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Volume 36(4); August 2021
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Review Articles
Thyroid
The Role of Thyroid Hormone in the Regulation of Cerebellar Development
Sumiyasu Ishii, Izuki Amano, Noriyuki Koibuchi
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):703-716.   Published online August 9, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1150
  • 4,383 View
  • 167 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • 8 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
The proper organized expression of specific genes in time and space is responsible for the organogenesis of the central nervous system including the cerebellum. The epigenetic regulation of gene expression is tightly regulated by an intrinsic intracellular genetic program, local stimuli such as synaptic inputs and trophic factors, and peripheral stimuli from outside of the brain including hormones. Some hormone receptors are expressed in the cerebellum. Thyroid hormones (THs), among numerous circulating hormones, are well-known major regulators of cerebellar development. In both rodents and human, hypothyroidism during the postnatal developmental period results in abnormal morphogenesis or altered function. THs bind to the thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) in the nuclei and with the help of transcriptional cofactors regulate the transcription of target genes. Gene regulation by TR induces cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, which are necessary for brain development and plasticity. Thus, the lack of TH action mediators may directly cause aberrant cerebellar development. Various kinds of animal models have been established in a bid to study the mechanism of TH action in the cerebellum. Interestingly, the phenotypes differ greatly depending on the models. Herein we summarize the actions of TH and TR particularly in the developing cerebellum.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Neuropeptides and Their Roles in the Cerebellum
    Zi-Hao Li, Bin Li, Xiao-Yang Zhang, Jing-Ning Zhu
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(4): 2332.     CrossRef
  • Exploring the underlying molecular mechanism of tri(1,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity via thyroid hormone disruption in zebrafish by multi-omics analysis
    Ying Xu, Lei Yang, Yanguo Teng, Jian Li, Na Li
    Aquatic Toxicology.2023; 258: 106510.     CrossRef
  • Association of Maternal TSH, FT4 With Children's BMI Trajectories, and Obesity: A Birth Cohort Study
    Mengting Yang, Shanshan Zhang, Yuzhu Teng, Xue Ru, Linlin Zhu, Yan Han, Xingyong Tao, Hui Cao, Shuangqin Yan, Fangbiao Tao, Kun Huang
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2023; 109(1): e190.     CrossRef
  • Thyroid hormone receptor beta: Relevance in human health and diseases
    Ghausiya Rehman, Neha Kumari, Farhad Bano, Rakesh K. Tyagi
    Endocrine and Metabolic Science.2023; 13: 100144.     CrossRef
  • Targeting Thyroid Hormone/Thyroid Hormone Receptor Axis: An Attractive Therapy Strategy in Liver Diseases
    Qianyu Tang, Min Zeng, Linxi Chen, Nian Fu
    Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Histone Deacetylase 3 Inhibitor Alleviates Cerebellar Defects in Perinatal Hypothyroid Mice by Stimulating Histone Acetylation and Transcription at Thyroid Hormone-Responsive Gene Loci
    Alvin Susetyo, Sumiyasu Ishii, Yuki Fujiwara, Izuki Amano, Noriyuki Koibuchi
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(14): 7869.     CrossRef
  • Selection-driven adaptation to the extreme Antarctic environment in the Emperor penguin
    Federica Pirri, Lino Ometto, Silvia Fuselli, Flávia A. N. Fernandes, Lorena Ancona, Nunzio Perta, Daniele Di Marino, Céline Le Bohec, Lorenzo Zane, Emiliano Trucchi
    Heredity.2022; 129(6): 317.     CrossRef
  • Long-term depression–inductive stimulation causes long-term potentiation in mouse Purkinje cells with a mutant thyroid hormone receptor
    Ayane Ninomiya, Izuki Amano, Michifumi Kokubo, Yusuke Takatsuru, Sumiyasu Ishii, Hirokazu Hirai, Nobutake Hosoi, Noriyuki Koibuchi
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
Close layer
Thyroid
Active Surveillance as an Effective Management Option for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma
Min Ji Jeon, Won Gu Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Bae Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):717-724.   Published online August 11, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1042
Correction in: Endocrinol Metab 2022;37(1):180
  • 4,526 View
  • 177 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Active surveillance (AS) for low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has been accepted worldwide as safe and effective. Despite the growing acceptance of AS in the management of low-risk PTMCs, there are barriers to AS in real clinical settings, and it is important to understand and establish appropriate AS protocol from initial evaluation to follow-up. PTMC management strategies should be decided upon after careful consideration of patient and tumor characteristics by a multidisciplinary team of thyroid cancer specialists. Patients should understand the risks and benefits of AS, participate in decision-making and follow structured monitoring strategies. In this review, we discuss clinical outcomes of AS from previous studies, optimal indications and follow-up strategies for AS, and unresolved questions about AS.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Serum thyroglobulin testing after thyroid lobectomy in patients with 1–4 cm papillary thyroid carcinoma
    Ahreum Jang, Meihua Jin, Chae A Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Yu-Mi Lee, Tae-Yon Sung, Tae Yong Kim, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Gu Kim
