Endocrinology and Metabolism

Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Fat Induced Insulin Resistance.: Cheol Soo Choi; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2009;24(2):65-74. Published online June 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2009.24.2.65

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Assessment of Insulin Resistance and Its Clinical Application.: Jihoon Kim, Lee Young Lee, Sihoon Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2009;24(2):75-83. Published online June 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2009.24.2.75

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Case Report of Impaired Fasting Glucose Improved with Korean Medicine Treatment and Dietetic Therapy
Eun-mi Kim, Ki-tae Kim
The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine.2021; 42(2): 175. CrossRef

Identification of Growth Regulatory Factors in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Line.: Young Suk Jo, Minho Shong; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2009;24(2):84-86. Published online June 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2009.24.2.84

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Free T4 is Negatively Correlated with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Euthyroid Women.: Eon Ju Jun, Hyun Sook Kim, Hyue Kyung Chung, Ji Hyun Lee, Sae Rom Kim, Eui Dal Jung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2009;24(2):87-92. Published online June 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2009.24.2.87

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Thyroid hormones play an important role in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and the body mass index (BMI), which all affect non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In a previous study, we demonstrated that free T4 was negatively associated with the BMI in euthyroid women. However, there is still uncertain as to whether the thyroid function within the normal range is associated with NAFLD and liver function abnormalities. We sought to evaluate the thyroid function (free T4, TSH) and its possible relationship with NAFLD in euthyroid women. METHODS: A total of 835 euthyroid, non heavy alcoholics women who visited the Daegu Catholic University University Medical Centre for primary health screening from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2006 participated in this cross-sectional study. The women who were not euthyroid or heavy alcoholics (> 70 g/week in women according to the DSM-IV), there was no known history of diabetes mellitus, the fasting blood glucose was more than 5.55 mmol/L and those who had viral hepatitis were excluded. Hepatic ultrasonography scanning was performed in all the participants by a single experienced radiologist. The TSH, free T4, BP, fasting glucose, serum liver enzymes (AST, ALT, GGT, T-bilirubin), lipid profiles [total-cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), HDL-C, LDL-C] and NAFLD were evaluated. RESULTS: Euthyroid women with NAFLD had lower free T4 levels than did the euthyroid women without NAFLD. After adjustment for age and BMI, free T4 was negatively correlated with TG, but free T4 was positively correlated with the total serum bilirubin. Free T4 was not correlated with the serum AST, ALT and GGT. After adjustment for age, the BMI, the fasting glucose, the GGT and free T4, but not TSH, were significantly negatively correlated with NAFLD. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated a negative correlation between free T4 and NAFLD in euthyroid women. This finding suggests lower levels of free T4 is associated with NAFLD in euthyroid subjects.

Search for Materials that Influence Human Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Proliferation.: Hyun Won Shin, Hye Won Jang, Keun Sook Kim, Ji In Lee, Ji Young Park, Sun Wook Kim, Yong Ki Min, Myung Shik Lee, Moon Kyu Lee, Kwang Won Kim, Jae Hoon Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2009;24(2):93-99. Published online June 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2009.24.2.93

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BACKGROUND
Surgical excision is the only effective treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and there is no certain treatment for recurrence or distant metastasis. Materials that influence MTC cell proliferation were recently reported. Presently, we evaluated the influence of dexamethasone, somatostatin, progesterone, estradiol-17-beta, forskolin and gastrin on MTC cell proliferation and calcitonin secretion. METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted and sequenced from untreated thyroid TT cells and cells treated with 10-5~10-10 M dexamethasone, somatostatin, progesterone, estradiol-17-beta, forskolin or gastrin, and cultured for 1~6 days. Cell proliferation was assessed using a BrdU assay at days 1, 2, 3, and 6. Calcitonin in the culture medium from dexamethasone-treated TT cells was measured at days 1~3. RESULTS: Replacement of cysteine with tryptophan at codon 634 of exon 11 was evident in treated TT cells. There was no significant difference in cell proliferation at days 1~3 in cells treated with somatostatin, progesterone, estradiol-17-beta, gastrin and forskolin, while proliferation was inhibited in dexamethasone-treated cells in a concentration-dependent manner from 10-5~10-8 M with no inhibition evident at 10-10 M. Calcitonin levels in 10-5~10-8 M dexamethasone-treated cells were decreased. CONCLUSION: Dexamethasone is a potentially useful compound to suppress MTC cell proliferation. Further studies are necessary to explore this potential further prior to clinical use.

