Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volume 26(3); September 2011

Review Articles

Phenotype-Genotype Association Study: From GWAS to NGS.: Sung Min Ahn; Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(3):187-192. Published online September 1, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.3.187

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Abstract PDF

No abstract available.

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Genome-wide association study to identify canine hip dysplasia loci in dogs
Ji Min Kang, Dongwon Seo, Soo Hyun Lee, Doo Ho Lee, Yeong Kuk Kim, Bong Hwan Choi, Seung Hwan Lee
Journal of Animal Science and Technology.2020; 62(3): 306. CrossRef
Genome-Based Approaches in Endocrinology and Metabolism: From Clinical and Research Aspects
Sihoon Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2011; 26(3): 208. CrossRef

Animal Models for the Study of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.: Oliver Oakley, Po Ching Lin, Phillip Bridges, CheMyong Ko; Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(3):193-202. Published online September 1, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.3.193

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Abstract PDF

No abstract available.

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High Doses of D-Chiro-Inositol Alone Induce a PCO-Like Syndrome and Other Alterations in Mouse Ovaries
Arturo Bevilacqua, Jessica Dragotto, Micaela Lucarelli, Giovanna Di Emidio, Giovanni Monastra, Carla Tatone
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(11): 5691. CrossRef
The effects of thylakoid-rich spinach extract and aqueous extract of caraway (Carum carvi L.) in letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rats
Saeed Sherafatmanesh, Maryam Ekramzadeh, Nader Tanideh, Mohammad-Taghi Golmakani, Farhad Koohpeyma
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessing the effect of MitoQ10 and Vitamin D3 on ovarian oxidative stress, steroidogenesis and histomorphology in DHEA induced PCOS mouse model
Gordon Kyei, Aligholi Sobhani, Saeid Nekonam, Maryam Shabani, Fatemeh Ebrahimi, Maryam Qasemi, Elnaz Salahi, Amidi Fardin
Heliyon.2020; 6(7): e04279. CrossRef
Myo‐inositol and D‐chiro‐inositol (40:1) reverse histological and functional features of polycystic ovary syndrome in a mouse model
Arturo Bevilacqua, Jessica Dragotto, Alessandro Giuliani, Mariano Bizzarri
Journal of Cellular Physiology.2019; 234(6): 9387. CrossRef
Ulmus minor bark hydro-alcoholic extract ameliorates histological parameters and testosterone level in an experimental model of PCOS rats
Mohammad Javad Hoseinpour, Alireza Ghanbari, Nahid Azad, Ali Zare, Shabnam Abdi, Ensieh Sajadi, Hojjat-Allah Abbaszadeh, Reza Mastery Farahani, Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar
Endocrine Regulations.2019; 53(3): 146. CrossRef
High-fat diet exposure from pre-pubertal age induces polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in rats
Roshni Patel, Gaurang Shah
Reproduction.2018; 155(2): 139. CrossRef
The effect of Melatonin on histological changes of ovary in induced polycystic ovary syndrome model in mice
Majid Ahmadi, Ayoob Rostamzadeh, Fardin Fathi, Mohsen Mohammadi, Mohammad Jafar Rezaie
Middle East Fertility Society Journal.2017; 22(4): 255. CrossRef
Genetic Rodent Models of Obesity-Associated Ovarian Dysfunction and Subfertility: Insights into Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Isabel Huang-Doran, Stephen Franks
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Polycystic Ovary Morphology (PCOM) in Estradiol Valerate Treated Mouse Model
Leila Amini, Najmeh Tehranian, Mansoureh Movahedin, Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani, Haleh Soltanghoraee
International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences.2016; 4(1): 13. CrossRef
Intravaginal administration of metformin hydrochloride loaded cationic niosomes amalgamated with thermosensitive gel for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: In vitro and in vivo studies
Neetu Saini, Rupinder Kaur Sodhi, Lotika Bajaj, Ravi Shankar Pandey, Upendra Kumar Jain, Om Prakash Katare, Jitender Madan
Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces.2016; 144: 161. CrossRef

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Korean Women: Clinical Characteristics and Diagnostic Criteria.: Yeon Ah Sung; Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(3):203-207. Published online September 1, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.3.203

