Endocrinology and Metabolism

Intensive Glucose Control and Cardiovascular Outcomes: Focused on Recent Clinical Trials.: Woo Je Lee, Kyung Soo Ko, Byoung Doo Rhee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(5):289-297. Published online October 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.5.289

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The Influence of Admission Hypoglycemia on Clinical Outcomes in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Eun Jung Kim, Myung Ho Jeong, In Seok Jeong, Sang Gi Oh, Sang Hyung Kim, Young keun Ahn, Ju Han Kim, Young Jo Kim, Shung Chull Chae, Taek Jong Hong, In Whan Seong, Jei Keon Chae, Chong Jin Kim, Myeong Chan Cho, Ki Bae Seung, Hyo Soo Kim
Korean Journal of Medicine.2014; 87(5): 565. CrossRef

The Effect of Leptin Level Fluctuations by a Repeated Fasting/Refeeding on the Leptin Sensitivity in OLETF Rats.: Min Seon Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(5):298-301. Published online October 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.5.298

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Age-dependent Kisspeptin Effects on the GnRH Neurons in Male and Female Mice.: Janardhan P Bhattarai, Seon Ah Park, Hua Yin, Soo Joung Park, Jae Gyu Jeon, Kee Wan Chang, So Young Lee, Pan Dong Ryu, Seong Kyu Han; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(5):302-309. Published online October 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.5.302

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BACKGROUND
The gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons play a pivotal role in the central regulation of fertility. Kisspeptin binds to the G-protein coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) and GPR54 has been shown to be essential for puberty and subsequent fertility in humans. The recent in vivo studies have proved that kisspeptin is an extremely potent activator of GnRH neurons. However, the precise mechanism of action of kisspeptin on the GnRH neurons and the age-dependent kisspeptin effects are not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of kisspeptin on the GnRH neurons over the developmental stages in male and female mice. METHODS: Young (< P30) and adult (> P35) GnRH-GFP transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein were used in this study. Acute coronal brain slices containing the preoptic area were prepared, and the identified GnRH neurons were recorded using the gramicidin perforated-patch clamp technique. RESULTS: In young mice, GnRH neurons were excited by bath application of kisspeptin in 36% (13/36) in male, 17% (4/23) in female tested neurons. In adult mice, GnRH neurons were excited in the majority (30/40, 75%) in male, (21/31, 68%) in female neurons tested. However, there was no significant difference between the effects of kisspeptin in male and female mice. In addition, we tested kisspeptin effects in diestrus, proestrus and estrus animals. There were no significant differences of kisspeptin effects over the estrous cycle. Kisspeptin failed to induce excitatory effects on GnRH neurons (6/7, 86%) neurons) by pretreatment of U73122, a protein lipase C (PLC) inhibitor and kisspeptin-induced excitatory effects were decreased by U73122 application (n = 2). CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that kisspeptin-induced membrane excitability was increased after puberty and this supports a previous suggestion that GPR54 is essential for puberty and subsequent fertility.

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Serum Kisspeptin Levels in Korean Girls with Central Precocious Puberty
Young Jun Rhie, Kee Hyoung Lee, So Hee Eun, Byung Min Choi, Hyun Wook Chae, Ah Reum Kwon, Woo Jung Lee, Jung Hyun Kim, Ho-Seong Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2011; 26(7): 927. CrossRef

The Effect of Leptin Level Fluctuations by a Repeated Fasting/Refeeding on the Leptin Sensitivity in OLETF Rats.: Sung Chul Park, Yong Hoon Park, So Young Park, Jong Yeon Kim, Yoon Ki Park, Tae Hyung Lee, Kyu Chang Won, Yong Woon Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(5):310-318. Published online October 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.5.310

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BACKGROUND
Leptin resistance is a common feature in obese subjects and animals, and this is commonly accompanied with hyperleptinemia. We speculated that one of the causes of leptin resistance is a persistently elevated leptin concentration and then we hypothesized that fluctuations of serum leptin would increase leptin sensitivity in the leptin-resistant state. METHODS: We used a repeated fasting and refeeding (RFR) protocol to produce fluctuation in leptin levels in 7 month-old Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats, We then measured the leptin sensitivity following an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of leptin. RESULTS: The OLETF rats exhibited severe visceral fat deposition, hyperleptinemia and leptin resistance. However, in the OLETF-RFR rats, the anorexic effect following i.c.v. leptin infusion was restored. Moreover, the visceral fat mass and serum leptin levels decreased, while the serum adiponectin levels were elevated in the OLETF-RFR rats compared to the OLETF-Control rats. The leptin receptor content in the hypothalamus increased in the OLETF-RFR rats compared to the OLETF-Control rats, and the leptin receptor content in the OLETF-RFR rats decreased compared to that in the the LETO-Control rats. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the intermittent suppression of the serum leptin level reversed the leptin resistance in OLEFT rats, and this may have occurred due to an increased number of leptin receptors in the hypothalamus.