    Endocrine.2023; 81(2): 290.     CrossRef
  • Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: Active Surveillance Against Surgery. Considerations of an Italian Working Group From a Systematic Review
    Giuseppina Orlando, Gregorio Scerrino, Alessandro Corigliano, Irene Vitale, Roberta Tutino, Stefano Radellini, Francesco Cupido, Giuseppa Graceffa, Gianfranco Cocorullo, Giuseppe Salamone, Giuseppina Melfa
    Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prognosis of Patients with 1–4 cm Papillary Thyroid Cancer Who Underwent Lobectomy: Focus on Gross Extrathyroidal Extension Invading Only the Strap Muscles
    Ahreum Jang, Meihua Jin, Won Woong Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Tae-Yon Sung, Dong Eun Song, Tae Yong Kim, Ki-Wook Chung, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Yu-Mi Lee, Won Gu Kim
    Annals of Surgical Oncology.2022; 29(12): 7835.     CrossRef
Close layer
Thyroid
The Concept of Economic Evaluation and Its Application in Thyroid Cancer Research
Kyungsik Kim, Mijin Kim, Woojin Lim, Bo Hyun Kim, Sue K. Park
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):725-736.   Published online August 27, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1164
  • 4,234 View
  • 144 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Economic evaluation is a type of comparative analysis between interventions in terms of both their resource use and health outcomes. Due to the good prognosis of thyroid cancer (TC), the socioeconomic burden of TC patients post-diagnosis is increasing. Therefore, economic evaluation studies focusing on TC are recommended. This study aimed to describe the concept and methods of economic evaluation and reviewed previous TC studies. Several previous studies compared the costs of interventions or evaluated recurrence, complications, or quality of life as measures of their effectiveness. Regarding costs, most studies focused on direct costs and applied hypothetical models. Cost-minimization analysis should be distinguished from simple cost analysis. Furthermore, due to the universality of the term “cost-effectiveness analysis” (CEA), several studies have not distinguished CEA from cost-utility analysis; this point needs to be considered in future research. Cost-benefit analyses have not been conducted in previous TC research. Since TC has a high survival rate and good prognosis, the need for economic evaluations has recently been pointed out. Therefore, correct concepts and methods are needed to obtain clear economic evaluation results. On this basis, it will be possible to provide appropriate guidelines for TC treatment and management in the future.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Role of Prehabilitation and Rehabilitation on Functional Recovery and Quality of Life in Thyroid Cancer Patients: A Comprehensive Review
    Lorenzo Lippi, Alessio Turco, Stefano Moalli, Marco Gallo, Claudio Curci, Antonio Maconi, Alessandro de Sire, Marco Invernizzi
    Cancers.2023; 15(18): 4502.     CrossRef
  • Sex-specific Associations between Body Mass Index and Thyroid Cancer Incidence among Korean Adults
    Kyoung-Nam Kim, Kyungsik Kim, Sangjun Lee, Sue K. Park
    Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.2023; 32(9): 1227.     CrossRef
  • Active Surveillance Versus Immediate Surgery for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma Patients in South Korea: A Cost-Minimization Analysis from the MAeSTro Study
    Kyungsik Kim, June Young Choi, Su-jin Kim, Eun Kyung Lee, Young Ki Lee, Jun Sun Ryu, Kyu Eun Lee, Jae Hoon Moon, Young Joo Park, Sun Wook Cho, Sue K. Park
    Thyroid.2022; 32(6): 648.     CrossRef
  • A Systematic Review of Economic Evaluation of Thyroid Cancer
    Mijin Kim, Woojin Lim, Kyungsik Kim, Ja Seong Bae, Byung Joo Lee, Bon Seok Koo, Eun Kyung Lee, Eu Jeong Ku, June Young Choi, Bo Hyun Kim, Sue K. Park
    International Journal of Thyroidology.2022; 15(2): 74.     CrossRef
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Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Exercise/Resistance Training and Muscle Stem Cells
So-ichiro Fukada, Ayasa Nakamura
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):737-744.   Published online August 10, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.401
  • 4,930 View
  • 250 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Skeletal muscle has attracted attention as endocrine organ, because exercise-dependent cytokines called myokines/exerkines are released from skeletal muscle and are involved in systemic functions. While, local mechanical loading to skeletal muscle by exercise or resistance training alters myofiber type and size and myonuclear number. Skeletal muscle-resident stem cells, known as muscle satellite cells (MuSCs), are responsible for the increased number of myonuclei. Under steady conditions, MuSCs are maintained in a mitotically quiescent state but exit from that state and start to proliferate in response to high physical activity. Alterations in MuSC behavior occur when myofibers are damaged, but the lethal damage to myofibers does not seem to evoke mechanical loading-dependent MuSC activation and proliferation. Given that MuSCs proliferate without damage, it is unclear how the different behaviors of MuSCs are controlled by different physical activities. Recent studies demonstrated that myonuclear number reflects the size of myofibers; hence, it is crucial to know the properties of MuSCs and the mechanism of myonuclear accretion by MuSCs. In addition, the elucidation of mechanical load-dependent changes in muscle resident cells, including MuSCs, will be necessary for the discovery of new myokines/exerkines and understating skeletal muscle diseases.