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Abstract PDF

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder of premenopausal women, affecting 4 to 8% of this population. Diagnosis of PCOS lays on a combination of clinical, biological and ultrasound criteria that has been used variably worldwide. The phenotype of women with PCOS is variable depending on ethnic background and diagnostic criteria may rely on it. Fewer studies have extensively examined reproductive and metabolic characteristics and hyperandrogenism in Korean women. Despite the paucity of these studies, they are critical for the ascertainment of criteria for the diagnosis of PCOS. This review address the issues pertaining to diagnostic issues of PCOS in Korean women, specifically: reproductive and metabolic derangements and criteria for hyperandrogenism based on hirsutism and serum androgen concentrations. The prevalence (estimated) of PCOS in Korean women was 5.8%. To diagnose PCOS, the cut off value for hirsutism needs to be differently adjusted in Korean women. Regarding phenotypic characteristics of PCOS in Korean women, the various phenotypes of PCOS have the different overall morbidity (e.g. insulin resistance and hyperinsulinism, abnormal glucose metabolism and metabolic syndrome). Especially patients with oligomenorrhea/polycystic ovary and hyperandrogenism/polycystic ovary did not seem to have metabolic derangements. Thus these subgroups need to be determined if they can be classified as PCOS.

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Assessing medication use patterns among patients with polycystic ovary syndrome at a tertiary care teaching hospital in South Korea: A retrospective study
Ji Hye Yu, Mi Kyung Moon, Hyo Cho Ahn, Young-Mo Yang
Medicine.2024; 103(32): e39055. CrossRef
Development of an integrated mobile application for lifestyle modification in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Hee Kyung Choi, Seon Heui Lee, Soo Yeon Yang
Journal of Clinical Nursing.2023; 32(1-2): 49. CrossRef
Trend changes and factor analysis of endometrial hyperplasia in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome based on the Korean National Health Insurance Database
Bora Park, Hakmo Lee, Suyeon Park, Eun Sil Lee, Jeong Jae Lee, Young Lee, Je Hyun Seo
BMC Women's Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Menstrual Cycle Patterns and the Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Korean Young Adult Women
Young-Joo Park, Hyunjeong Shin, Songi Jeon, Inhae Cho, Yae-Ji Kim
Healthcare.2021; 9(1): 56. CrossRef

Editorial

Genome-Based Approaches in Endocrinology and Metabolism: From Clinical and Research Aspects.: Sihoon Lee; Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(3):208-209. Published online September 1, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.3.208

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Original Article

Somatostatin Inhibits Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Neuronal Activities in Juvenile Mice.: Seon Ah Park, Janardhan P Bhattarai, Seong Kyu Han; Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(3):210-217. Published online September 1, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.3.210

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons perform a pivotal function in the central regulation of fertility. Somatostatin (SST) is an important neuromodulatory peptide in the central nervous system and alters neuronal activities via G protein- coupled SST receptors. A number of studies have shown that SST modulates the reproductive axis at the hypothalamic level. However, the precise action mechanisms of SST and related receptor subtypes have yet to be fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the direct effects of SST on GnRH neurons in juvenile mice. METHODS: Juvenile (postnatal days, < PND 30) GnRH-GFP transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein were used in this study. Acute coronal brain slices containing the preoptic area were prepared and all identified GnRH neurons were recorded using the gramicidin perforated-patch clamp technique; type II SST receptor (SSTR2) mRNA expression was evaluated via single cell reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: SST caused membrane hyperpolarization, depolarization, no response, or membrane hyperpolarization with a reduction of action potential. Most (57.7%, 30/52) of the GnRH neurons tested were hyperpolarized by SST and this SST-induced hyperpolarization was found to be concentration-dependent. The percentage of responses, membrane potential changes (MPC), and resting membrane potential (RMP) by SST were not significantly different in juvenile male and female GnRH neurons. The SST-induced hyperpolarization was maintained in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX), a sodium channel blocker, and an amino acid blocking cocktail (AABC) containing AP-5 (NMDA receptor antagonist), CNQX (non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist), picrotoxin (GABAA receptor antagonist), and strychnine (glycine receptor antagonist). SSTR2 mRNA was expressed on 10 (38%) among 26 GnRH neurons. Seglitide, an SSTR2 agonist, mimicked this SST-induced hyperpolarization (11/23 47.8%) and this response was maintained in the presence of TTX and AABC. CONCLUSION: Our data show that SST can exert potent inhibitory action against GnRH neuronal excitability via SSTR2 activation in juvenile mice.

