Warning: fopen(/home/virtual/enm-kes/journal/upload/ip_log/ip_log_2024-03.txt): failed to open stream: Permission denied in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 88 Warning: fwrite() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 89 Adipokine Profiles and Metabolic Health
Skip Navigation
Skip to contents

Endocrinol Metab : Endocrinology and Metabolism

clarivate
OPEN ACCESS
SEARCH
Search

Articles

Page Path
HOME > Endocrinol Metab > Volume 30(2); 2015 > Article
Editorial
Adipokine Profiles and Metabolic Health
Seung-Hwan Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism 2015;30(2):175-176.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.2.175
Published online: June 30, 2015

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Seung-Hwan Lee. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2258-6069, Fax: +82-2-595-2534, hwanx2@catholic.ac.kr
• Received: May 6, 2015   • Revised: May 11, 2015   • Accepted: May 12, 2015

Copyright © 2015 Korean Endocrine Society

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

  • 3,112 Views
  • 30 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 8 Crossref
  • 6 Scopus
The epidemic of obesity is a major health problem that leads to medical and socioeconomic burdens on society. Although body mass index (BMI) has been the most commonly used measure to determine the degree of obesity, it does not necessarily reflect the degree of adiposity. Recent observations show that some subpopulations exhibit unexpected metabolic profiles that deviate from the typical dose-response relationship between BMI and metabolic disturbances [123]. Individuals with impaired insulin sensitivity and increased levels of visceral adiposity, despite being nonobese, are defined as meta-bolically obese but normal weight or metabolically unhealthy nonobese (MUHNO) [12]. This subgroup is also characterized by a more atherogenic lipid profile, increased arterial stiffness and carotid atherosclerosis, and higher levels of blood pressure, oxidative stress, and vascular inflammation compared with metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW) people [456]. Another subset of individuals with a lower degree of insulin resistance and favorable metabolic profiles, despite being obese, has been defined as metabolically healthy obese (MHO) [13]. Because the notion that the clinical outcomes of individuals differ according to their metabolic health status has been supported by several large-scale prospective studies [789], interest in this emerging concept has been growing.
In this issue, Lee et al. [10] measured several serum adipokine levels in nondiabetic Korean subjects and showed that the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein were significantly higher in the MUHNO group compared with their metabolically healthy counterparts. However, the difference between MHO subjects and their metabolically unhealthy counterparts was not significant. The authors also showed that the levels of these adipokines were significantly correlated with several parameters that are usually used to define metabolic health [10]. Because insulin resistance and excess adiposity are considered core pathophysiologies of metabolic unhealthiness, it could be easily assumed that adipokines might have a role in the pathogenic mechanism or could be influenced by metabolic health status. Although prospective studies to define the cause-and-effect relationship are lacking, previous studies have also investigated the cross-sectional relationship between various adipokines and metabolic health. Similar to the results of Lee et al. [10], individuals with the MUHNO phenotype were known to have higher circulating levels of leptin, TNF-α, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and lower levels of adiponectin compared with the MHNW group [111213]. Several reports also demonstrated lower levels of TNF-α, IL-6, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, progranulin, retinol-binding protein-4, and chemerin and higher levels of adiponectin in individuals with the MHO phenotype compared with metabolically unhealthy obese subjects [131415].
Because there is no consensus on how to define metabolic health status, the clinical characteristics, metabolic profiles and outcomes can be largely affected by the diagnostic criteria used [816]. Although some conflicting results for adipokine levels also exist, current data support a close relationship to metabolic health status. Therefore, various adipokines might be used as important contributors to the identification or characterization of metabolic health status. Importantly, advancing our knowledge of the molecular indicators of metabolic health would lead to better risk management and prevention of metabolic obesity-related diseases [17].