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Identification of Growth Regulatory Factors in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Line
Young Suk Jo, Minho Shong
Journal of Korean Endocrine Society.2009; 24(2): 84. CrossRef

Gly1057Asp Polymorphism of the Insulin Receptor Substrate-2 Genes May Not Have a Significant Impact on Insulin Resistance in Korean Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.: Ji Young Oh, Jee Young Oh, Yeon Ah Sung, Hye Jin Lee, Hye Won Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2009;24(2):100-108. Published online June 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2009.24.2.100

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BACKGROUND
Insulin resistance is a key factor in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and several candidate genes involved in insulin action such as insulin receptor or insulin recpetor substrate (IRS) have been investigated. In this study, we examined the genetic effects of the IRS-1 and IRS-2 genes on the metabolic and reproductive features in women with PCOS. METHODS: 125 patients with PCOS and 344 regular cycling controls were enrolled. Analysis of the polymorphisms of Gly972Arg in the IRS-1 gene and Gly1057Asp in the IRS-2 gene was performed and oral glucose tolerance tests and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp tests were done. RESULTS: The genotype frequencies of the Gly972Arg polymorphism in the IRS-1 gene and the Gly1057Asp polymorphism in the IRS-2 gene were not significantly different between the women with PCOS and the controls. Gly972Arg polymorphism of the IRS-1 gene was extremely rare in both groups. PCOS women with the IRS-2 Asp1057Asp genotype showed significantly higher hirsutism scores, higher levels of free testosterone and higher post-load 60, 90, and 120 min plasma glucose levels compared to those women with the Gly1057Gly or Gly1057Asp genotype. In contrast, the control women with the Asp1057Asp genotype showed significantly lower post-load 60, 90, and 120 min plasma glucose levels compared with those women with the Gly1057Gly or Gly1057Asp genotype. CONCLUSION: Gly972Arg polymorphism of the IRS-1 gene was extremely rare in Korean women. Gly1057Asp polymorphism of the IRS-2 gene was associated with the phenotypic features of PCOS such as hirsutism, hyperandrogenemia and hyperglycemia, but it was not associated with the insulin sensitivity index. In conclusion, Gly1057Asp polymorphism of the IRS-2 gene may not have a significant impact on insulin resistance in Korean women with PCOS.

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Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 Gly972Arg (rs1801278) Polymorphism Is Associated with Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Kashmiri Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Shayaq Ul Abeer Rasool, Mudasar Nabi, Sairish Ashraf, Shajrul Amin
Genes.2022; 13(8): 1463. CrossRef

Six Cases of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia That Were Due to 17alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase Deficiency.: Dong Hoon Shin, Sung Hoon Yu, Young Min Choi, Jung Gu Kim, Sang Wan Kim, Chan Soo Shin, Kyong Soo Park, Seong Yeon Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2009;24(2):109-115. Published online June 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2009.24.2.109

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17alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency is a rare phenotype of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), and this is characterized by hyporeninemic hypertension, primary amenorrhea and abnormality of the secondary sexual characteristics (pseudohermaphroditism in men). This type of CAH is usually misdiagnosed at first as mineralocorticoid induced hypertension with primary aldosteronism, but primary amenorrhea with deficient sex hormone is a clue for making the correct diagnosis. The authors experienced 6 cases of 17alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency in patients who ranged from 15 to 42 years of age. 4 cases were diagnosed according to the investigation of their mineralocorticoid-induced hypertension and 2 cases their primary amenorrhea and sexual infantilism. All of them had hypokalemia, hyporeninemic hypertension and an atrophied uterus and ovaries. In the genotypic male (46 XY), the testicles were atrophied in the abdominal cavity. The levels of cortisol, estrogen and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) were low, but the levels of progesterone and 11-deoxycorticosterone were high. Therefore, the diagnosis of 17alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency should be considered in female patients who present with both sexual infantilism and mineralocorticoid hypertension. We report on these cases with a brief review of the literature.