Clinical Trial

Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Low Density Lipoprotein Subfraction, Adiponectin and Apolipoprotein B in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.: Haejung Jun, Junghae Ko, Hyesook Jung, Changshin Yoon, Taekyoon Kim, Minjeong Kwon, Soonhee Lee, Jihye Suk, Mikyung Kim, Dukkyu Kim, Jeong Hyun Park; Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(3):218-224. Published online September 1, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.3.218

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Omega-3 fatty acids derived from fish oil have been reported to exert a beneficial effect on reducing cardiovascular disease. Reports about their mechanism have generated several interesting findings, including a change in small dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL) cholesterol proportion, adiponectin, and apolipoprotein B (apoB), in addition to changes in the lipid profile. The principal objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on plasma sdLDL, adiponectin, apoB100, and B48 in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertriglyceridemia. METHODS: We randomized 28 type 2 diabetic patients in a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial to receive either omega-3 fatty acids or placebo, both administered at a dose of 4 g daily for 12 weeks. LDL subfractions prior to and after treatment were separated via low-speed ultracentrifugation and analyzed via immunoelectrophoresis. Adiponectin, apoB100, and B48 levels were measured using an ELISA kit. RESULTS: sdLDL proportions were reduced in the omega-3 fatty acids group by 11% after 12 weeks of treatment (n = 17, P = 0.001), and were reduced by 4% in the control group (n = 11, P = 0.096). The patients receiving the omega-3 fatty acids evidenced a significant reduction in the levels of triglyceride (P = 0.001), apoB100, and B48 after 12 weeks (P = 0.038 and P = 0.009, respectively) relative to the baseline. Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation increased fasting blood glucose (P = 0.011), but the levels of HbA1c in each group did not change to a statistically significance degree. The adiponectin value was not reduced in the omega-3 fatty acids group (P = 0.133); by way of contrast, the placebo group evidenced a significant reduction in adiponectin value after 12 weeks (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Omega-3 fatty acid treatment proved effective in the reduction of atherogenic sdLDL and apoB in type 2 diabetic patients (Clinical trials reg. no. NCT 00758927, clinicaltrials.gov).

Citations

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Blood Flow Improvement Effect of Bokbunja (Rubus coreanus) Seed Oil in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mouse Model
Hyelin Jeon, Sungmin Kwak, Su-Jin Oh, Hyun Soo Nam, Doo Won Han, Yoon Seok Song, Jinwoo Song, Kyung-Chul Choi
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2015; 44(8): 1105. CrossRef
Fatty Acid Compositions, Mineral and Vitamin Contents of the Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba)
Han-Soo Kim, Min-A Kim, Duan Yishan, Seong-Ho Jang, Dong-Soo Kang, Won-Ki Lee, Chun-Sik Lee, Jae-Young Ryu
Journal of Environmental Science International.2014; 23(1): 47. CrossRef

Original Articles

Androgen Receptor Gene CAG Repeat Polymorphism and Effect of Testosterone Therapy in Hypogonadal Men in Korea.: Min Joo Kim, Jin Taek Kim, Sun Wook Cho, Sang Wan Kim, Chan Soo Shin, Kyong Soo Park, Seong Yeon Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(3):225-231. Published online September 1, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.3.225

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
As the number of CAG repeats in the androgen receptor (AR) gene increases, transcriptional activities decrease and the effects of testosterone decline. In this study, we evaluated the importance of the CAG repeat polymorphism in regard to the effect/safety of testosterone therapy in hypogonadal Korean men. METHODS: The number of CAG repeats was determined in 42 hypogonadal men who underwent testosterone therapy for more than 24 months between December 1999 and August 2007. Body mass index, lean body mass, body fat, bone mineral density, type I collagen N-telopeptide (NTx), osteocalcin, lipid profile, hematocrit and PSA levels prior to and after 24 months of testosterone therapy were identified in our medical record review. RESULTS: Twenty-four months of testosterone therapy increased lean body mass, hematocrit, and PSA levels and reduced body fat, NTx, and HDL cholesterol levels. The mean number of CAG repeats in the AR gene was 23 +/- 3 (range, 15-29) in hypogonadal Korean men. The number of CAG repeats was not found to be associated with changes in lean body mass, body fat, NTx, HDL cholesterol, hematocrit, or PSA levels during testosterone therapy. CONCLUSIONS: No association between the number of CAG repeats in the AR gene and the effect/safety of testosterone therapy was detected in hypogonadal Korean men.