Citations

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  • Control of muscle satellite cell function by specific exercise‐induced cytokines and their applications in muscle maintenance
    Qian Guo, Qing Luo, Guanbin Song
    Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Resistance exercise preconditioning prevents disuse muscle atrophy by inhibiting apoptosis and protein degradation via SESN2 in C57BL/6J mice
    Yating Huang, Chenxin Jiang, Xiuru Li, Sujuan Liu, Yanmei Niu, Li Fu
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease.2024; 1870(4): 167111.     CrossRef
  • Anthropometric, muscle and serum myokine levels effects of physical exercise with an online platform in female patients with obesity
    David Primo, Olatz Izaola, Juan Jose Lopez Gomez, Daniel de Luis
    Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición.2023; 70(7): 484.     CrossRef
  • Anthropometric, muscle and serum myokine levels effects of physical exercise with an online platform in female patients with obesity
    David Primo, Olatz Izaola, Juan Jose Lopez Gomez, Daniel de Luis
    Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición (English ed.).2023; 70(7): 484.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Cell Science.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Hamed Alizadeh Pahlavani
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Jibao Chen, Ren Zhou, Ye Feng, Lin Cheng
    Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
Close layer
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Effects of Intermittent Fasting on the Circulating Levels and Circadian Rhythms of Hormones
Bo Hye Kim, Yena Joo, Min-Seon Kim, Han Kyoung Choe, Qingchun Tong, Obin Kwon
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):745-756.   Published online August 27, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.405
  • 23,117 View
  • 940 Download
  • 27 Web of Science
  • 27 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Intermittent fasting has become an increasingly popular strategy in losing weight and associated reduction in obesity-related medical complications. Overwhelming studies support metabolic improvements from intermittent fasting in blood glucose levels, cardiac and brain function, and other health benefits, in addition to weight loss. However, concerns have also been raised on side effects including muscle loss, ketosis, and electrolyte imbalance. Of particular concern, the effect of intermittent fasting on hormonal circadian rhythms has received little attention. Given the known importance of circadian hormonal changes to normal physiology, potential detrimental effects by dysregulation of hormonal changes deserve careful discussions. In this review, we describe the changes in circadian rhythms of hormones caused by intermittent fasting. We covered major hormones commonly pathophysiologically involved in clinical endocrinology, including insulin, thyroid hormones, and glucocorticoids. Given that intermittent fasting could alter both the level and frequency of hormone secretion, decisions on practicing intermittent fasting should take more considerations on potential detrimental consequences versus beneficial effects pertaining to individual health conditions.

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Close layer
Special Article
Miscellaneous
COVID-19 Vaccination for Endocrine Patients: A Position Statement from the Korean Endocrine Society
Cheol Ryong Ku, Kyong Yeun Jung, Chang Ho Ahn, Jun Sung Moon, Ju Hee Lee, Eun Heui Kim, Hyemi Kwon, Hee Kyung Kim, Sunghwan Suh, Sangmo Hong, Jeonghoon Ha, Eun Roh, Jin Hwa Kim, Mi-kyung Kim, the Committee of Clinical Practice Guideline of the Korean Endocrine Society
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):757-765.   Published online August 17, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.404
  • 10,064 View
  • 414 Download
  • 19 Web of Science
  • 21 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Since the first outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), ongoing efforts have been made to discover an efficacious vaccine against COVID-19 to combat the pandemic. In most countries, both mRNA and DNA vaccines have been administered, and their side effects have also been reported. The clinical course of COVID-19 and the effects of vaccination against COVID-19 are both influenced by patients’ health status and involve a systemic physiological response. In view of the systemic function of endocrine hormones, endocrine disorders themselves and the therapeutics used to treat them can influence the outcomes of vaccination for COVID-19. However, there are very limited data to support the development of clinical guidelines for patients with specific medical backgrounds based on large clinical trials. In the current severe circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic, position statements made by clinical specialists are essential to provide appropriate recommendations based on both medical evidence and clinical experiences. As endocrinologists, we would like to present the medical background of COVID-19 vaccination, as well as precautions to prevent the side effects of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with specific endocrine disorders, including adrenal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, autoimmune thyroid disease, hypogonadism, and pituitary disorders.

