Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volume 20(2); April 2005

Review Article

Moleculary Targeted Therapy for Thyroid Cancer.: Ka Hee Yi; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2005;20(2):105-117. Published online April 1, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2005.20.2.105

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Abstract PDF

No abstract available.

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A Case Report on Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patients after Thyroidectomy Treated with Korean Medicine and Immunotherapy
Eun-Bi Ko, Kwon-Jun Jang, Jung-min Yang, Jae-sung Oh
The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine.2021; 42(5): 746. CrossRef

Editorial

High Dose Hook Effect in Macroprolactinoma.: Min Seon Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2005;20(2):118-119. Published online April 1, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2005.20.2.118

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Original Articles

The Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in College Students from Seoul.: Eun Kyung Byun, Hyo Jeong Kim, Jee Young Oh, Young Sun Hong, Yeon Ah Sung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2005;20(2):120-126. Published online April 1, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2005.20.2.120

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BACKGROUND
Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is characterized by the presence of chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism, The prevalence of PCOS in premenopausal women of about 5~ 10%. There may be significant ethnic and racial variations in the prevalence and clinical presentation of PCOS. The current study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of PCOS and to identify the clinical characteristics of PCOS in Korea. METHODS: From March 2003 to March 2004, medical students from Ewha Womans University were investigated for the prevalence of PCOS. The evaluation included a history and physical examination, a modified Ferriman-Gallwey hirsutism score and screening for hyperandrogenemia. PCOS was diagnosed by the presence of the following: 1) oligomenorrhea, 2) hyperandrogenemia and/or hirsutism(a modified Ferriman-Gallwey score> or =6), and 3) the exclusion of related disorders. Hyperandrogenemia was defined as a free testosterone level above the 95th percentile of that for normal cycling nonhirsute women. RESULTS: Out of 492 students, 386 replied to the questionnaire and 203 students(19~31 yr of age) participated in the physical examination and blood sampling. Eumenorrhea without hirsutism was present in 133 students(65.5%), oligomenorrhea was present in 39 students(19.2%), hyperandrogenism was present in 21 students(10.3%) and hirsutism was present in 3(1.5%) of the 203 women. The prevalence of PCOS was 4.9%(10 of 203 students), and only 2 of 10 women with PCOS were hirsute. The mean body mass index of students with PCOS was 22.7+/- 4.3kg/m2, and two women was obese. The plasma insulin levels during the 75g oral glucose tolerance test in women with PCOS was significantly higher when compared to the age and body mass index of the controls. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of PCOS was 4.9% in college students from Seoul. This rate is similar to those rates reported by other investigators in Greece(6.7%) and United States(4%). Obesity and hirsutism are not common in Korean women with PCOS. We are planning to survey a more diverse age groups to determine the prevalence of PCOS

