitfalls in differentiated thyroid cancer
Cristina Basso, Alessandra Colapinto, Valentina Vicennati, Alessandra Gambineri, Carla Pelusi, Guido Di Dalmazi, Elisa Lodi Rizzini, Elena Tabacchi, Arber Golemi, Letizia Calderoni, Stefano Fanti, Uberto Pagotto, Andrea Repaci
Endocrine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The Prognostic Impact of Extent of Vascular Invasion in Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
David Leong, Anthony J. Gill, John Turchini, Michael Waller, Roderick Clifton‐Bligh, Anthony Glover, Mark Sywak, Stan Sidhu
World Journal of Surgery.2023; 47(2): 412. CrossRef
TERT Promoter Mutation as a Prognostic Marker in Encapsulated Angioinvasive and Widely Invasive Follicular Thyroid Carcinomas
Yasuhiro Ito, Takashi Akamizu
Clinical Thyroidology.2023; 35(5): 202. CrossRef
Risk factors for death of follicular thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ting Zhang, Liang He, Zhihong Wang, Wenwu Dong, Wei Sun, Ping Zhang, Hao Zhang
Endocrine.2023; 82(3): 457. CrossRef
Molecular classification of follicular thyroid carcinoma based on TERT promoter mutations
Hyunju Park, Hyeong Chan Shin, Heera Yang, Jung Heo, Chang-Seok Ki, Hye Seung Kim, Jung-Han Kim, Soo Yeon Hahn, Yun Jae Chung, Sun Wook Kim, Jae Hoon Chung, Young Lyun Oh, Tae Hyuk Kim
Modern Pathology.2022; 35(2): 186. CrossRef
Whole-genome Sequencing of Follicular Thyroid Carcinomas Reveal Recurrent Mutations in MicroRNA Processing Subunit DGCR8
Johan O Paulsson, Nima Rafati, Sebastian DiLorenzo, Yi Chen, Felix Haglund, Jan Zedenius, C Christofer Juhlin
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2021; 106(11): 3265. CrossRef
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Disease-Free Survival in Patients with Hürthle Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter Cohort Study in South Korea
Meihua Jin, Eun Sook Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Yea Eun Kang, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Mijin Kim, Won Gu Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(5): 1078. CrossRef

Clinical Study
Vandetanib for the Management of Advanced Medullary Thyroid Cancer: A Real-World Multicenter Experience: Mijin Kim, Jee Hee Yoon, Jonghwa Ahn, Min Ji Jeon, Hee Kyung Kim, Dong Jun Lim, Ho-Cheol Kang, In Joo Kim, Young Kee Shong, Tae Yong Kim, Bo Hyun Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(3):587-594. Published online September 22, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.687

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Background
Vandetanib is the most widely used tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of patients with advanced medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). However, only limited data regarding its use outside clinical trials are available. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vandetanib in patients with advanced MTC in routine clinical practice.
Methods
In this multicenter retrospective study, 12 patients with locally advanced or metastatic MTC treated with vandetanib at four tertiary hospitals were included. The primary outcome was the objective response rate (ORR) based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. The progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicities were also evaluated.
Results
Eleven patients (92%) had distant metastasis and 10 (83%) had disease progression at enrollment. Partial response was observed in five patients (ORR, 42%) and stable disease lasting ≥24 weeks was reported in an additional five patients (83%). During the median 31.7 months of follow-up, disease progression was seen in five patients (42%); of these, two died due to disease progression. The median PFS was 25.9 months, while the median OS was not reached. All patients experienced adverse events (AEs) which were generally consistent with the known safety profile of vandetanib. Vandetanib was discontinued in two patients due to skin toxicity.
Conclusion
Consistent with the phase III trial, this study confirmed the efficacy of vandetanib for advanced MTC in terms of both ORR and PFS in the real-world setting. Vandetanib was well tolerated in the majority of patients, and there were no fatal AEs.