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    Yukako Kurematsu, Takako Mohri, Sadanori Okada, Yutaka Takahashi
    JCEM Case Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Adverse Events Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination in Adolescents with Endocrinological Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study
    İbrahim Mert Erbaş, İrem Ceren Erbaş, Gözde Akın Kağızmanlı, Kübra Yüksek Acinikli, Özge Besci, Korcan Demir, Ece Böber, Nurşen Belet, Ayhan Abacı
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    Tina Kienitz, Gesine Meyer
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    Rimesh Pal, Ameya Joshi, Sanjay K. Bhadada, Mainak Banerjee, Suresh Vaikkakara, Satinath Mukhopadhyay
    Endocrine Practice.2022; 28(4): 425.     CrossRef
  • Safety of Inactivated and mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination Among Patients Treated for Hypothyroidism: A Population-Based Cohort Study
    Xi Xiong, Carlos King Ho Wong, Ivan Chi Ho Au, Francisco Tsz Tsun Lai, Xue Li, Eric Yuk Fai Wan, Celine Sze Ling Chui, Esther Wai Yin Chan, Franco Wing Tak Cheng, Kristy Tsz Kwan Lau, Chi Ho Lee, Yu Cho Woo, David Tak Wai Lui, Ian Chi Kei Wong
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  • The New Entity of Subacute Thyroiditis amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: From Infection to Vaccine
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  • Osteoporosis in Patients With Respiratory Diseases
    Yue Ma, Shui Qiu, Renyi Zhou
    Frontiers in Physiology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Ach Taieb, El Euch Mounira
    Vaccines.2022; 10(12): 2004.     CrossRef
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    Jong Chul Won, Ki-Hyun Baek
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(6): 851.     CrossRef
  • No need of glucocorticoid dose adjustment in patients with adrenal insufficiency before COVID-19 vaccine
    Tania Pilli, Cristina Dalmiglio, Gilda Dalmazio, Alfonso Sagnella, Raffaella Forleo, Lucia Brilli, Fabio Maino, Cristina Ciuoli, Maria Grazia Castagna
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  • Diabetes and COVID-19 Vaccination
    Hae Dong Choi, Jun Sung Moon
    The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2021; 22(4): 221.     CrossRef
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Editorial
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Higher Weight Variability Could Bring You a Fatty Liver
Yeoree Yang, Jae-Hyoung Cho
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):766-768.   Published online August 27, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.403
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Original Articles
Thyroid
Thyroid Hormone Profile and Its Prognostic Impact on the Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korean Patients
Jiyeon Ahn, Min Kyung Lee, Jae Hyuk Lee, Seo Young Sohn
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):769-777.   Published online August 27, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1109
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  • 16 Web of Science
  • 17 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Data on the association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and thyroid have been reported, including overt thyrotoxicosis and suppression of thyroid function. We aimed to evaluate the thyroid hormone profile and its association with the prognosis of COVID-19 in Korean patients.
Methods
The clinical data of 119 patients with COVID-19, admitted in the Myongji Hospital, Goyang, South Korea, were retrospectively evaluated. The thyroid hormone profiles were analyzed and compared based on disease severity (non-severe disease vs. severe to critical disease). Clinical outcomes were analyzed according to the tertiles of thyroid hormones.
Results
Of the 119 patients, 76 (63.9%) were euthyroid, and none presented with overt thyroid dysfunction. Non-thyroidal illness syndrome was the most common manifestation (18.5%), followed by subclinical thyrotoxicosis (14.3%) among patients with thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels were significantly lower in patients with severe to critical disease than in those with non-severe disease (P<0.05). Patients in the lowest T3 tertile (<0.77 ng/mL) had higher rates of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit admission, and death than those in the middle and highest (>1.00 ng/mL) T3 tertiles (P<0.05). COVID-19 patients in the lowest T3 tertile were independently associated with mortality (hazard ratio, 5.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 25.32; P=0.038) compared with those in the highest T3 tertile.
Conclusion
Thyroid dysfunction is common in COVID-19 patients. Changes in serum TSH and T3 levels may be important markers of disease severity in COVID-19. Decreased T3 levels may have a prognostic significance in COVID-19 related outcome.

Citations

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    Sadra Ashrafi, Hossein Hatami, Razieh Bidhendi-Yarandi, Mohammad Hossein Panahi
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    Anamarija Zrilic Vrkljan, Ana Majic Tengg, Tanja Palaversa, Srecko Marusic, Lana Ruzic, Ines Bilic-Curcic, Maja Cigrovski Berkovic
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    Ziqi Li, Pengwei Hou, Shuwen Mu, Renzhi Wang, Hui Miao, Ming Feng, He Wang, Wentai Zhang, Yihao Chen, Tianshun Feng, Shousen Wang, Yi Fang
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    Aleksandra Piekarska, Marta Góral, Marta Kozula, Aleksandra Jawiarczyk-Przybyłowska, Katarzyna Zawadzka, Marek Bolanowski
    Biomedicines.2023; 11(2): 614.     CrossRef
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    Deepika Patel, Dukhabandhu Naik, Sadishkumar Kamalanathan, Kadhiravan Tamilarasu, Jayaprakash Sahoo, Ayan Roy, Chandhana Merugu, Varun Suryadevara
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    Ziynet Alphan Uc, Pinar Yagcı, Zelal Adibelli, Cevdet Duran
    Endocrine Research.2023; 48(2-3): 44.     CrossRef
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    Mingyao Zhong, Yue Gao, Hongling Hu, Xuan Zhu, Lulu Gan, Ling Li, Cheng Xiang, Yimin Yan, Zhe Dai
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Yiru Chen, Xiuneng Li, Yu Dai, Jingjing Zhang
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Mihaela Popescu, Adina Ghemigian, Corina Maria Vasile, Andrei Costache, Mara Carsote, Alice Elena Ghenea
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    Stephani C. Wang, Fengmin Zhang, Hui Zhu, Haipeng Yang, Yang Liu, Ping Wang, Vladimir Parpura, Yu-Feng Wang
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  • The Association Between FT3 With the Outcome and Inflammation/Coagulopathy/Fibrinolysis of COVID-19
    Jiayi Deng, Siye Zhang, Fei Peng, Quan Zhang, Yi Li, Yanjun Zhong
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Pin-Hsu Liao, Yu-Cheng Cheng, Po-Yu Liu, I-Te Lee
    Medicine.2022; 101(25): e29243.     CrossRef
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    Huijun Chen, Minjie Xu, Yezhi Huang, Jincai He, Wenwei Ren
    European Journal of Clinical Investigation.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association of thyroid dysfunction and COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Mohammad Darvishi, Mohammad Reza Nazer, Hamze Shahali, Majid Nouri
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The prognostic utility of serum thyrotropin in hospitalized Covid-19 patients: statistical and machine learning approaches
    E. Pappa, P. Gourna, G. Galatas, M. Manti, A. Romiou, L. Panagiotou, R. Chatzikyriakou, N. Trakas, G. Feretzakis, C. Christopoulos
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  • Thyrotropin Levels in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: Assessment during Hospitalization and in the Medium Term after Discharge
    Abdallah Al-Salameh, Noémie Scherman, Imane Adda, Juliette André, Yoann Zerbib, Julien Maizel, Jean-Daniel Lalau, Etienne Brochot, Claire Andrejak, Rachel Desailloud
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  • COVID-19 and thyroid function: What do we know so far?