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The Association Between Obesity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Epidemiologic Study of Observational Data
Mina Amiri, Sana Hatoum, Dawnkimberly Hopkins, Richard P Buyalos, Uche Ezeh, Lauren A Pace, Fernando Bril, Ali Sheidaei, Ricardo Azziz
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 109(10): 2640. CrossRef
Ethnicity in polycystic ovary syndrome
D. Shah, S. Rasool
Climacteric.2023; 26(1): 15. CrossRef
Preventive Behavior Intentions for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Young Students
Deulle Min, In Sun Jang, Seungmi Park
Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Age-Adjusted Prevalence and Characteristics of Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Study (2010–2019)
Ju Hee Kim, Min Hyung Jung, Se Hwa Hong, Nalae Moon, Dae Ryong Kang
Yonsei Medical Journal.2022; 63(8): 794. CrossRef
Effects of Exposure Duration and Exposure Levels of Ambient Air Pollutants on the Risk of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A 2015–2019 Korean Population-Based Cohort Study
Ju-Hee Kim, Se-Hwa Hong, Na-Lae Moon, Dae-Ryong Kang
Toxics.2022; 10(9): 542. CrossRef
Gamitaeeumjowee-tang for Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Retrospective Chart Review
Min-jeong Park, Eunjoo Kim, Ji-Myung Ok, Ka-Hye Choi, Young-Woo Lim
Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research.2022; 22(2): 136. CrossRef
Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Korea: A National Health Insurance Database Study
Bo Kyung Koo, Joon Ho Lee, Jimin Kim, Eun Jin Jang, Chang-Hoon Lee, Noel Christopher Barengo
PLOS ONE.2016; 11(4): e0153107. CrossRef
Ethnic differences: Is there an Asian phenotype for polycystic ovarian syndrome?
Zhongwei Huang, Eu-Leong Yong
Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology.2016; 37: 46. CrossRef
Oral Contraceptive Use, Micronutrient Deficiency, and Obesity among Premenopausal Females in Korea: The Necessity of Dietary Supplements and Food Intake Improvement
Boyoung Park, Jeongseon Kim, David O. Carpenter
PLOS ONE.2016; 11(6): e0158177. CrossRef
Metabolic effects of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents
Yejin Han, Hae Soon Kim, Hye-Jin Lee, Jee-Young Oh, Yeon-Ah Sung
Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism.2015; 20(3): 136. CrossRef
Epidemiology and Diagnostic Criteria of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Hyejin Lee, Yeon-Ah Sung
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2015; 16(3): 189. CrossRef
Dietary intake, dietary habits, and depression in Korean women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Seung Hyun Kim, Hyesook Kim, Seung Hee Park, Ji Yun Hwang, Hey Won Chung, Namsoo Chang
Korean Journal of Nutrition.2012; 45(3): 229. CrossRef
Hyperandrogenism in Women: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Yeon-Ah Sung
Hanyang Medical Reviews.2012; 32(4): 197. CrossRef
Polymorphism T→C of gene CYP17 promoter and polycystic ovary syndrome risk: A meta-analysis
Ya Li, Fei Liu, Shan Luo, Han Hu, Xiao-Hong Li, Shang-Wei Li
Gene.2012; 495(1): 16. CrossRef
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Korean Women: Clinical Characteristics and Diagnostic Criteria
Yeon-Ah Sung
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2011; 26(3): 203. CrossRef
Pro12Ala and His447His polymorphisms of PPAR-γ are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome
Bon-Hee Gu, Kwang-Hyun Baek
Reproductive BioMedicine Online.2009; 18(5): 644. CrossRef
Association study between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the VEGF gene and polycystic ovary syndrome
Eung-Ji Lee, Bermseok Oh, Jong-Young Lee, Kuchan Kimm, Jung-Mi Park, Kwang-Hyun Baek
Fertility and Sterility.2008; 89(6): 1751. CrossRef
Androgen receptor gene CAG repeat polymorphism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Jin Ju Kim, Seon Ha Choung, Young Min Choi, Sang Ho Yoon, Seok Hyun Kim, Shin Yong Moon
Fertility and Sterility.2008; 90(6): 2318. CrossRef
A novel single nucleotide polymorphism of INSR gene for polycystic ovary syndrome
Eung-Ji Lee, Bermseok Oh, Jong-Young Lee, Kuchan Kimm, Sook-Hwan Lee, Kwang-Hyun Baek
Fertility and Sterility.2008; 89(5): 1213. CrossRef
Diagnosis and Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Hyejin Lee, Yeon-ah Sung
Journal of Korean Endocrine Society.2007; 22(4): 252. CrossRef
Single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 17 of the insulin receptor gene is not associated with polycystic ovary syndrome in a Korean population
Eung-Ji Lee, Kyong-Jai Yoo, So-Jeong Kim, Sook-Hwan Lee, Kwang Yul Cha, Kwang-Hyun Baek
Fertility and Sterility.2006; 86(2): 380. CrossRef

The Effect of Treatment Modalities on Survival Rates of Patients with Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma.: Jae Myoung Choi, Mi Jeong Kim, Seung Won Lee, Kyoung Eun Song, Yoon Sok Chung, Kwan Woo Lee, Dae Jung Kim, Sung Hee Choi, So Hun Kim, Min Ho Cho, Yumie Rhee, Chul Woo Ahn, Sung Kil Lim, Kyung Rae Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2005;20(2):127-133. Published online April 1, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2005.20.2.127

