Endocrinology and Metabolism

From articles published in Endocrinology and Metabolism during the past two years (2023 ~ ).

Review Articles

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Big Data Articles (National Health Insurance Service Database)
Big Data Research in the Field of Endocrine Diseases Using the Korean National Health Information Database: Sun Wook Cho, Jung Hee Kim, Han Seok Choi, Hwa Young Ahn, Mee Kyoung Kim, Eun Jung Rhee; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(1):10-24. Published online February 9, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.102

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The Korean National Health Information Database (NHID) contains big data combining information obtained from the National Health Insurance Service and health examinations. Data are provided in the form of a cohort, and the NHID can be used to conduct longitudinal studies and research on rare diseases. Moreover, data on the cause and date of death are provided by Statistics Korea. Research and publications based on the NHID have increased explosively in the field of endocrine disorders. However, because the data were not collected for research purposes, studies using the NHID have limitations, particularly the need for the operational definition of diseases. In this review, we describe the characteristics of the Korean NHID, operational definitions of endocrine diseases used for research, and an overview of recent studies in endocrinology using the Korean NHID.

Citations

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Different Associations between Lipid Levels and Risk for Heart Failure according to Diabetes Progression
Seung-Hwan Lee, Kyu Na Lee, Jong-Chan Youn, Hun Sung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Mee Kyoung Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2025; 49(1): 105. CrossRef
Associations Between Physical Activity and the Risk of Hip Fracture Depending on Glycemic Status: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Kyoung Min Kim, Kyoung Jin Kim, Kyungdo Han, Yumie Rhee
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 109(3): e1194. CrossRef
Weight change in patients with new‐onset type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with remission: Comprehensive real‐world data
Jinyoung Kim, Bongseong Kim, Mee Kyoung Kim, Ki‐Hyun Baek, Ki‐Ho Song, Kyungdo Han, Hyuk‐Sang Kwon
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2024; 26(2): 567. CrossRef
Diabetes severity and the risk of depression: A nationwide population-based study
Yunjung Cho, Bongsung Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Kyungdo Han, Mee Kyoung Kim
Journal of Affective Disorders.2024; 351: 694. CrossRef
Information Bias Might Exaggerate Lung Cancer Risk of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Nobuyuki Horita, Kaoru Takase-Minegishi
Journal of Thoracic Oncology.2024; 19(2): 348. CrossRef
Diabetes Duration, Cholesterol Levels, and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Mee Kyoung Kim, Kyu Na Lee, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hwan Lee
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 109(12): e2317. CrossRef
Risk of fracture in patients with myasthenia gravis: a nationwide cohort study in Korea
Hye-Sun Park, Kyoungsu Kim, Min Heui Yu, Ha Young Shin, Yumie Rhee, Seung Woo Kim, Namki Hong
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research.2024; 39(6): 688. CrossRef
All-cause and cause-specific mortality risks in individuals with diabetes living alone: A large-scale population-based cohort study
Jae-Seung Yun, Kyungdo Han, Bongseong Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Yu-Bae Ahn, Yong-Moon Mark Park, Seung-Hwan Lee
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2024; 217: 111876. CrossRef
Epidemiology and Trends of Obesity and Bariatric Surgery in Korea
Kyungdo Han, Jin-Hyung Jung, Su-Min Jeong, Mee Kyoung Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(5): 678. CrossRef
Income-Related Disparities in Mortality Among Young Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Ji Yoon Kim, Sojeong Park, Minae Park, Nam Hoon Kim, Sin Gon Kim
JAMA Network Open.2024; 7(11): e2443918. CrossRef
Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination on Thyroid Disease in 7 Million Adult and 0.2 Million Adolescent Vaccine Recipients
Sungho Bea, Hwa Young Ahn, Jieun Woo, Ju-Young Shin, Sun Wook Cho
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Diabetes severity is strongly associated with the risk of active tuberculosis in people with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide cohort study with a 6-year follow-up
Ji Young Kang, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hwan Lee, Mee Kyoung Kim
Respiratory Research.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Research on obesity using the National Health Information Database: recent trends
Eun-Jung Rhee
Cardiovascular Prevention and Pharmacotherapy.2023; 5(2): 35. CrossRef
Pituitary Diseases and COVID-19 Outcomes in South Korea: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Jeonghoon Ha, Kyoung Min Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Keeho Song, Gi Hyeon Seo
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(14): 4799. CrossRef
Risk of Pancreatic Cancer and Use of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Propensity Score-Matching Analysis
Mee Kyoung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Soon Jib Yoo
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(4): 426. CrossRef
Prevalence, Treatment Status, and Comorbidities of Hyperthyroidism in Korea from 2003 to 2018: A Nationwide Population Study
Hwa Young Ahn, Sun Wook Cho, Mi Young Lee, Young Joo Park, Bon Seok Koo, Hang-Seok Chang, Ka Hee Yi
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(4): 436. CrossRef
Is Thyroid Dysfunction Associated with Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms? A Population-Based, Nested Case–Control Study from Korea
Hyeree Park, Sun Wook Cho, Sung Ho Lee, Kangmin Kim, Hyun-Seung Kang, Jeong Eun Kim, Aesun Shin, Won-Sang Cho
Thyroid®.2023; 33(12): 1483. CrossRef
Risk of Cause-Specific Mortality across Glucose Spectrum in Elderly People: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Joonyub Lee, Hun-Sung Kim, Kee-Ho Song, Soon Jib Yoo, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hwan Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(5): 525. CrossRef
Risk of depression in patients with acromegaly in Korea (2006-2016): a nationwide population-based study
Shinje Moon, Sangmo Hong, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park
European Journal of Endocrinology.2023; 189(3): 363. CrossRef
Cumulative effect of impaired fasting glucose on the risk of dementia in middle-aged and elderly people: a nationwide cohort study
Jin Yu, Kyu-Na Lee, Hun-Sung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hwan Lee
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Long-Term Cumulative Exposure to High γ-Glutamyl Transferase Levels and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Han-Sang Baek, Bongseong Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee, Dong-Jun Lim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Sang-Ah Chang, Kyungdo Han, Jae-Seung Yun
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(6): 770. CrossRef
Increased Risk of Hip Fracture in Patients with Acromegaly: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea
Jiwon Kim, Namki Hong, Jimi Choi, Ju Hyung Moon, Eui Hyun Kim, Eun Jig Lee, Sin Gon Kim, Cheol Ryong Ku
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(6): 690. CrossRef