    Camila Lüdke Rossetti, Juliana Cazarin, Fabio Hecht, Fabyan Esberard de Lima Beltrão, Andrea Cláudia Freitas Ferreira, Rodrigo Soares Fortunato, Helton Estrela Ramos, Denise Pires de Carvalho
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Thyroid
The Positive Association between Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Newly-Diagnosed Hypertension Is More Explicit in Female Individuals Younger than 65
Xichang Wang, Haoyu Wang, Li Yan, Lihui Yang, Yuanming Xue, Jing Yang, Yongli Yao, Xulei Tang, Nanwei Tong, Guixia Wang, Jinan Zhang, Youmin Wang, Jianming Ba, Bing Chen, Jianling Du, Lanjie He, Xiaoyang Lai, Yanbo Li, Zhaoli Yan, Eryuan Liao, Chao Liu, Libin Liu, Guijun Qin, Yingfen Qin, Huibiao Quan, Bingyin Shi, Hui Sun, Zhen Ye, Qiao Zhang, Lihui Zhang, Jun Zhu, Mei Zhu, Yongze Li, Weiping Teng, Zhongyan Shan
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):778-789.   Published online August 10, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1101
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  • 3 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is the most common thyroid dysfunction, and its relationship with blood pressure (BP) has been controversial. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between SCH and newly-diagnosed hypertension.
Methods
Based on data from the Thyroid disease, Iodine nutrition and Diabetes Epidemiology (TIDE) study, 49,433 euthyroid individuals and 7,719 SCH patients aged ≥18 years were enrolled. Patients with a history of hypertension or thyroid disease were excluded. SCH was determined by manufacturer reference range. Overall hypertension and stage 1 and 2 hypertension were diagnosed according to the guidelines issued by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association in 2017.
Results
The prevalence of overall hypertension (48.7%), including stage 1 (28.9%) and 2 (19.8%) hypertension, increased significantly in SCH patients compared with euthyroid subjects. With elevated serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level, the hypertension prevalence also increased significantly from the euthyroid to different SCH subgroups, which was more profound in females or subjects aged <65 years. The age- and sex-specific regression analysis further demonstrated the same trends in the general population and in the 1:1 propensity matched population. Similarly, several BP components (i.e., systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BP) were positively associated with TSH elevation, and regression analysis also confirmed that all BP components were closely related with SCH in female subjects aged <65 years.
Conclusion
The prevalence of hypertension increases for patients with SCH. SCH tends to be associated with hypertension and BP components in females younger than 65 years.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of levothyroxine effect on blood pressure in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism
    Bahar Darouei, Reza Amani-Beni, Amir Parsa Abhari, Mohammad Fakhrolmobasheri, Davood Shafie, Maryam Heidarpour
    Current Problems in Cardiology.2024; 49(2): 102204.     CrossRef
  • Gender-Specific Associations Between Metabolic Disorders and Thyroid Nodules: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study from China
    Fan Zhang, Di Teng, Nanwei Tong, Guixia Wang, Yongze Li, Xiaohui Yu, Zhongyan Shan, Weiping Teng
    Thyroid.2022; 32(5): 571.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Levothyroxine Supplementation on the Cardiac Morphology and Function in Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    Xichang Wang, Haoyu Wang, Qiuxian Li, Ping Wang, Yumin Xing, Fan Zhang, Jiashu Li, Zhongyan Shan
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2022; 107(9): 2674.     CrossRef
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Thyroid
Association between Iodine Intake, Thyroid Function, and Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Case-Control Study
Kyungsik Kim, Sun Wook Cho, Young Joo Park, Kyu Eun Lee, Dong-Wook Lee, Sue K. Park
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):790-799.   Published online August 11, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1034
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  • 9 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
This study aimed to assess the effects of iodine intake, thyroid function, and their combined effect on the risk of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC).
Methods
A case-control study was conducted including 500 community-based controls who had undergone a health check-up, and 446 overall PTC cases (209 PTC and 237 PTMC) from the Thyroid Cancer Longitudinal Study. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), was used as an indicator of iodine intake, and serum for thyroid function. The risk of PTC and PTMC was estimated using unconditional logistic regression.