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Androgen Receptor CAG Repeat Length as a Risk Factor of Late-Onset Hypogonadism in a Korean Male Population
Jong Wook Kim, Young Dae Bae, Sun Tae Ahn, Jin Wook Kim, Je Jong Kim, Du Geon Moon
Sexual Medicine.2018; 6(3): 203. CrossRef
Positive Correlation between Androgen Receptor CAG Repeat Length and Metabolic Syndrome in a Korean Male Population
Jong Wook Kim, Young Dae Bae, Sun Tae Ahn, Jin Wook Kim, Je Jong Kim, Du Geon Moon
The World Journal of Men's Health.2018; 36(1): 73. CrossRef
Genome-Based Approaches in Endocrinology and Metabolism: From Clinical and Research Aspects
Sihoon Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2011; 26(3): 208. CrossRef

Effect of Thyroid Hormone to the Expression of Bile Salt Export Pump.: Hwa Young Ahn, Kwan Jae Lee, Soon Hui Kim, Eun Ky Kim, Ah Reum Kang, Jung Ah Lim, Ji Won Yoon, Kyung Won Kim, Do Joon Park, Bo Youn Cho, Young Joo Park; Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(3):232-238. Published online September 1, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.3.232

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Bile acids were important for the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. Thyroid hormone increased the expression of CYP7A1 (cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase), catalyzing the first step in the biosynthesis of bile acids. However, the effect of thyroid hormone on bile acid export has not been previously assessed. The principal objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of thyroid hormone on the bile salt export pump (BSEP). METHODS: Thyroid hormone, T3 (1 mg/g) was administered to male mice via intraperitoneal injection. After 6 hours and 5 days of T3 treatment, we measured serum total and LDL cholesterol and hepatobiliary bile acid concentrations. We assessed the changes associated with bile acid synthesis and transport. In order to evaluate the direct effect of thyroid hormone, we assessed the changes in the levels of BSEP protein after T3 administration in human hepatoma cells. RESULTS: Serum total and LDL cholesterol were reduced and hepatobiliary bile acid concentrations were increased following T3 treatment. Expressions of Cyp7a1 and BSEP mRNA were increased following T3 treatment. The levels of the BSEP protein in the mouse liver as well as in the human hepatoma cells were increased after T3 treatment. CONCLUSION: Thyroid hormone can regulate LDL cholesterol metabolism. It increases bile acid synthesis and the excretion of bile acids via increased BSEP expression.

Citations

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Hypothyroidism Increases Cholesterol Gallstone Prevalence in Mice by Elevated Hydrophobicity of Primary Bile Acids
Irina Kube, Luca Bartolomeo Tardio, Ute Hofmann, Ahmed Ghallab, Jan G. Hengstler, Dagmar Führer, Denise Zwanziger
Thyroid.2021; 31(6): 973. CrossRef
Thyroid Dysfunction and Cholesterol Gallstone Disease
Irina Kube, Denise Zwanziger
Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes.2020; 128(06/07): 455. CrossRef
Thyroid hormone receptor β1 stimulates ABCB4 to increase biliary phosphatidylcholine excretion in mice
Julien Gautherot, Thierry Claudel, Frans Cuperus, Claudia Daniela Fuchs, Thomas Falguières, Michael Trauner
Journal of Lipid Research.2018; 59(9): 1610. CrossRef

Case Reports

A Case of Adrenocortical Carcinoma Secreting Cortisol, Androgen and Aldosterone.: Jae Ho Choi, Ye Ri So, Yu Chul Hwang, In Kyung Jeong, Kyu Jeung Ahn, Ho Yeon Chung, Seung Ae Yang; Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(3):239-242. Published online September 1, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.3.239

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Abstract PDF

Primary adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare tumor, and is characterized by a peri-tumor mass effect and hormone excess signs. Adrenocortical carcinoma most commonly secretes cortisol, but tumors that secrete other adrenal hormones (aldosterone, androgen) are rare. Herein, we report the case of a 70-year-old woman with cortisol, androgen, and aldosterone-secreting adrenal carcinoma. The patient complained of generalized weakness, moon face, and central obesity. On laboratory examination, hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis was detected. On the hormone test, cortisol, DHEA-S, and aldosterone were all increased. Abdominal CT showed a large right adrenal mass. She underwent right adrenalectomy and the histology revealed the presence of an adrenocortical carcinoma. After adrenalectomy, the patient was treated with hydrocortisone and mitotane.