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Functional Identification of Compound Heterozygous Mutations in the CYP17A1 Gene Resulting in Combined 17α-Hydroxylase/17,20-Lyase Deficiency
Eun Yeong Mo, Ji-young Lee, Su Yeon Kim, Min Ji Kim, Eun Sook Kim, Seungok Lee, Je Ho Han, Sung-dae Moon
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2018; 33(3): 413. CrossRef
17α-hydroxylase Deficiency Mimicking Hyperaldosteronism by Aldosterone-producing Adrenal Adenoma
Yun Kyung Cho, Hyeseon Oh, Sun-myoung Kang, Sujong An, Jin-Young Huh, Ji-Hyang Lee, Woo Je Lee
The Korean Journal of Medicine.2016; 91(2): 191. CrossRef

A Case of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Ischemic Ileitis.: Se Won Oh, Ju Ri Park, Yun Jeong Lee, Hee Yeong Kim, Ji A Seo, Nan Hee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Dong Seop Choi, Sin Gon Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2009;24(2):116-120. Published online June 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2009.24.2.116

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Abstract PDF: Fulminant type 1 diabetes is characterized by diabetes with an abrupt onset, severe metabolic acidosis at diagnosis, a low HbA1c level and negativity for islet cell-related autoantibodies, and this illness has been classified as type 1B diabetes by the WHO. The prevalence of this disease is higher in Japan than any other country and recently, there have been an increasing number of such case reports in Korea. Genetic factors and environmental factors such as virus infection and an immune mechanism have been suggested as the mechanism of the pathophysiology, but this remains to be clarified.

Spontaneous Pregnancy and Delivery in a Patient with Sheehan's Syndrome.: Young Kwang Choo, Won Sang Yoo, Do Hee Kim, Hyun Kyung Chung, Hee Jin Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2009;24(2):121-125. Published online June 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2009.24.2.121

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Sheehan's syndrome is postpartum hypopituitarism due to the necrosis of the pituitary gland. It is usually the result of severe hypotension or shock caused by massive hemorrhage during or after delivery. Patients with Sheehan's syndrome have varying degrees of anterior pituitary hormone deficiency. They are accompanied with amenorrhea and ovulation dysfunction, and so they rarely get pregnant naturally. Ovulation induction is necessary if these patients desire to become pregnant. However, spontaneous pregnancy may be possible in some patients who have a preserved gonadotrophin reserve. We experienced a case of 29-year-old woman who was diagnosed Sheehan's syndrome 20 months after delivery and we medicated her with prednisolone and thyroxine. She got pregnant spontaneously after 18 months of hormone replacement therapy although she had amenorrhea and irregular menstrual cycles. She successfully delivered a baby by cesarean section. Here we report on this case with a review of the relevant literature concerned with pregnancy and Sheehan's syndrome.

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Acute Sheehan’s Syndrome Associated with Postpartum Hemorrhage
Deokkyeong Kim, Jiwon Min, Yun-Sook Kim, Aeli Ryu
Soonchunhyang Medical Science.2017; 23(1): 65. CrossRef

Graves' Disease Accompanied by Pheochromocytoma: Report of a Case.: Jin Hwa Kim, Sang Jun Lee, Ji Hye Shin, Mi Ra You, Jae Sik Jung, Sang Yong Kim, Hak Yeon Bae; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2009;24(2):126-131. Published online June 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2009.24.2.126

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We present here a rare case of Graves' disease accompanied by pheochromocytoma, and the patient showed normal urine and serum levels of catecholamines and their metabolites. A 45-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for the evaluation of a right adrenal incidentaloma that was detected by chest computed tomography. She had been diagnosed with Graves' disease 1 month previously. She had no symptoms of pheochromocytoma such as hypertension or a history of hypertension attack. Two consecutive 24-hour urine samples were sent to the lab for measurement of the catecholamines, and both samples showed normal levels of metanephrine and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA). After right adrenalectomy was performed, the final pathological diagnosis was adrenal pheochromocytoma. This case suggests that the onset of Graves' disease may be associated with excess catecholamine secreted by a pheochromocytoma. In addition, although the conventional method for detecting pheochromocytoma is to identify an increase of the urine catecholamines, physicians should be aware of the possibility of false negativity on this test.