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma represents 2% to 5% of all thyroid cancers and it is one of the most aggressive human cancers. Local extension at the time of diagnosis and distant metastases are almost always the rule. Its lethality is evidenced by a 5-year survival rate of 3.6% and a median survival time of 4 months. We retrospectively reviewed patients with this disease at 4 tertiary referral centers. METHODS: From 1990 to 2003, 19 cases(9 men and 10 women, mean age: 65.1+/-7.1 years) of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma were reviewed via the medical records. The overall survival rates according to the prognostic factors and the treatment modalities were analyzed. RESULTS: The presenting symptoms included rapidly enlarged neck masses in 16 patients, shortness of breath in 3 patients, hoarseness in 4 patients, dysphagia in 2 patients and chest wall pain in 1 patient. The mean diameter of tumor was 7.2cm. Local extension was seen in all of the cases that had undergone surgery. Distant metastases(lung 6, bone 2, abdominal carcinomatosis 2, brain 1 and mediastinum 1) were seen in 9 patients. Surgical treatment was performed in 10 patients. Radiotherapy was performed in 9 patients and chemotherapy was done in 5 patients; radiotherapy was performed alone in 2 patients, combination chemo-radiotherapy was performed in 3 patients, postoperative radiotherapy was performed in 2 patients and postoperative combination chemo-radiotherapy was performed in 2 patients. 4 patients were treated cons ervatively after the confirmative diagnosis. The overall median survival time was 123 days(range: 23~621 days); the median survival time was 129 days in the treatment group(n=15), and 27 days in the no treatment group (n=4), and significantly higher survival rates were observed for the treated patients(p=0.02). According to the treatment modalities, patients who underwent surgical treatment and postoperative radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy were observed to have significantly higher survival rates than patients in the radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy group(p=0.03), and also than those patients in the surgical treatment only group(p=0.04). CONCLUSION: We found that aggressive surgical treatment and postoperative radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy improved the survival rates of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma even though local invasion and distant metastases was generally observed to occur

Citations

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Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: Experience of a Single Institute
Dongbin Ahn, Jin Ho Sohn
Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.2012; 55(1): 37. CrossRef

Meanings of Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Thyroid Tumors.: Su Kyoung Kwon, Young Sik Choi, Yo Han Park, Hee Kyung Jang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2005;20(2):134-141. Published online April 1, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2005.20.2.134

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), also known as vascular permeability factor(VPF), is an angiogenic factor that plays important roles in tumor growth. Angiogenesis studies on VEGF deal with various types of malignant tumors, but little is known about the role or significance of VEGF in human thyroid neoplasms. Therefore, this study was performed to determine whether the VEGF expression in different histological types of thyroid tumors is altered and to see if there was a relationship between the expression of VEGF and either metastasis or the invasiveness of thyroid carcinomas. METHODS: Forty-two cases that underwent thyroidectomy at Kosin Medical Center, between March, 1999 and February, 2000, were included in this study. Of the 42 cases, 27 were malignant(26 papillary carcinoma, 1 Hurthle cell carcinoma) and 15 were benign lesions. The expression of VEGF was determined by immunohistochemistry using paraffin embedded thyroid tissue blocks, and was quantified as negative(absent), +(1~24%), ++(25~49%), +++(50~74%) and ++++(> or =75%), according to the extent of positive cells. RESULTS: VEGF was stained with red-brown colored granules in the cytoplasm of the thyroid tumor epithelium and was expressed in 27 of the 42 cases(+1, ++8, +++5, ++++13). Most malignant tumors(24 of 27 cases) were stained with VEGF, but only 3 of the 15 benign tumors cases were stained(P<0.001). When the VEGF expression was divided into ++ or below and +++ or above groups, the expression of VEGF was much more extensive in the malignant than benign tumors(P<0.001). Of the 27 malignant tumors cases, lymph node metastasis and/or invasion was noted in 13. VEGF expression was more extensive in malignant tumors with lymph node metastasis and/or invasion than in those without(P<0.001). CONCLUSION: In this study, the rate and extent of VEGF expression were greater in the malignant than the benign thyroid tumors, and also the extent of VEGF expression was the extent of VEGF greater in the malignant tumors with lymph node metastasis and/or invasion than those without

Citations

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Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Seok-Kon Kim, Seung-Goo Park, Kyung-Wook Kim
Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.2015; 41(1): 11. CrossRef