Results
Excessive iodine intake (UIC ≥220 μg/gCr) was associated with both PTC (odds ratio [OR], 18.13 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.87 to 37.04) and PTMC (OR, 8.02; 95% CI, 4.64 to 13.87), compared to adequate iodine intake (UIC, 85 to 219 μg/gCr). Free thyroxine (T4) levels ≥1.25 ng/dL were associated with PTC (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.36 to 2.87) and PTMC (OR, 2.98; 95% CI, 2.01 to 4.41), compared to free T4 levels of 0.7 to 1.24 ng/dL. Individuals with excessive iodine intake and high free T4 levels had a greatly increased OR of PTC (OR, 43.48; 95% CI, 12.63 to 149.62), and PTMC (OR, 26.96; 95% CI, 10.26 to 70.89), compared to individuals with adequate iodine intake and low free T4 levels.
Conclusion
Excessive iodine intake using creatinine-adjusted UIC and high free T4 levels may have a synergistic effect on PTC and PTMC. Considering both iodine intake and thyroid function is important to assess PTC and PTMC risk.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Association between urinary iodine concentration and the risk of papillary thyroid cancer by sex and age: a case–control study
    Yerin Hwang, Hyun-Kyung Oh, Jae Hoon Chung, Sun Wook Kim, Jung-Han Kim, Jee Soo Kim, Myung-Hee Shin
    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between iodine nutrition and cervical lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma
    Hengqiang Zhao, Jin Hu, Le Cui, Yiping Gong, Tao Huang
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Sex-specific Associations between Body Mass Index and Thyroid Cancer Incidence among Korean Adults
    Kyoung-Nam Kim, Kyungsik Kim, Sangjun Lee, Sue K. Park
    Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.2023; 32(9): 1227.     CrossRef
  • Nomogram Model Based on Iodine Nutrition and Clinical Characteristics of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma to Predict Lateral Lymph Node Metastasis
    Junrong Wang, Yuzhang Gao, Yuxuan Zong, Weitong Gao, Xueying Wang, Ji Sun, Susheng Miao
    Cancer Control.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Content of Copper, Iron, Iodine, Rubidium, Strontium and Zinc in Thyroid Malignant Nodules and Thyroid Tissue adjacent to Nodules
    Vladimir Zaichick, Qiping Dong
    Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Pathology.2022; 1(4): 7.     CrossRef
  • Distinguish Thyroid Malignant from Benign Alterations using Trace Element Contents in Nodular Tissue determined by Neutron Activation and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
    Vladimir Zaichick
    Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Pathology.2022; 1(4): 18.     CrossRef
  • Seaweed and Iodine Intakes and SLC5A5 rs77277498 in Relation to Thyroid Cancer
    Tung Hoang, Eun Kyung Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Yul Hwangbo, Jeongseon Kim
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(3): 513.     CrossRef
  • Iodine nutrition and papillary thyroid cancer
    Xueqi Zhang, Fan Zhang, Qiuxian Li, Chuyao Feng, Weiping Teng
    Frontiers in Nutrition.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The relationship between urinary iodine concentration and papillary thyroid cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Xueqi Zhang, Fan Zhang, Qiuxian Li, Renaguli Aihaiti, Chuyao Feng, Deshi Chen, Xu Zhao, Weiping Teng
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Screening and validation of lymph node metastasis risk-factor genes in papillary thyroid carcinoma
    Qiaoyue Zhang, Jing Li, Hengyan Shen, Xinyu Bai, Tao Zhang, Ping Liu
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Diagnosis of Thyroid Malignancy using Levels of Chemical Element Contents in Nodular Tissue
    Vladimir Zaichick
    Journal of Health Care and Research.2022; 3(1): 16.     CrossRef
  • Associations of Habitual Mineral Intake with New-Onset Prediabetes/Diabetes after Acute Pancreatitis
    Claire F. Norbitt, Wandia Kimita, Juyeon Ko, Sakina H. Bharmal, Maxim S. Petrov
    Nutrients.2021; 13(11): 3978.     CrossRef
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Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
High Fibrosis-4 Index Is Related with Worse Clinical Outcome in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Diabetes Mellitus: A Multicenter Observational Study
Sung-Woo Kim, Jae-Han Jeon, Jun Sung Moon, Mi Kyung Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):800-809.   Published online August 20, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1040
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
Based on recent evidence on the importance of the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality, we analyzed whether these factors could additively predict such mortality.
Methods
This multicenter observational study included 1,019 adult inpatients admitted to university hospitals in Daegu. The demographic and laboratory findings, mortality, prevalence of severe disease, and duration of quarantine were compared between patients with and without DM and/or a high FIB-4 index. The mortality risk and corresponding hazard ratio (HR) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard models.
Results
The patients with DM (n=217) exhibited significantly higher FIB-4 index and mortality compared to those without DM. Although DM (HR, 2.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63 to 4.33) and a high FIB-4 index (HR, 4.20; 95% CI, 2.21 to 7.99) were separately identified as risk factors for COVID-19 mortality, the patients with both DM and high FIB-4 index had a significantly higher mortality (HR, 9.54; 95% CI, 4.11 to 22.15). Higher FIB-4 indices were associated with higher mortality regardless of DM. A high FIB-4 index with DM was more significantly associated with a severe clinical course with mortality (odds ratio, 11.24; 95% CI, 5.90 to 21.41) than a low FIB-4 index without DM, followed by a high FIB-4 index alone and DM alone. The duration of quarantine and hospital stay also tended to be longer in those with both DM and high FIB-4 index.