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Renal Protection of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist, Finerenone, in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Dong-Lim Kim, Seung-Eun Lee, Nan Hee Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(1):43-55. Published online February 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1629

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). CKD increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases; therefore, its prevention and treatment are important. The prevention of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) can be achieved through intensive glycemic control and blood pressure management. Additionally, DKD treatment aims to reduce albuminuria and improve kidney function. In patients with T2DM, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists can delay the progression of DKD. Hence, there is a need for novel treatments that can effectively suppress DKD progression. Finerenone is a first-in-class nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist with clinically proven efficacy in improving albuminuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and risk of cardiovascular events in early and advanced DKD. Therefore, finerenone is a promising treatment option to delay DKD progression. This article reviews the mechanism of renal effects and major clinical outcomes of finerenone in DKD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Neue Antihypertensiva im Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System
Markus van der Giet
CardioVasc.2024; 24(1): 33. CrossRef
Chicoric acid advanced PAQR3 ubiquitination to ameliorate ferroptosis in diabetes nephropathy through the relieving of the interaction between PAQR3 and P110α pathway
Weiwei Zhang, Yong Liu, Jiajun Zhou, Teng Qiu, Haitang Xie, Zhichen Pu
Clinical and Experimental Hypertension.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Endothelial CXCR2 deficiency attenuates renal inflammation and glycocalyx shedding through NF-κB signaling in diabetic kidney disease
Siyuan Cui, Xin Chen, Jiayu Li, Wei Wang, Deqi Meng, Shenglong Zhu, Shiwei Shen
Cell Communication and Signaling.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular Targets of Novel Therapeutics for Diabetic Kidney Disease: A New Era of Nephroprotection
Alessio Mazzieri, Francesca Porcellati, Francesca Timio, Gianpaolo Reboldi
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(7): 3969. CrossRef
Rediscovery of the implication of albuminuria in heart failure: emerging classic index for cardiorenal interaction
Kyung‐Duk Min, Yuki Matsumoto, Masanori Asakura, Masaharu Ishihara
ESC Heart Failure.2024; 11(6): 3470. CrossRef
Decoding the role of aldosterone in glycation-induced diabetic complications
Mayura Apte, Saee Zambre, Pratiksha Pisar, Bishnudeo Roy, Rashmi Tupe
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.2024; 721: 150107. CrossRef
Exploring the potential of finerenone in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease: a promising frontier
Ayesha Maryam, Muhammad Salman Nadeem, Ayesha Fatima, Kashaf Noor Asmat
International Urology and Nephrology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A new perspective on proteinuria and drug therapy for diabetic kidney disease
Ruimin Zhang, Qian Wang, Yaqing Li, Qihu Li, Xuefeng Zhou, Xiangmei Chen, Zheyi Dong
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular Therapeutics for Diabetic Kidney Disease: An Update
Man Guo, Fangfang He, Chun Zhang
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(18): 10051. CrossRef
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interaction of Finerenone with Diltiazem, Fluconazole, and Ritonavir in Rats
Tham Thi Bui, So-Hyeon Kim, Woojin Jung, Sung-yoon Yang, Quyen Thi Tran, Hyunjung Lee, Seongwon Park, Lien Thi Ngo, Hwi-yeol Yun, Jung-woo CHAE
European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics.2024; 49(6): 701. CrossRef
A comprehensive review of finerenone—a third-generation non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
Shuhui Zhai, Baisheng Ma, Weiwei Chen, Qini Zhao
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Exercise as a therapeutic approach to alleviate diabetic kidney disease: mechanisms, clinical evidence and potential exercise prescriptions
Rao Fan, Jianda Kong, Jiahao Zhang, Lei Zhu
Frontiers in Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Omics Studies in CKD: Diagnostic Opportunities and Therapeutic Potential
Merita Rroji, Goce Spasovski
PROTEOMICS.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitors for Cardiorenal Protection: Ready for Prime Time?
Alessio Mazzieri, Francesca Timio, Francesco Patera, Francesco Trepiccione, Mario Bonomini, Gianpaolo Reboldi
Kidney and Blood Pressure Research.2024; 49(1): 1041. CrossRef
Finerenone: a breakthrough mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist for heart failure, diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Akshyaya Pradhan, Umesh Chandra Tripathi
The Egyptian Heart Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Epigenetic modification in diabetic kidney disease
Zhe Liu, Jiahui Liu, Wanning Wang, Xingna An, Ling Luo, Dehai Yu, Weixia Sun
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Novel Approaches in Chronic Renal Failure without Renal Replacement Therapy: A Review
Sandra Martínez-Hernández, Martín Muñoz-Ortega, Manuel Ávila-Blanco, Mariana Medina-Pizaño, Javier Ventura-Juárez
Biomedicines.2023; 11(10): 2828. CrossRef
Finerenone and other future therapeutic options for Alport syndrome
Helen Pearce, Holly Mabillard
Journal of Rare Diseases.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Calcium & bone metabolism
Acromegaly and Bone: An Update: Andrea Giustina; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(6):655-666. Published online December 22, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.601