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

  • 1. Karelis AD, St-Pierre DH, Conus F, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Poehlman ET. Metabolic and body composition factors in subgroups of obesity: what do we know? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:2569–2575. ArticlePubMed
  • 2. Conus F, Allison DB, Rabasa-Lhoret R, St-Onge M, St-Pierre DH, Tremblay-Lebeau A, Poehlman ET. Metabolic and behavioral characteristics of metabolically obese but normal-weight women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:5013–5020. ArticlePubMedPDF
  • 3. Seo MH, Rhee EJ. Metabolic and cardiovascular implications of a metabolically healthy obesity phenotype. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2014;29:427–434. ArticlePubMedPMC
  • 4. Lee SH, Ha HS, Park YJ, Lee JH, Yim HW, Yoon KH, Kang MI, Lee WC, Son HY, Park YM, Kwon HS. Identifying metabolically obese but normal-weight (MONW) individuals in a nondiabetic Korean population: the Chungju Metabolic disease Cohort (CMC) study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2011;75:475–481. ArticlePubMed
  • 5. Yoo HJ, Hwang SY, Hong HC, Choi HY, Seo JA, Kim SG, Kim NH, Choi DS, Baik SH, Choi KM. Association of metabolically abnormal but normal weight (MANW) and metabolically healthy but obese (MHO) individuals with arterial stiffness and carotid atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2014;234:218–223. ArticlePubMed
  • 6. Katsuki A, Sumida Y, Urakawa H, Gabazza EC, Murashima S, Nakatani K, Yano Y, Adachi Y. Increased oxidative stress is associated with serum levels of triglyceride, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia in Japanese metabolically obese, normal-weight men. Diabetes Care 2004;27:631–632. ArticlePubMed
  • 7. Batsis JA, Sahakyan KR, Rodriguez-Escudero JP, Bartels SJ, Somers VK, Lopez-Jimenez F. Normal weight obesity and mortality in United States subjects ≥60 years of age (from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). Am J Cardiol 2013;112:1592–1598. ArticlePubMed
  • 8. Hinnouho GM, Czernichow S, Dugravot A, Batty GD, Kivimaki M, Singh-Manoux A. Metabolically healthy obesity and risk of mortality: does the definition of metabolic health matter? Diabetes Care 2013;36:2294–2300. ArticlePubMedPMC
  • 9. Meigs JB, Wilson PW, Fox CS, Vasan RS, Nathan DM, Sullivan LM, D'Agostino RB. Body mass index, metabolic syndrome, and risk of type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:2906–2912. ArticlePubMedPDF
  • 10. Lee TH, Jeon WS, Han KJ, Lee SY, Kim NH, Chae HB, Jang CM, Yoo KM, Park HJ, Lee MK, Park SE, Oh HG, Park CY, Lee WY, Oh KW, Park SW, Rhee EJ. Comparison of serum adipocytokine levels according to metabolic health and obesity status. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2015;30:185–194.ArticlePubMedPMC
  • 11. Hyun YJ, Koh SJ, Chae JS, Kim JY, Kim OY, Lim HH, Jang Y, Park S, Ordovas JM, Lee JH. Atherogenecity of LDL and unfavorable adipokine profile in metabolically obese, normal-weight woman. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008;16:784–789. ArticlePubMed
  • 12. De Lorenzo A, Del Gobbo V, Premrov MG, Bigioni M, Galvano F, Di Renzo L. Normal-weight obese syndrome: early inflammation? Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:40–45. ArticlePubMedPDF
  • 13. Indulekha K, Surendar J, Anjana RM, Geetha L, Gokulakrishnan K, Pradeepa R, Mohan V. Metabolic obesity, adipocytokines, and inflammatory markers in Asian Indians: CURES-124. Diabetes Technol Ther 2015;17:134–141. ArticlePubMed
  • 14. Phillips CM, Perry IJ. Does inflammation determine metabolic health status in obese and nonobese adults? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98:E1610–E1619. ArticlePubMed
  • 15. Kloting N, Fasshauer M, Dietrich A, Kovacs P, Schon MR, Kern M, Stumvoll M, Bluher M. Insulin-sensitive obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010;299:E506–E515. ArticlePubMed
  • 16. Lee SH, Han K, Yang HK, Kim HS, Cho JH, Kwon HS, Park YM, Cha BY, Yoon KH. A novel criterion for identifying metabolically obese but normal weight individuals using the product of triglycerides and glucose. Nutr Diabetes 2015;5:e149ArticlePubMedPMCPDF
  • 17. Badoud F, Perreault M, Zulyniak MA, Mutch DM. Molecular insights into the role of white adipose tissue in metabolically unhealthy normal weight and metabolically healthy obese individuals. FASEB J 2015;29:748–758. ArticlePubMed

Figure & Data

References

    Citations

    Citations to this article as recorded by  
    • Comparison of visceral adipose tissue in patients with autonomous cortisol secretion and patients with the nonfunctional adrenal masses
      Ferhat Can PİŞKİN, Fulya ODABAŞ, Ulcaz Perihan AKSOYDAN, Gamze AKKUŞ
      Cukurova Medical Journal.2023; 48(3): 911.     CrossRef
    • Association of adipokine levels and insulin resistance in prediabetes: hospital-based descriptive study in a tertiary care hospital in North Kerala
      C. P. Bineesh, M. V. Vimal, Vipin Viswanath, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar
      International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Influence of BMI on Serum Adiponectin, Resistine, and FBG among Overweight and Obese Females Diabetic Patient Type2
      Salah Eldin Omar Hussein, Abd Elgadir Alamin Altoum, Ahmed L. Osman, Hassan M. K. I. Higazi, Sara Ali, Ayman Hussien Alfeel
      Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences.2022; 10(B): 1218.     CrossRef
    • Current Knowledge on the Pathophysiology of Lean/Normal-Weight Type 2 Diabetes
      Teresa Salvatore, Raffaele Galiero, Alfredo Caturano, Luca Rinaldi, Livio Criscuolo, Anna Di Martino, Gaetana Albanese, Erica Vetrano, Christian Catalini, Celestino Sardu, Giovanni Docimo, Raffaele Marfella, Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
      International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 24(1): 658.     CrossRef
    • THE ROLE OF RESISTIN IN THE PROGRESSION OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
      L.V. Zhuravlyova, O.V. Elhaj
      Inter Collegas.2021; 8(3): 157.     CrossRef
    • Serum leptin, resistin, and adiponectin levels in obese and non-obese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus
      Wei Liu, Xianghai Zhou, Yufeng Li, Simin Zhang, Xiaoling Cai, Rui Zhang, Siqian Gong, Xueyao Han, Linong Ji
      Medicine.2020; 99(6): e19052.     CrossRef
    • Adipose Tissue-Derived Signatures for Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Adipokines, Batokines and MicroRNAs
      Min-Woo Lee, Mihye Lee, Kyoung-Jin Oh
      Journal of Clinical Medicine.2019; 8(6): 854.     CrossRef
    • Effect of a new PPAR-gamma agonist, lobeglitazone, on neointimal formation after balloon injury in rats and the development of atherosclerosis
      Soo Lim, Kuy-Sook Lee, Jie Eun Lee, Ho Seon Park, Kyoung Min Kim, Jae Hoon Moon, Sung Hee Choi, Kyong Soo Park, Young Bum Kim, Hak Chul Jang
      Atherosclerosis.2015; 243(1): 107.     CrossRef

    • PubReader PubReader
    • Cite
      CITE
      export Copy
      Close
    • XML DownloadXML Download
    Related articles

    Endocrinol Metab : Endocrinology and Metabolism