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Functional retroperitoneal paraganglioma invading the inferior vena cava in the elderly, a case report and literature review
Mohamed Aymane Loukili, Imane Assarrar, Nada El Yamani, Anass Haloui, Siham Rouf, Hanane Latrech
International Journal of Surgery Case Reports.2023; 109: 108547. CrossRef

A Case of Pseudohypoparathyroidism without Albright's Hereditary Osteodystrophy in an Adult.: Yoonbum Lee, Jungmin Roh, Jeong seon Yoo, Jeongwoo Han, Jisun Nam, Minho Cho, Jongsuk Park, Chulwoo Ahn, Kyungrae Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2009;24(2):132-137. Published online June 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2009.24.2.132

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Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a rare disease caused by resistance to parathyroid hormone, and is associated with typical clinical typical symptoms such as tetany and seizures, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and increased parathyroid hormone levels. Pseudohypoparathyroidism is classified to Type Ia, Ib, Ic and II according to the clinical and biochemical manifestations. Type Ia and Ic have morphological characteristics called Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy. Type Ib differs from type II for the pathogenesis. Type Ib may~receptors and type II may~ pathway, but the pathophysiology of type II is not clear yet. Administration of parathyroid hormone extract may help to distinguish between the two types. We report a case of a pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib or II patient who had tetany, hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia with normal morphologic features.

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A Case of Pseudohypoparathyroidism with Graves' Disease
Gil Woo Lee, Jae Hoon Kim, Kang Won Lee, Sa Il Kim, Sang Mo Hong, Dong Sun Kim, Woong Hwan Choi, You Hern Ahn, Tae Wha Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2010; 25(3): 221. CrossRef

A Case of Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism with Normal Stature.: Sae Rom Kim, Yun Jeong Doh, Hee Kyung Kim, Seong Su Moon, Ju Young Lee, Jae Han Jeon, Soo Won Kim, Bo Wan Kim, In Kyu Lee, Jung Guk Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2009;24(2):138-143. Published online June 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2009.24.2.138

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Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP) is characterized by the phenotype of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) alone without biochemical evidence of multihormone resistance, which is unlike pseudohypoparathyroidism. AHO is associated with characteristic developmental abnormalities that include a short stocky stature, a short neck, brachydactyly, a round face, central obesity, mental retardation and subcutaneous ossifications. AHO is an autosomal dominant disease that's caused by heterozygous inactivating mutations in the Gsalpha gene (GNAS1). Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is a hypothalamic Gs-coupled receptor that is thought to mediate the central effect of leptin on satiety. MC4R mutations cause morbid obesity starting in infancy, as well as an elevated leptin level. A 62 year old man with a height of 171.5 cm, a round face, a short neck, central obesity and brachydactyly had normal ranges of serum calcium, phosphorus and PTH and a normal Ellsworth-Howard test. GNAS1 gene analysis revealed substitution of alanine to cysteine in the 165 codon of exon 6 and substitution of alanine to cysteine in the 231 codon of exon 9. Two known SNPs (Cyt-1042Thy, Gua-719Ade) in the MC4R were detected in the patient. We report here on a case of PPHP and the patient had normal stature. We propose that MC4R may have contributed to the obesity & normal stature of this patient.

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Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome Type III with Primary Hypoparathyroidism
Sang Jin Kim, Sang-Yoon Kim, Han-Byul Kim, Hyukwon Chang, Ho-Chan Cho
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2013; 28(3): 236. CrossRef

Central Diabetes Insipidus Surmised as from Post-obstructive Diuresis after Decompression Treatment for Neurogenic Bladder.: Kang Woo Lee, Chul Woo Yang, Dong Jun Lim, Hyuk Sang Kwon, Mi Ja Kang, Eun Sook Kim, Kun Ho Yoon, Ho Young Son, Bong Yun Cha; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2009;24(2):144-147. Published online June 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2009.24.2.144

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Post-obstructive diuresis after treatment for neurogenic bladder-induced obstructive kidney disease is a common symptom. As polyuria may develop in many other conditions as well, the present case is about a patient with a chief complaint of polyuria accompanied by nocturia, that was initially diagnosed as hydronephrosis due to the presence of neurogenic bladder and bladder dysfunction. The result of the water deprivation test, which was conducted for persistent diluted polyuria, yielded a final diagnosis of central diabetes insipidus, notwithstanding the strong impression of post-obstructive diuresis initially made because of a sudden increase in urine output after an indwelling catheter was inserted for bladder decompression.

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A Case of Septo-Optic Dysplasia Resulting in Central Diabetes Insipidus and Nonobstructive Bilateral Hydronephrosis
Jong Hyun Kim, Kwang Bok Lee, Jeonghun Lee, Soo Min Nam, Kang-Woo Lee, Eu Gene Hwang, Geon Gil
Korean Journal of Medicine.2014; 87(2): 209. CrossRef

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