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Since our discovery in 2006 that acromegaly is associated with an increased risk of vertebral fractures, many authors have confirmed this finding in both cross-sectional and prospective studies. Due to the high epidemiological and clinical impact of this newly discovered comorbidity of acromegaly, this topic has progressively become more important and prominent over the years, and the pertinent literature has been enriched by new findings on the pathophysiology and treatment. The aim of this narrative review was to discuss these novel findings, integrating them with the seminal observations, in order to give the reader an updated view of how the field of acromegaly and bone is developing, from strong clinical observations to a mechanistic understanding and possible prevention and treatment.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

New insights into the vitamin D/PTH axis in endocrine-driven metabolic bone diseases
Luigi di Filippo, John P. Bilezikian, Ernesto Canalis, Umberto Terenzi, Andrea Giustina
Endocrine.2024; 85(3): 1007. CrossRef
Bone health and skeletal fragility in second- and third-line medical therapies for acromegaly: preliminary results from a pilot single center experience
Sabrina Chiloiro, Antonella Giampietro, Amato Infante, Pier Paolo Mattogno, Liverana Lauretti, Alessandro Olivi, Laura De Marinis, Alfredo Pontecorvi, Francesco Doglietto, Antonio Bianchi
Pituitary.2024; 27(3): 303. CrossRef
Standards of care for medical management of acromegaly in pituitary tumor centers of excellence (PTCOE)
Andrea Giustina, M. M. Uygur, S. Frara, A. Barkan, N. R. Biermasz, P. Chanson, P. Freda, M. Gadelha, L. Haberbosch, U. B. Kaiser, S. Lamberts, E. Laws, L. B. Nachtigall, V. Popovic, M. Reincke, A. J. van der Lely, J. A. H. Wass, S. Melmed, F. F. Casanueva
Pituitary.2024; 27(4): 381. CrossRef
Vertebral fractures in patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas - a new frontier?
Nicholas A. Tritos
Pituitary.2024; 27(4): 311. CrossRef
Suspected silent pituitary somatotroph neuroendocrine tumor associated with acromegaly-like bone disorders: a case report
Tongxin Xiao, Xinxin Mao, Ou Wang, Yong Yao, Kan Deng, Huijuan Zhu, Lian Duan
BMC Endocrine Disorders.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Skeletal fragility in pituitary disease: how can we predict fracture risk?
Fabio Bioletto, Alessandro Maria Berton, Marco Barale, Luigi Simone Aversa, Lorenzo Sauro, Michela Presti, Francesca Mocellini, Noemi Sagone, Ezio Ghigo, Massimo Procopio, Silvia Grottoli
Pituitary.2024; 27(6): 789. CrossRef
Vitamin D in pituitary driven osteopathies
Sabrina Chiloiro, Flavia Costanza, Elena Riccardi, Antonella Giampietro, Laura De Marinis, Antonio Bianchi, Alfredo Pontecorvi, Andrea Giustina
Pituitary.2024; 27(6): 847. CrossRef
GH receptor polymorphisms guide second-line therapies to prevent acromegaly skeletal fragility: preliminary results of a pilot study
Sabrina Chiloiro, Flavia Costanza, Antonella Giampietro, Amato Infante, Pier Paolo Mattogno, Flavia Angelini, Consolato Gullì, Liverana Lauretti, Mario Rigante, Alessandro Olivi, Laura De Marinis, Francesco Doglietto, Antonio Bianchi, Alfredo Pontecorvi
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Vitamin D and hip protectors in osteosarcopenia: a combined hip fracture preventing approach
Alessandro Giustina, Andrea Giustina
Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Growth hormone and bone: a basic perspective
Simona Bolamperti, Isabella Villa, Luigi di Filippo
Pituitary.2024; 27(6): 745. CrossRef