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Reduced Striatal Dopamine Transporter Availability and Heightened Response to Natural and Pharmacological Stimulation in CCK-1R-Deficient Obese Rats
Sevag Hamamah, Andras Hajnal, Mihai Covasa
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(11): 9773. CrossRef
Improvement of Leptin Resistance
Yong Woon Kim
Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine.2013; 30(1): 4. CrossRef
The Effect of Food Restriction on Appetite Regulating Hormones and Adiponectin Activity
Ki Hoon Kim, Hyun Kook Kim
Korean Journal of Nutrition.2012; 45(1): 5. CrossRef
The Effect of Leptin Level Fluctuations by a Repeated Fasting/Refeeding on the Leptin Sensitivity in OLETF Rats
Min Seon Kim
Journal of Korean Endocrine Society.2008; 23(5): 298. CrossRef

Calpain-10 Polymorphism in Korean Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.: Hye jin Lee, Gun Woo Pyun, Eun Kyung Byun, Ji Young Oh, Jee Young Oh, Youngsun Hong, Yeon Ah Sung, Hye Won Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(5):319-326. Published online October 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.5.319

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BACKGROUND
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance, and PCOS is known to be associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). PCOS has also been proposed to share a common genetic background with type 2 DM. The calpain 10 (CAPN10) gene is known to be associated with type 2 DM in several different population. We examined the association of CAPN10 gene polymorphisms and their influence on the metabolic abnormalities in Korean women who suffer with PCOS. METHODS: One hundred sixty four women with PCOS and 325 control women were studied. The CAPN10 gene polymorphisms were genotyped by amplifying the genomic DNA. Anthropometric measures, a 75g oral glucose tolerance test and measurement of insulin sensitivity by the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique were performed. RESULTS: The frequencies of CAPN10 UCSNP-43, UCSNP-19, UCSNP-63 and the haplotype combinations were not different between the women with PCOS and the control subjects. In the women with PCOS and who had the UCSNP-43 GA genotype, the post-load 90 minute plasma glucose level was significantly greater and the HDL cholesterol and insulin mediated glucose uptake were significantly lower compared to the women with PCOS and who had the GG genotype. CONCLUSION: The CAPN10 UCSNP-43 genotype might be responsible for insulin resistance, yet further study is required to confirm the role of this genetic polymorphism in the development of PCOS and the presentation of its disease features.

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Comments on the latest meta-analysis of CAPN10 polymorphism associations with polycystic ovary syndrome
Sidra Raihan, Dawood Shariff, Sami Bizzari
Gene.2019; 717: 144006. CrossRef

A Case of Hyalinizing Trabecular Tumor of the Thyroid Gland Misdiagnosed as Medullary Carcinoma at Cytologic Examination.: Jae Joon Han, Yun Jung Lee, Moon Chan Choi, Mikwang Kwon, Suk Chon, Juhie Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(5):327-331. Published online October 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.5.327

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Abstract PDF: A hyalinizing trabecular tumor (HTT) is a rare benign thyroid tumor that can present as a solitary thyroid nodule, a prominent nodule in a multinodular goiter, or as an incidental finding within a thyroidectomy specimen. The clinical importance of this entity is that it is frequently misdiagnosed as papillary carcinoma or medullary carcinoma on fine-needle aspiration cytology or histopathologic examination. The cytology of HTT is characterized by hypercellularity, nuclear grooves, nuclear pseudoinclusions, and powdery chromatin of the tumor cells, which is frequently seen in papillary carcinomas. The histologic findings of the tumor show polygonal and spindle cells arranged in a trabecular growth pattern with the presence of a variable hyalinized stroma. Calcitonin and other neuroendocrine markers can be used to differentiate HTT from medullary carcinoma. MIB-1, galectin-3, or other cytokeratin markers help to exclude papillary carcinoma. We report a patient with a thyroid tumor misdiagnosed as a medullary carcinoma on fine-needle aspiration and finally diagnosed as HTT after total thyroidectomy and immunohistochemical examination.

A Patient with Primary Amyloidosis Misrecognized as Thyrotoxicosis-induced Heart Failure.: Seok Ju Lee, Seung Hwan Lee, Jung Yeon Chin, Youn Mi Song, Sung Won Lee, Min Hee Kim, Mi Ja Kang, Kang Woo Lee, Hyuk Sang Kwon, Kun Ho Yoon, Ho Young Son, Bong Yun Cha; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(5):332-336. Published online October 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.5.332

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Abstract PDF: Amyloidosis is caused by deposition of insoluble amyloid protein in the extracellular space of organs and tissues. The causes of amyloidosis are classified as primary, secondary, and hereditary, and symptoms develop according to which organ is involved. Cardiac amyloidosis induces cardiomyopathy and is developed by deposition of amyloid proteins in cardiac tissue. We diagnosed a patient with rhabdomyolysis and thyrotoxicosis with underlying Graves' disease 5 years ago. The patient was readmitted recently complaining of general weakness and mild dyspnea, and was diagnosed as relapsed thyrotoxicosis. An echocardiogram was performed for the evaluation of dyspnea and the findings were compatible with infiltrative cardiomyopathy due to amyloidosis. A biopsy of the abdominal subcutaneous fat and rectal mucosa was performed, and diagnosis was amyloidosis with histologic findings. The cause of heart failure was therefore cardiac amyloidosis rather than thyrotoxicosis. This case indicates the importance of evaluating the cause of heart failure in patients with thyrotoxicosis.