Mutational Analysis of Gsalpha Protein in Fibrous dysplasia of the Bone.: Sang Youl Rhee, Jeong Taek Woo, Gwanpyo Koh, Seungjoon Oh, Sung Woon Kim, Jin Woo Kim, Young Seol Kim, Yong Koo Park; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2005;20(2):142-147. Published online April 1, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2005.20.2.142

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Fibrous dysplasia of the bone(FD) is a benign fibrous bone lesion which usually involves the long bones of the extremities. FD may be asymptomatic, but often leads to bone deformity and pathological fracture. The disease is caused by a somatic mutation in the Gsalpha protein, which is responsible for intracellular signal transduction. METHODS: Mutations in the GNAS1 gene, which codes for Gsalpha protein, was investigated in 34 patients with monostotic and polyostotic FD and McCune-Albright syndrome. DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded bone tissues, and exons 8 and 9 of the GNAS1 gene amplified using a polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Subsequently, plasmid cloning and DNA sequencing analysis were performed. RESULTS: The PCR was successfully performed in 5 patients with monostotic FD. However, the sequencing analysis failed to identify any significant point mutations in exons 8 or 9 of GNAS1. Nevertheless, 3 point mutations were observed in the intron of the GNAS1 gene in 2 samples. CONCLUSION: In addition to the previously known somatic mutations of the GNAS1 gene, this study suggests that fibrous dysplasia of the bone might be associated with another point mutations of the GNAS1 gene

High-Dose Hook Effect in Patients with Macroprolactinoma.: Sung Yeon Kim, Chul Gu Park, Young Ju Choi, Eui Sil Hong, Sang Wan Kim, Chan Soo Shin, Hak Chul Jang, Seong Yeon Kim, Bo Youn Cho, Hong Kyu Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2005;20(2):148-153. Published online April 1, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2005.20.2.148

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Large amounts of antigen may produce false low values on immunoradiometric assays due to the so-called high-dose hook effect. The physicians' awareness of the possibility of the "high-dose hook effect" will prevent preoperative misdiagnosis. The study was designed to identify the frequency and clinical features of patients with pituitary macroadenomas in whom a high-dose PRL hook effect was documented. METHODS: Our retrospective study involved 42 patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas (tumor diameter >30mm) who underwent transsphenoidal microsurgery from between Jan 1999 to Aug 2004, and 6 patients with non-functioning pituitary adenoma(tumor diameter>30mm) were selected for prospective study from Sep 2003 to Feb 2004. Our retrospective study also involved 13 patients with macroprolactinoma for the comparison of the clinical features. RESULTS: 1) The presence of a high-dose hook effect was retrospectively suggested when the PRL levels increased in 4 out of the 42 patients with non- functioning adenomas(tumor diameter >30mm) after surgery. Post-operative immunohistochemical staining of their pituitary specimens revealed the tumors to be prolactinoma. 2) Prospectively, dilution testing of the specimens obtained before surgery was done in the 6 patients, and one patient presented with a case of the hook effect. The patient's prolactin level was measured at 53.1ng/mL before dilution and this was increased up to 22,600ng/mL upon the 1:1000 dilution. 3) Conclusively, the hook effect was seen in 5 of the 48 patients(10.4%) with non-functioning pituitary adenoma(tumor diameter >30mm) 4) Compared with other 2 patient groups(the macroprolactinoma(N=13) group, and the non-functioning pituitary tumor(N=43) group), the high-dose PRL hook effect is more likely to be observed in male patients with large pituitary tumors. CONCLUSION: In order to avoid the high-dose hook effect, PRL should be assayed at 1:100~1:200 or even higher dilutions of serum from all patients(and especially the male patients) with large pituitary tumors

Citations

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Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 Presenting with an Invasive Giant Prolactinoma
Jinhoon Cha, Jin Seo Kim, Jung Suk Han, Yeon Won Park, Min Joo Kim, Yun Hyi Ku, Hong Il Kim
The Korean Journal of Medicine.2016; 91(3): 300. CrossRef