Citations

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Metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC): disease course, treatment modalities and factors predisposing for drug resistance
Katerina Saltiki, George Simeakis, Olga Karapanou, Stavroula A. Paschou, Maria Alevizaki
Endocrine.2023; 80(3): 570. CrossRef
Initial Experiences of Selective RET Inhibitor Selpercatinib in Adults with Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma and Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Real-World Case Series in Korea
Han-Sang Baek, Jeonghoon Ha, Seunggyun Ha, Ja Seong Bae, Chan Kwon Jung, Dong-Jun Lim
Current Oncology.2023; 30(3): 3020. CrossRef
Molecular Basis and Natural History of Medullary Thyroid Cancer: It is (Almost) All in the RET
Nicolas Sahakian, Frédéric Castinetti, Pauline Romanet
Cancers.2023; 15(19): 4865. CrossRef
Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Towards a Precision Medicine
Antonio Matrone, Carla Gambale, Alessandro Prete, Rossella Elisei
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Targeted therapy and drug resistance in thyroid cancer
Yujie Zhang, Zhichao Xing, Tianyou Liu, Minghai Tang, Li Mi, Jingqiang Zhu, Wenshuang Wu, Tao Wei
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.2022; 238: 114500. CrossRef
Daily Management of Patients on Multikinase Inhibitors’ Treatment
Carla Colombo, Simone De Leo, Matteo Trevisan, Noemi Giancola, Anna Scaltrito, Laura Fugazzola
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Angiogenic Balance and Its Implications in Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Overview
Cătălina Ionescu, Bogdan Oprea, Georgeta Ciobanu, Milena Georgescu, Ramona Bică, Garofiţa-Olivia Mateescu, Fidan Huseynova, Veronique Barragan-Montero
Medicina.2022; 58(7): 903. CrossRef
Reassessing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in anti-angiogenic cancer therapy
Tobiloba C. Elebiyo, Damilare Rotimi, Ikponmwosa O. Evbuomwan, Rotdelmwa Filibus Maimako, Matthew Iyobhebhe, Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo, Olarewaju M. Oluba, Oluyomi S. Adeyemi
Cancer Treatment and Research Communications.2022; 32: 100620. CrossRef
Current Guidelines for Management of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Mijin Kim, Bo Hyun Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(3): 514. CrossRef
Recent advances in precision medicine for the treatment of medullary thyroid cancer
Jolanta Krajewska, Aleksandra Kukulska, Malgorzata Oczko-Wojciechowska, Barbara Jarzab
Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development.2021; 6(5): 307. CrossRef
Functional evaluation of vandetanib metabolism by CYP3A4 variants and potential drug interactions in vitro
Mingming Han, Xiaodan Zhang, Zhize Ye, Jing Wang, Jianchang Qian, Guoxin Hu, Jianping Cai
Chemico-Biological Interactions.2021; 350: 109700. CrossRef
Nephrotoxicity in advanced thyroid cancer treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: An update
Alice Nervo, Francesca Retta, Alberto Ragni, Alessandro Piovesan, Alberto Mella, Luigi Biancone, Marco Manganaro, Marco Gallo, Emanuela Arvat
Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2021; 168: 103533. CrossRef

Complication and Prognosis of Craniopharyngioma According to the Age of Onset.: Eun Jig Lee, Moon Suk Nam, Young Duk Song, Sung Kil Lim, Hyun Chul Lee, Kap Bum Huh, Kyung Rae Kim, Kun Hoon Song, Bong Soo Cha, Ji Hyun Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1994;10(3):262-272. Published online November 6, 2019

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Abstract PDF: Craniopharyngioma is the most common tumor involving the hypothalamo-pituitary area in childhood and adolescence. Recently, we carried out collective review of 70 patients with craniopharyngioma treated from January 1980 to December 1994 in order to inverstigate the endocrine outcome and survival according to the age of onset.The following results were obtained:1) The male to female ratio was 1:1. Age at diagnosis ranged from 2 to 64 years(mean age: 23) with the greatest frequency in the 2nd decade of life(28.6%). Of the 70 cases, the first group, 27 cases were under the age of 15, and the other group, 43 cases were over 15 year-old.2) The most common symptom at diagnosis in both groups was headache. In the adult group, symptoms related to hypogonadism(amenorrhea, decreased libido, galactorrhea etc.) were not uncommon. The lag of time between onset of symptom and hospital visit ranged from 3 days to 156 months(mean: 20 months).3) The main site of tumor was suprasellar region in both groups. The most common CT finding in both groups was calcification in sella turcica.4) In pre-operative combined pituitary function test, the most common, abnormal responses were shown in growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone in both groups. In addition, prolactin frequently showed abnormal response in the adult group.In post-operative combined pituitary function test, more hormones tended to reveal abnormal response in the group treated with surgery plus radiation therapy.5) The operation by subtotal removal followed by radiation therapy was the most commonly used method in treatment of both groups. After treatment, panhypopituitarism was occurred more frequently in the group treated with RT after surgery than those treated with surgery alone, but the difference was not statistically significant(p=0.136 in childhood, 0.436 in adults). Except the cases with panhypopituitarism, the most commonly encountered endocrine abnormalities were growth retardation in the children group, and hypogonadism in adult. The recurrence was clinically observed in 11 cases. The recurrence rate were 11.1% in children, and 18.6% in adult respectively. The mean time from the initial treatment to recurrence was 23 months. There was no significant difference in recurrence rate between the group treated with RT after subtotal removal and the group treated with total removal(p=0.475).The overall five-year survival rate after treatment was 82.8%. According to the treatment modalities, the patients undergone RT after subtotal removal survived much longer than those treated with other modalities such as subtotal removal only or total removal, but the differences in survival were not statistically significant(Log rank test, p=0.0539).

Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: 10-Year Experience in a Southeast Asian Population: Marc Gregory Yu, Jonathan Rivera, Cecilia Jimeno; Endocrinol Metab. 2017;32(2):288-295. Published online June 23, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2017.32.2.288

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Background

No previous studies have been published on poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) in Southeast Asia.

Methods

We included all adult PDTC patients diagnosed using the Turin criteria at the Philippine General Hospital from 2006 to 2015. The data collected included demographics, clinical presentation, histopathology, treatment, and outcomes. Tests of association were employed to compare these data with foreign studies on PDTC, as well as with local studies on well differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC).

Results

Eighteen PDTC cases were identified. The median age was 62 years old, with the majority being females. All patients had goiter on presentation, and most were stage IV at the time of diagnosis. In terms of PDTC subtype, insular and trabecular patterns were equally common. Extrathyroidal extension was documented in eight patients, while five patients each had nodal and distant metastasis. All but one patient underwent surgery; however, less than half received adjuvant radioiodine therapy. The 5-year survival rate was 83%. Three patients (16.7%) died at a median of 12 months after diagnosis. Nine (50%) are still alive with persistent and/or recurrent disease at a median of 39 months after diagnosis.

Conclusion

The behavior of PDTC in this Southeast Asian population was found to be similar to patterns observed in other regions, and exhibited intermediate features between WDTC and ATC. Appropriate surgery provided excellent 5-year survival rates, but the role of adjuvant therapy remains unclear. Larger studies are needed to identify prognostic factors in this population.

Citations

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Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas: conceptual controversy and clinical impact
Andrés Coca-Pelaz, Juan P. Rodrigo, Abbas Agaimy, Michelle D. Williams, Nabil F. Saba, Sandra Nuyts, Gregory W. Randolph, Fernando López, Vincent Vander Poorten, Luiz P. Kowalski, Francisco J. Civantos, Mark E. Zafereo, Antti A. Mäkitie, Oded Cohen, Iain
Virchows Archiv.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Management of Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Cancer and Differentiated High-Grade Thyroid Carcinoma
Iram S. Alam, Kepal N. Patel
Surgical Clinics of North America.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
I-131 Avid Tumor Thrombus in a Case of Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Sana Munir Gill, Aamna Hassan, Humayun Bashir, Waqas Shafiq
Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy.2023; 32(2): 178. CrossRef
Prognostic Impact of Focal Poorly Differentiated Areas in Follicular Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Is It a Distinct Entity from Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Cancer?
Ramakanth Bhargav Panchangam, Pradeep Puthenveetil, Sabaretnam Mayilvaganan
Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology.2022; 13(1): 157. CrossRef
Newly proposed survival staging system for poorly differentiated thyroid cancer: a SEER-based study
W. Sun, Z. Wang, J. Xiang, Y. Qin, F. Zhang, H. Zhang
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation.2022; 46(5): 947. CrossRef
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognosis of Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Diagnosed According to the Turin Criteria
Jiapeng Huang, Wei Sun, Qingfu Zhang, Zhihong Wang, Wenwu Dong, Dalin Zhang, Chengzhou Lv, Liang Shao, Ping Zhang, Hao Zhang
Endocrine Practice.2021; 27(5): 401. CrossRef
Osteopontin Expression in Thyroid Cancer: Deciphering EMT-Related Molecular Mechanisms
Bruna Prunes Pena Baroni Viana, Amanda Vitória Pampolha Gomes, Etel Rodrigues Pereira Gimba, Luciana Bueno Ferreira
Biomedicines.2021; 9(10): 1372. CrossRef
Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) characteristics and the efficacy of radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy as an adjuvant treatment in a tertiary cancer care center
Shivakumar Thiagarajan, Aamir Yousuf, Ratan Shetty, Harsh Dhar, Yash Mathur, Deepa Nair, Sandeep Basu, Asawari Patil, Shubadha Kane, Sarbani Ghosh-Laskar, Devendra Chaukar
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology.2020; 277(6): 1807. CrossRef
Major vessel invasion by thyroid cancer: a comprehensive review
Michael S. Xu, Jennifer Li, Sam M. Wiseman
Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy.2019; 19(2): 191. CrossRef
Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and poorly differentiated area in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: is there any difference?
Raouef Ahmed Bichoo, Anjali Mishra, Niraj Kumari, Narendra Krishnani, Gyan Chand, Gaurav Agarwal, Amit Agarwal, Saroj Kanta Mishra
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery.2019; 404(1): 45. CrossRef

Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma.: Hye Won Jang, Ji In Lee, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jae Hyeon Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Yong Ki Min, Myung Shik Lee, Moon Kyu Lee, Kwang Won Kim, Jae Hoon Chung; Endocrinol Metab. 2010;25(3):183-191. Published online September 1, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2010.25.3.183

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Studies on the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in Korea are very rare. METHODS: We enrolled 56 MTC patients who underwent surgery at Samsung Medical Center from 1995 to 2006. We analyzed their gender, age at diagnosis, the pathologic findings, the TNM stage, the association with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), RET protooncogene mutation and the, serum basal calcitonin levels before and after the surgery. We investigated the overall survival and the prognostic factors. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 46 years and the male/female ratio was 1:2.7. Fine needle aspiration cytology detected 61% of the MTC. The mean tumor size was 2.6 cm (range: 0.2-9.0 cm). Fifty-two percent of patients had the TNM stage more than III at the time of diagnosis. Distant metastasis was found in 5.3% (3/56) of the patients, either at the time of diagnosis or during the follow-up period. Hereditary MTC comprised of 23% of the patients and the disease developed at a younger age (38 years vs. 48 years, respectively, P < 0.05) with more bilaterality. RET protooncogene mutations were found in 27% (9/33) of the patients and most of them were in codon 634. After the primary surgery, the serum basal calcitonin levels were persistently elevated over 13 ng/L in 49% of the patients. The overall 5-year survival rate was 95.5%. Tumor size and distant metastasis were the significant prognostic factors for survival by univariate analysis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in the clinicopathological characteristics of MTC and survival in Korea compared to those of the Western countries.

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Preoperative Clinical and Sonographic Predictors for Lateral Cervical Lymph Node Metastases in Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Hye-Seon Oh, Hyemi Kwon, Eyun Song, Min Ji Jeon, Dong Eun Song, Tae Yong Kim, Jeong Hyun Lee, Suck Joon Hong, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Jung Hwan Baek, Won Gu Kim
Thyroid.2018; 28(3): 362. CrossRef
The Relationship between Ultrasonographic Features and Clinical Characteristics of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Min Joon Park, Young Sik Choi, Hee Sung Song, Beom Su Kim
Clinical Ultrasound.2018; 3(1): 8. CrossRef
Dynamic risk stratification for medullary thyroid cancer according to the response to initial therapy
Hyemi Kwon, Won Gu Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Dong Eun Song, Yu-Mi Lee, Tae-Yon Sung, Ki-Wook Chung, Jong Ho Yoon, Suck Joon Hong, Jung Hwan Baek, Jeong Hyun Lee, Tae Yong Kim, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong
Endocrine.2016; 53(1): 174. CrossRef
Postoperative biochemical remission of serum calcitonin is the best predictive factor for recurrence‐free survival of medullary thyroid cancer: a large‐scale retrospective analysis over 30 years
Kyong Yeun Jung, Seok‐Mo Kim, Won Sang Yoo, Bup‐Woo Kim, Yong Sang Lee, Kyung Won Kim, Kyu Eun Lee, Jong Ju Jeong, Kee‐Hyun Nam, Se Hoon Lee, Jeong Hun Hah, Woong Youn Chung, Ka Hee Yi, Do Joon Park, Yeo‐Kyu Youn, Myung‐Whun Sung, Bo Youn Cho, Cheong Soo
Clinical Endocrinology.2016; 84(4): 587. CrossRef
Changing trends in the clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes of medullary thyroid carcinoma
Hyemi Kwon, Won Gu Kim, Tae‐Yon Sung, Min Ji Jeon, Dong Eun Song, Yu‐Mi Lee, Jong Ho Yoon, Ki‐Wook Chung, Suck Joon Hong, Jung Hwan Baek, Jeong Hyun Lee, Tae Yong Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Bae Kim
Journal of Surgical Oncology.2016; 113(2): 152. CrossRef
Localization of medullary thyroid carcinoma after surgery using 11C-methionine PET/CT: comparison with 18F-FDG PET/CT
Hye Won Jang, Joon Young Choi, Ji In Lee, Hee Kyung Kim, Hyun Won Shin, Jung Hee Shin, Sun Wook Kim, Jae Hoon Chung
Endocrine Journal.2010; 57(12): 1045. CrossRef