Conclusion
Both DM and high FIB-4 index are independent and additive risk factors for COVID-19 mortality.

Citations

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  • COVID-19 and hepatic injury: Diversity and risk assessment
    Fares E M Ali, Mostafa K Abd El-Aziz, Mahmoud M Ali, Osama M Ghogar, Adel G Bakr
    World Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 29(3): 425.     CrossRef
  • Differential Effects of COVID-19 Hospitalization on the Trajectory of Liver Disease Progression
    Dilara Hatipoğlu, Connor Mulligan, Jeffrey Wang, Juan Peticco, Reid Grinspoon, Sanjay Gadi, Camilla Mills, Jay Luther, Raymond T. Chung
    Gastro Hep Advances.2023; 2(4): 480.     CrossRef
  • Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver and metabolic-associated fatty liver with COVID-19 outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Gowthami Sai Kogilathota Jagirdhar, Rakhtan K Qasba, Harsha Pattnaik, Kaanthi Rama, Akshat Banga, Shiva Teja Reddy, Anna Carolina Flumignan Bucharles, Rahul Kashyap, Praveen Reddy Elmati, Vikas Bansal, Yatinder Bains, Theodore DaCosta, Salim Surani
    World Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 29(21): 3362.     CrossRef
  • COVID-19 and Fatty Liver Disorders
    Maria Guarino, Valentina Cossiga, Francesco Cutolo, Maria Attanasio, Raffaele Lieto, Filomena Morisco
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(13): 4316.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Liver Fibrosis in Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
    Tiangui Li, Peng Wang, Xiao Gong, Weelic Chong, Yang Hai, Chao You, Juan Kang, Fang Fang, Yu Zhang
    Frontiers in Neurology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Tetrahydrocurcumin Ameliorates Kidney Injury and High Systolic Blood Pressure in High-Fat Diet-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Mice
Weerapon Sangartit, Kyung Bong Ha, Eun Soo Lee, Hong Min Kim, Upa Kukongviriyapan, Eun Young Lee, Choon Hee Chung
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):810-822.   Published online August 27, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.988
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  • 7 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
Activation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is implicated in the pathogenesis of kidney injury and hypertension. We aimed to investigate the protective effect of tetrahydrocurcumin (THU) on intrarenal RAS expression, kidney injury, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced type 2 diabetic mice.
Methods
Eight-week-old male mice were fed a regular diet (RD) or HFD for 12 weeks, and THU (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) was intragastrically administered with HFD. Physiological and metabolic changes were monitored and the expression of RAS components and markers of kidney injury were assessed.
Results
HFD-fed mice exhibited hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia compared to those in the RD group (P<0.05). Kidney injury in these mice was indicated by an increase in the ratio of albumin to creatinine, glomerular hypertrophy, and the effacement of podocyte foot processes. Expression of intrarenal angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin II type I receptor, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-4, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was also markedly increased in HFD-fed mice. HFD-fed mice exhibited elevated SBP that was accompanied by an increase in the wall thickness and vascular cross-sectional area (P<0.05), 12 weeks post-HFD consumption. Treatment with THU (100 mg/kg/day) suppressed intrarenal RAS activation, improved insulin sensitivity, and reduced SBP, thus, attenuating kidney injury in these mice.
Conclusion
THU alleviated kidney injury in mice with HFD-induced type 2 diabetes, possibly by blunting the activation of the intrarenal RAS/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase IV (NOX4)/monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) axis and by lowering the high SBP.

Citations

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  • The Development of Dyslipidemia in Chronic Kidney Disease and Associated Cardiovascular Damage, and the Protective Effects of Curcuminoids
    Zeltzin Alejandra Ceja-Galicia, Ana Karina Aranda-Rivera, Isabel Amador-Martínez, Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo, Edilia Tapia, Joyce Trujillo, Victoria Ramírez, José Pedraza-Chaverri
    Foods.2023; 12(5): 921.     CrossRef
  • Translation Animal Models of Diabetic Kidney Disease: Biochemical and Histological Phenotypes, Advantages and Limitations
    Wenting Luo, Shiyun Tang, Xiang Xiao, Simin Luo, Zixuan Yang, Wei Huang, Songqi Tang
    Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity.2023; Volume 16: 1297.     CrossRef
  • Curcumin ameliorates focal segmental glomerulosclerosis by inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress in podocytes
    Hui Zhang, Qing-Qing Dong, Hua-Pan Shu, Yu-Chi Tu, Qian-Qian Liao, Li-Jun Yao
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics.2023; 746: 109728.     CrossRef
  • An examination of the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of curcumin, a polyphenol curcuminoid in diabetic nephropathy
    Xiaoyu Zhu, Xingli Xu, Chigang Du, Yanping Su, Lixue Yin, Xiaoqiu Tan, Hui Liu, Yiru Wang, Lei Xu, Xinghua Xu
    Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2022; 153: 113438.     CrossRef
  • An integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental study identified key biomarkers CD300A or CXCL1, pathways and immune infiltration in diabetic nephropathy mice
    WEI LIANG, QIANG LUO, ZONGWEI ZHANG, KEJU YANG, ANKANG YANG, QINGJIA CHI, HUAN HU
    BIOCELL.2022; 46(8): 1989.     CrossRef
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Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Non-Laboratory-Based Simple Screening Model for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Developed Using Multi-Center Cohorts
Jiwon Kim, Minyoung Lee, Soo Yeon Kim, Ji-Hye Kim, Ji Sun Nam, Sung Wan Chun, Se Eun Park, Kwang Joon Kim, Yong-ho Lee, Joo Young Nam, Eun Seok Kang
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):823-834.   Published online August 27, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1074
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  • 135 Download
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor that accelerates NAFLD progression, leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Thus, here we aimed to develop a simple model to predict the presence of NAFLD based on clinical parameters of patients with T2DM.