The Adequacy of Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration in Thyroid Nodules.: Hyo Jin Lee, So Young Rha, Ki Hyun Kwon, Jun Chul Lee, Koon Soon Kim, Young Suk Jo, Bon Jeong Ku, Minho Shong, Young Kun Kim, Heung Kyu Ro; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2005;20(2):154-159. Published online April 1, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2005.20.2.154

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Fine needle aspiration(FNA) is an accurate and safe method for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. One of the limitations of FNA is the variable rate of unsatisfactory specimens, especially in small sized, deep seated or complex cystic nodules. To overcome this problem, ultrasound-guided FNA(US-FNA) has been widely used. In this study, the adequacy of cytologic specimens by US-FNA was compared with that of conventional palpation-guided FNA(P-FNA). METHODS: The medical records of all patients who were engaged in FNA due to thyroid nodules at Chungnam National University Hospital from January 2003 to July 2004 were retrospectively examined. The US-FNA and P-FNA were performed in 114 and 185 patients, respectively. RESULTS: Comparison of the adequacy of the two techniques in providing sufficient material for the cytologic diagnosis showed that specimens in 24(13.0%) and 6(5.3%) patients collected by P-FNA and US-FNA, respectively, were unsatisfactory(P=0.031). A total of 23 patients underwent thyroid surgery due to strong suspicion of malignancy at cytologic finding and/or on clinical judgement. Seventeen patients belonged to the P-FNA group and 6 patients to the US-FNA group. In the P-FNA group, a histologic diagnosis revealed two false-negative cytologic findings, but no false-negative findings were found in the US-FNA group. CONCLUSION: Compared with P-FNA, US-FNA may reduce the possibility of unsatisfactory cytologic specimens and the rate of false-negative diagnosis, and may improve the diagnostic accuracy in investigating thyroid nodules

Citations

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Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules Detected by Ultrasonography in Adults for Health Check-up and Analysis of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
Jae Hoon Chung
Journal of Korean Endocrine Society.2008; 23(6): 391. CrossRef

Case Reports

A Case of 45,X Turner's Syndrome with Iron Deficiency Anemia due to Menometrorrhagia and Spontaneous Sexual Development.: Mi Kwang Kwon, Suk Chon, Gwan Pyo Koh, Seung Jun Oh, Jeong Taek Woo, Sung Woon Kim, Jin Woo Kim, Young Seol Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2005;20(2):160-167. Published online April 1, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2005.20.2.160

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Abstract PDF

Short stature and gonadal dysgenesis are two characteristic clinical features of Turners syndrome. Very rarely, patients with Turners syndrome may menstruate and even be fertile. We experienced a case of Turners syndrome with spontaneous sexual development and menstruation. A 16-year-old girl was referred for severe anemia and menometrorrahgia. She had nearly normal features, with the exception of a short stature and a single right kidney. Also, she had spontaneous development of secondary sexual characteristics. We performed and anemia study and evaluated her short stature. In chromosomal study of her bone marrow and peripheral blood lymphocytes, she was revealed to have monosomy 45,X. Herein, this case is reported, with a brief review of literature

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Spontaneous Sexual Development and Heavy Menstrual Bleeding in 45,X Monosomy and 45,X/47,XXX Mosaic Turner Syndrome and a Review of the Literature
Myeong Jin Kim, Hwal Rim Jeong
Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology.2020; 33(5): 602. CrossRef

A Case of Primary Reninism Manifested by Hypertension with Hypokalemia.: Hyung Jin Choi, Eui Sil Hong, Young Min Cho, Do Joon Park, Chan Soo Shin, Kyong Soo Park, Seong Yeon Kim, Bo Youn Cho, Hong Kyu Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2005;20(2):168-173. Published online April 1, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2005.20.2.168

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Abstract PDF

Primary reninism is a rare cause of hypertension manifesting along with hypokalemia. A high level of plasma renin activity and a high level of serum aldosterone are the whole markers of primary reninism. Upon making the diagnosis of primary reninism, other more common causes of aldosteronism must be differentiated, such as renovascular hypertension and primary aldosteronism. Primary reninism is commonly caused by juxtaglomerular cell tumor, which is one of the curable causes of hypertension, and this can be successfully treated by conservative surgery. We report here on a case of primary reninism that was caused by juxtaglomerular cell tumor that developed in a 22-year-old female patient. She was recently diagnosed with hypertension and hypokalemia. She had markedly elevated plasma renin activity and an increased serum aldosterone concentration. Computed tomography revealed a mass located in the right kidney and selective renal vein sampling suggested that the mass was secreting an excess of renin. Right nephrectomy was done and her hypertension with hypokalemia was successfully treated. We report here a case of primary reninism that presented with juxtaglomerular cell tumor along with a review of the literature