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A Case of Adrenocortical Carcinoma Secreting Cortisol and Aldosterone
Jiyoon Ha, Min Kyung Kim, Yoon Jin Cha, Seung Kyu Kim, Gi Young Yun, Kwangwon Rhee, Joon Seong Park, Eun-Suk Cho, Chul Woo Ahn, Jong Suk Park
Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine.2012; 29(2): 132. CrossRef

A Case Report of Bilateral Adrenocortical Carcinoma Complicated by Adrenal Insufficiency.: Min Joo Kim, Jung Hee Kim, Tae Young Kim, Sang Wan Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(3):243-247. Published online September 1, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.3.243

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Abstract PDF

Adrenocortical carcinoma is often functional and presents with signs and symptoms of adrenal steroid hormone excess. Adrenal insufficiency secondary to bilateral adrenocortical carcinoma is a particularly rare complication. We recently encountered a case of bilateral adrenocortical carcinoma complicated by adrenal insufficiency. A 52-year-old male was transferred to this hospital complaining of general weakness and weight loss. A bilateral adrenal mass was detected on abdomen CT. Plasma cortisol and aldosterone failed to rise during the rapid ACTH stimulation test. The CT-guided adrenal biopsy revealed findings consistent with adrenocortical carcinoma. Left hemiparesis was developed and brain metastasis was detected via brain MRI. Despite the application of gamma knife surgery and chemotherapy, the disease progressed and the patient died.

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Bilateral Adrenocortical Carcinoma Presenting as Acute Adrenal Insufficiency
Anshita Aggarwal, Aprajita Verma, Aparajita Roy, Bindu Kulshreshtha
European Endocrinology.2020; 16(2): 172. CrossRef
A Case of Bilateral ACTH-independent Adrenal Adenomas with Cushing's Syndrome Treated by Ipsilateral Total and Contralateral Partial Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy
Seung Ah Park, Dong min Jung, Soon young Kim, Nan Young Choi, Tae-jun Kim, Yong kyun Kim, Seong kyun Na, Chul Sik Kim, Seong Jin Lee, Sung-Hee Ihm, Jun Goo Kang
The Korean Journal of Obesity.2013; 22(4): 254. CrossRef

A Case of Ascites and Extensive Abdominal Distension Caused by Reversible Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Graves' Disease.: Byoungho Choi, Young Sil Eom, Sei Hyun Kim, Hyun Seok Choi, Wook Jin Chung, Sihoon Lee; Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(3):248-252. Published online September 1, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.3.248

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Abstract PDF

Patients with hyperthyroidism can develop left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure, but severe pulmonary hypertension association with hyperthyroidism is rarely seen. Herein, we describe the case of a 27-year-old female who presented with abdominal distension accompanied by pulmonary arterial hypertension and Graves' disease. Her pulmonary arterial hypertension was improved by treating the hyperthyroidism and pulmonary artery hypertension. Additionally, the patient's symptoms of right-side heart failure improved after pulmonary arterial pressure was reduced. Hyperthyroidism should be regarded as a reversible cause of associated pulmonary arterial hypertension.

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A Case of Pulmonary Hypertension Recurred by Graves’ Disease
Jun Seop Lee, Young Sik Choi, Jae Woo Lee, Jin Seok Yoo, Youn Jung Choi, Dong Hyun Park
Kosin Medical Journal.2013; 28(2): 171. CrossRef

A Case of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency in a Patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.: Jae Ho Choi, Suk Chon, Yu Chul Hwang, Jun Seong Son, Seung Joon Oh, Kyu Jeung Ahn, Ho Yeon Chung, Jeong Taek Woo, Sung Woon Kim, Jin Woo Kim, Young Seol Kim, In Kyung Jeong; Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(3):253-257. Published online September 1, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.3.253

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Abstract PDF

The adrenal gland is the most commonly involved endocrine organ in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Adrenal function abnormality is more common in HIV patients than in the general population. It is important to recognize the condition of adrenal insufficiency, as this adrenal disorder may prove fatal if left untreated. Herein, we report a case of primary adrenal insufficiency in a 37-year-old male patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The patient complained of fever, general weakness, and fatigue. Impaired adrenal function was noted in the rapid ACTH stimulation test. After steroid supplementation, the patient's symptoms were improved. Therefore, HIV care physicians should ascertain adrenal dysfunction in HIV patients when they complain of fever and general weakness.