A Case of Painful Graves' Disease.: Ji Yun Jeong, Tae Yong Kim, Eun Hee Kim, Eui Young Kim, Sang Ah Lee, Ji Hye Yim, Kyung Min Kim, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(5):337-341. Published online October 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.5.337

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Abstract PDF: Graves' disease rarely presents as pain and tenderness of goiter, with only a few cases reported in the literature. We describe a case of painful Graves' disease presenting as 2 episodes of painful goiter.

A Case of Graves' Disease Presenting with Chorea.: Cheol Ryong Ku, Hyung Jun Park, Sung Jin Hong, Dong Yeob Shin, Jin Ha Lee, Moon Jae Chung, Mi Ae Cho, Tae Woong Noh, Byung In Lee, Eun Jig Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(5):342-346. Published online October 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.5.342

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Hyperthyroidism is invariably accompanied by nervous system dysfunction. Specifically, irritability, emotional lability, and hyperkinesia are the signs and symptoms most frequently observed. In rare instances, chorea and/or choreoathetosis are associated with hyperthyroidism. Full evaluation for the etiology of chorea is necessary prior to initiating treatment. We recently encountered a 42-year-old female who initially presented with hyperthyroidism and showed subsequent development of progressive generalized chorea. The patient was diagnosed with chorea secondary to Graves' disease after exclusion of other causes of chorea and improved after the initiation of pulse administration of intravenous methylprednisolone sodium succinate (Solu-medrol(R), 1000 mg for 5 days) and oral antithyroid medication. This treatment strategy resulted in the resolution of involuntary movements. The steroid administration was eventually tapered, and the patient has been maintained on antithyroid and steroid therapy with considerable success since the initiation of treatment.

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Unilateral upper limb chorea associated with hyperthyroidism: A case report and literature review
Wei Chen, Bin Wu, Hongna An, Kaiying Zheng, Daming Zhai, Jiahua Zang, Xiaobing Wu
Frontiers in Neurology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase/Anti-Thyroglobulin Antibody-Related Neurologic Disorder Responsive to Steroids Presenting with Pure Acute Onset Chorea
Ritwik Ghosh, Subhankar Chatterjee, Souvik Dubey, Alak Pandit, Biman Kanti Ray, Julián Benito-León
Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

Brown Tumor of the Ulna and Radius: An Unusual Presentation of Primary Hyperparathyroidism.: Hyun Park, Gun Hi Kang, Seung Gu Kim, Jun Jae Kim, Na Na Baek, Dae Myung Kim, Sung Woo Cho, Woo Je Lee, Kyung Soo Ko, Byoung Doo Rhee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(5):347-351. Published online October 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.5.347

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Abstract PDF: Brown tumors are erosive bony lesions caused by chronic excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone. Since the introduction of routine calcium measurement, the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism has usually been made in asymptomatic patients and as a result, brown tumors are rarely observed as an initial manifestation of hyperparathyroidism.

Primary Hypogonadism Associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis.: Byoung Yeon Jun, Guk Jin Lee, Ji Hyun Kim, Jung Min Lee, Sang Ah Chang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(5):352-357. Published online October 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.5.352

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Male patients with hypogonadism have an increased risk of developing rheumatic diseases. Most causes of hypogonadism related with rheumatic disease are karyotype abnormality such as Klinefelter's syndrome or Turner's syndrome and gonadal dysgenesis. A 24-year-old year male was admitted for pain of both hip joints that had worsened over 2 months. He had hip joint involvement from ankylosing spondylitis and did not show secondary sex characteristics. His sex hormones and gonadotropins levels indicated hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. The karyotype was 46 XY, and there was no obvious cause of hypogonadism. Here we report on clinical features of this first Korean case of primary hypogonadism accompanying ankylosing spondylitis.

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Ankylosing spondylitis associated with balanced reciprocal X-1 translocation
Young Hoon Kim, Jung Ouk Lee
Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine.2017; 34(1): 80. CrossRef
A Case of Klinefelter's Syndrome Accompanying with Polymyositis
Min Kyu Lee, Byung Sik Kim, Suk Hyun Jung, Gun Hwa Lee, Jin Ok Kim, Dong Hwi Rim, Yu Hwa Lee, Woong Jun Kim, So-Young Bang, Hye-Soon Lee
Journal of Rheumatic Diseases.2012; 19(3): 152. CrossRef

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