Citations

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Reninoma: a rare cause of curable hypertension
Ji Hye Kim, Ji Hyun Kim, Myung Hyun Cho, Eujin Park, Hye Sun Hyun, Yo Han Ahn, Hee Gyung Kang, Kyung Chul Moon, Il-Soo Ha, Hae Il Cheong
Korean Journal of Pediatrics.2019; 62(4): 144. CrossRef

A Case of Panhypopituitarism with Rhabdomyolysis.: Sung Wook Hong, Eun Jung Lee, Ji Young Park, Ji Sung Yoon, Ji O Mok, Yeo Joo Kim, Hyeong Kyu Park, Jae Woo Kim, Chul Hee Kim, Sang Jin Kim, Dong Won Byun, Kyo Il Suh, Myung Hi Yoo; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2005;20(2):174-178. Published online April 1, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2005.20.2.174

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Abstract PDF: Rhabdomyolysis is the consequence of extensive muscle injury with the release of muscle cell constituents into plasma. It can arise from trauma and also from a variety of nontraumatic causes. Trauma, drugs, toxins and infection are the major causes of rhabdomyolysis, but it is rarely associated with metabolic disorders such as severe electrolyte disturbance, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar nonketotic coma, hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis. There have been several reported cases of metabolic rhabdomyolysis, but panhypopituitarism as a cause has never been identified. We experienced a case of acute rhabdomyolysis associated with panhypopituitarism. Thus, So we report this case with the review of related literature. Metabolic disorder is a rare cause of rhabdomyolysis, but it should always be considered in a patient having and unexplained increased of the creatine kinase concentration

A Case of Licorice Induced Hypokalemic Paralysis with Rhabdomyolysis.: Hyun Il Hong, Koon Hee Han, Jung Won Hwang, Young Don Kim, Myung Sook Shim, Jin Yub Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2005;20(2):179-182. Published online April 1, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2005.20.2.179

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Abstract PDF

Prolonged ingestion of licorice can cause hypermineralocorticoidism, with sodium retention, potassium loss and hypertension. Nevertheless, its initial presentation with a very severe degree of hypokalemic paralysis and rhabdomyolysis are exceedingly rare. We describe a patient who experienced hypokalemic paralysis and rhabdomyolysis after licorice ingestion. The patient's initial blood pressure was 160/80mmHg. The major biochemical abnormalities included; hypokalemia(K+ 1.3mEq/L), metabolic alkalosis, with a pH of 7.64, and urine myoglobin > 3000ng/mL. The plasma rennin activity and aldosterone level were suppressed. The 24 hour urine cortisol concentration was normal. The patients, over a 1 month period, had ingested 500g of licorice boiled in water. After quitting the licorice, the hypokalemia and muscle paralysis gradually improved and blood pressure returned to normal

Citations

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A case of chronic licorice intoxication-induced apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome
Young Jae Lim, Ji Eun Kim
Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology.2023; 21(2): 151. CrossRef
Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis Developed in a Patient with Neurogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Jihyeon Hwang, Joo Hye Sung, Ye Eun Kim, Keonyeup Kim, Seong-Hwan Kim, Young Bin Park, Seol-Hee Baek
Journal of the Korean Neurological Association.2021; 39(3): 177. CrossRef
Electrical storm induced by hypokalemia associated with herbal medicines containing licorice
Hyun Kuk Kim, Sung Soo Kim
Translational and Clinical Pharmacology.2019; 27(2): 69. CrossRef
Influence of Herbal Complexes Containing Licorice on Potassium Levels: A Retrospective Study
WooSang Jung, SeungWon Kwon, JinWook Im, SeongUk Park, SangKwan Moon, JungMi Park, ChangNam Ko, KiHo Cho, Paul Posadzki
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2014;[Epub] CrossRef

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