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A Case Report of Adrenal Insufficiency Treated with Korean Medicine
Young-ji Kim, Jung-yeon Kwon, Ho-yeon Go, Kyung-hwan Kong
The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine.2017; 38(5): 583. CrossRef

Case Reports and Estimated Prevalence of Adrenal Pheochromocytoma in Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type I in Korea.: Ju Yang Jung, Seun Joo Ahn, Hyung Young Yoon, Jung Min Ko, Yoon Sok Chung; Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(3):258-262. Published online September 1, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.3.258

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Abstract PDF: We report three patients with adrenal pheochromocytoma who were associated with type I neurofibromatosis. Two of them were asymptomatic, but one case involved hypertension. We reviewed medical records and adrenal imaging, and estimated the prevalence of adrenal pheochromocytoma among neurofibromatosis type I patients in one university hospital in Korea. A total of 658 patients were coded for neurofibromatosis type I (Q85.0 with International Classification of Diseases 10 version) with clinical impression, but only 371 were confirmed via 1997 National Institute of Health criteria. Adrenal images were generated in 203 patients, and 3 of them were diagnosed with pheochromocytoma. According to the results of this study, the estimated prevalence of adrenal pheochromocytoma in type I neurofibromatosis was 0.30-1.48%.

A Case of Central Pontine Myelinolysis in a Type 2 Diabetic Patient without Electrolyte Changes.: A Ra Jo, Ji Hye Suk, Jong Kun Ha, Chan Woo Jung, Bong Jae Kim, Seong Oh Park, Seon Chool Hwang, Hyun Wook Choi, Mi Kyung Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(3):263-267. Published online September 1, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.3.263

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Abstract PDF: Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) by complicating rapid correction of severe hyponatremia has been widely reported. Additionally, CPM was occasionally reported among patients with post-liver transplantation, burns, chronic renal failure with dialysis, or other diseases associated with or not associated with other electrolyte changes or hyperosmolarity. However, there have been a few reports of CPM occurring in diabetic patients without documented electrolyte changes. This report is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of CPM in type 2 diabetic patients without electrolyte changes in Korea. A 40-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus with abruptly developed dysarthria and ataxia was admitted to our facility. He suffered from poor glucose control and multiple diabetic complications. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a well-defined bilateral symmetric hyperintense lesion in the central portion of the pons on T2- and diffusion-weighted images, which was consistent with CPM. After the patient's blood glucose and blood pressure normalized, his dysarthria and ataxia improved. Six months after discharge, follow-up MRI showed a persistent, but greatly reduced symmetric lesion in the central pons. It is certainly possible for CPM to be overlooked clinically in diabetic patients, but more cases could be diagnosed if careful attention was paid to this syndrome.

Reversible Heart Failure and Rhabdomyolysis Caused by Primary Hypoparathyroidism during Lactation.: Kyongyeun Jung, Jeong Hyun Choi, Hee Jin Kim, Hyun Kyung Chung, Dohee Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(3):268-271. Published online September 1, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.3.268

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Abstract PDF: Hypocalcemia can be complicated, on rare occasions, by congestive heart failure and may also be associated with labor and lactation in some cases. Herein, we report a 30-year-old woman with hypocalcemia-induced heart failure secondary to primary idiopathic hypoparathyroidism precipitated by lactation. The patient presented with chest pain and paresthesia in both arms and legs during breast-feeding after her second delivery. She had severe hypocalcemia and low parathyroid hormone levels. Hypocalcemia-induced rhabdomyolysis further aggravated her hypocalcemia symptoms. The echocardiogram showed global hypokinesia with an ejection fraction of 47%. After calcium and vitamin D replacement, her symptoms and ventricular function improved. Hypocalcemia needs to be considered in patients with heart failure, because it is readily reversible. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with heart failure and rhabdomyolysis induced by primary hypoparathyroidism during lactation.

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