Methods
A total of 698 patients with T2DM who visited five medical centers were included. NAFLD was evaluated using transient elastography. Univariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify potential contributors to NAFLD, followed by multivariable logistic regression analyses to create the final prediction model for NAFLD.
Results
Two NAFLD prediction models were developed, with and without serum biomarker use. The non-laboratory model comprised six variables: age, sex, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), dyslipidemia, and smoking status. For a cutoff value of ≥60, the prediction accuracy was 0.780 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.743 to 0.817). The second comprehensive model showed an improved discrimination ability of up to 0.815 (95% CI, 0.782 to 0.847) and comprised seven variables: age, sex, waist circumference, BMI, glycated hemoglobin, triglyceride, and alanine aminotransferase to aspartate aminotransferase ratio. Our non-laboratory model showed non-inferiority in the prediction of NAFLD versus previously established models, including serum parameters.
Conclusion
The new models are simple and user-friendly screening methods that can identify individuals with T2DM who are at high-risk for NAFLD. Additional studies are warranted to validate these new models as useful predictive tools for NAFLD in clinical practice.

Citations

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  • Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—The Chicken or the Egg Dilemma
    Marcin Kosmalski, Agnieszka Śliwińska, Józef Drzewoski
    Biomedicines.2023; 11(4): 1097.     CrossRef
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Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Lower High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration Is Independently Associated with Greater Future Accumulation of Intra-Abdominal Fat
Sun Ok Song, You-Cheol Hwang, Han Uk Ryu, Steven E. Kahn, Donna L. Leonetti, Wilfred Y. Fujimoto, Edward J. Boyko
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):835-844.   Published online August 27, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1130
  • 4,226 View
  • 118 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Both intra-abdominal fat (IAF) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are known to be associated with cardiometabolic health. We evaluated whether the accumulation of computed tomography (CT)-measured IAF over 5 years was related to baseline HDL-C concentration in a prospective cohort study.
Methods
All participants were Japanese-Americans between the ages of 34 and 74 years. Plasma HDL-C concentration and CT measurements of IAF, abdominal subcutaneous fat (SCF), and thigh SCF cross-sectional areas were assessed at baseline and at 5-year follow-up visits.
Results
A total of 397 subjects without diabetes were included. The mean±standard deviation HDL-C concentration was 51.6±13.0 mg/dL in men and 66.0±17.0 mg/dL in women, and the IAF was 91.9±48.4 cm2 in men and 63.1±39.5 cm2 in women. The baseline plasma concentration of HDL-C was inversely associated with the change in IAF over 5 years using multivariable regression analysis with adjustment for age, sex, family history of diabetes, weight change over 5 years, and baseline measurements of body mass index, IAF, abdominal SCF, abdominal circumference, thigh SCF, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance.
Conclusion
These results demonstrate that HDL-C concentration significantly predicts future accumulation of IAF over 5 years independent of age, sex, insulin sensitivity, and body composition in Japanese-American men and women without diabetes.

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Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Increased Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Individuals with High Weight Variability
Inha Jung, Dae-Jeong Koo, Mi Yeon Lee, Sun Joon Moon, Hyemi Kwon, Se Eun Park, Eun-Jung Rhee, Won-Young Lee
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):845-854.   Published online August 27, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1098
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Weight loss through lifestyle modification is recommended for patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recent studies have suggested that repeated loss and gain of weight is associated with worse health outcomes. This study aimed to examine the association between weight variability and the risk of NAFLD in patients without diabetes.
Methods
We examined the health-checkup data of 30,708 participants who had undergone serial examinations between 2010 and 2014. Weight variability was assessed using coefficient of variation and the average successive variability of weight (ASVW), which was defined as the sum of absolute weight changes between successive years over the 5-year period divided by 4. The participants were classified according to the baseline body mass index and weight difference over 4 years.
Results
On dividing the participants into four groups according to ASVW quartile groups, those in the highest quartile showed a significantly increased risk of NAFLD compared to those in the lowest quartile (odds ratio [OR], 1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63 to 2.19). Among participants without obesity at baseline, individuals with high ASVW showed increased risk of NAFLD (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.61 to 2.01). Participants with increased weight over 4 years and high ASVW demonstrated higher risk of NAFLD compared to those with stable weight and low ASVW (OR, 4.87; 95% CI, 4.29 to 5.53).
Conclusion
Regardless of participant baseline obesity status, high weight variability was associated with an increased risk of developing NAFLD. Our results suggest that further effort is required to minimize weight fluctuations after achieving a desirable body weight.

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    Nutrients.2024; 16(5): 646.     CrossRef
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    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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