Clinical Differences between Classic Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Variants.: Ji Young Park, Ji In Lee, Alice Hyun Kyung Tan, Hye Won Jang, Hyun Won Shin, Young Lyun Oh, Jung Hee Shin, Jung Han Kim, Ji Soo Kim, Young Ik Son, Sun Wook Kim, Jae Hoon Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2009;24(3):165-173. Published online September 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2009.24.3.165

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
The outcomes of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) variants have been described in a limited number of studies. The purpose of this study was to compare patient outcomes of PTC variants with those of patients with classic PTC. METHODS: A single-institution retrospective analysis was performed to review 2,366 patients with classic PTC and 159 patients with PTC variants diagnosed between 1994 and 2004. PTC variant patients were divided into two groups, favorable (n = 119, 119 follicular variants including 14 encapsulated follicular variants) and aggressive (n = 40, including 13 diffuse sclerosing, 11 tall cell, six solid, six oncocytic, and four columnar cell variants). RESULTS: Compared with classic PTC, the favorable and aggressive variants had a significantly larger tumor size (P<0.001). The favorable variants had significantly lower rates of bilaterality, multifocality, extrathyroidal invasion, cervical lymph node metastasis, stage III and IV disease, and greater male to female ratio (P<0.05). In particular, the encapsulated follicular variant showed no bilaterality, multifocality, extrathyroidal invasion, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis. However, the disease-specific survival and recurrence-free survival of patients with favorable PTC were not different from the patients with classic PTC. The aggressive variants had significantly higher rates of bilaterality and cervical lymph node metastasis compared to the classic PTC (P<0.05). They had significantly reduced disease-specific survival and recurrence-free survival rates (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the nature of PTC variants, especially aggressive types, is important in predicting patient outcome and providing appropriate treatment. Further study is needed to better understand PTC variants.

Citations

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Ultrasonographic Characteristics of the Follicular Variant Papillary Thyroid Cancer According to the Tumor Size
Eon Ju Jeon, Young Ju Jeong, Sung Hwan Park, Chang Ho Cho, Ho Sang Shon, Eui Dal Jung
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2016; 31(3): 397. CrossRef
Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Distinct Biologic Behavior Based on Ultrasonographic Features
Sun Jung Rhee, Soo Yeon Hahn, Eun Sook Ko, Jae Wook Ryu, Eun Young Ko, Jung Hee Shin
Thyroid.2014; 24(4): 683. CrossRef

Case Report

A Case of Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma with Liver Metastasis.: Hyun Joo Lee, Myung Soo Kim, Hyo Kyoung Park, Dae Jung Kim, Yu Mie Rhee, Chul Woo Ahn, Jae Hyun Nam, Bong Soo Cha, Young Duk Song, Sang Won Han, Sung Kil Lim, Kyung Rae Kim, Hyun Chul Lee, Kap Bum Huh; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2003;18(2):232-238. Published online April 1, 2003

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Abstract PDF: An adrenal cortical carcinoma is a rare malignancy associated with poor prognosis. On diagnosis, most patients present with large tumor masses, which are often detected at an advanced stage. The most effective treatment is a complete resection, which is the only curative treatment for adrenal cortical carcinomas. The most important prognostic factor is a successful resection of the primary tumor, as long as it is low-grade and has not spread to distant sites. However, with advanced adrenal cortical carcinomas, with distant metastasis, there is no strict effective treatment program, and the prognosis is poor. The case of a 50-year-old female patient, presenting with an adrenal cortical carcinoma and Cushing's syndrome, who had a long-term survival of 78 months, is reported. The mass was completely resected on diagnosis, but 16 months later liver metastasis was discovered. She had received chemotherapy, with cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin, for the liver metastasis for a period of 15 months, but with no response, furthermore, the size had increased after 10 months. Afterward, she received her 10th session of intrahepatic artery cisplatin chemotherapy and her 3rd hepatic artery embolization. Although the patient had a large degree of liver metastasis, this was tolerated. The tumor mass is presently not aggravated, and she still survives after 78 months.

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