Approach to the patient with controlled acromegaly and acromegalic arthropathy: clinical diagnosis and management
Iris C. M. Pelsma, Herman M. Kroon, Cornelie D. Andela, Enrike M. J. van der Linden, Margreet Kloppenburg, Nienke R. Biermasz, Kim M. J. A. Claessen
Pituitary.2024; 27(6): 824. CrossRef
Modern approach to bone comorbidity in prolactinoma
Meliha Melin Uygur, Sara Menotti, Simona Santoro, Andrea Giustina
Pituitary.2024; 27(6): 802. CrossRef
Novel approach to bone comorbidity in resistant acromegaly
Stefano Frara, Matteo Acanfora, Vincenzo Franzese, Maria Luisa Brandi, Marco Losa, Andrea Giustina
Pituitary.2024; 27(6): 813. CrossRef

Original Article

Diabetes, obesity and metabolism
Triglyceride-Glucose Index Predicts Future Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases: A 16-Year Follow-up in a Prospective, Community-Dwelling Cohort Study: Joon Ho Moon, Yongkang Kim, Tae Jung Oh, Jae Hoon Moon, Soo Heon Kwak, Kyong Soo Park, Hak Chul Jang, Sung Hee Choi, Nam H. Cho; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(4):406-417. Published online August 3, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1703

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Background
While the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a measure of insulin resistance, its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) has not been well elucidated. We evaluated the TyG index for prediction of CVDs in a prospective large communitybased cohort.
Methods
Individuals 40 to 70 years old were prospectively followed for a median 15.6 years. The TyG index was calculated as the Ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL)×fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. CVDs included any acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease or cerebrovascular disease. We used a Cox proportional hazards model to estimate CVD risks according to quartiles of the TyG index and plotted the receiver operating characteristics curve for the incident CVD.
Results
Among 8,511 subjects (age 51.9±8.8 years; 47.5% males), 931 (10.9%) had incident CVDs during the follow-up. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, total cholesterol, smoking, alcohol, exercise, and C-reactive protein, subjects in the highest TyG quartile had 36% increased risk of incident CVD compared with the lowest TyG quartile (hazard ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.10 to 1.68). Carotid plaque, assessed by ultrasonography was more frequent in subjects in the higher quartile of TyG index (P for trend=0.049 in men and P for trend <0.001 in women). The TyG index had a higher predictive power for CVDs than the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (area under the curve, 0.578 for TyG and 0.543 for HOMA-IR). Adding TyG index on diabetes or hypertension alone gave sounder predictability for CVDs.
Conclusion
The TyG index is independently associated with future CVDs in 16 years of follow-up in large, prospective Korean cohort.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Analysis of the correlation between the serum triglyceride glucose index and the risk of death in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: a retrospective cohort study
Xiaokeng Chi, Shuxin Chen, Zhe Huang, Rong Zhou, Zhicheng Su, Qiujun Mai, Yilin Xu, Jianxin Wan
PeerJ.2025; 13: e18781. CrossRef
Construction and validation of a nomogram for predicting diabetes remission at 3 months after bariatric surgery in patients with obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Kaisheng Yuan, Bing Wu, Ruiqi Zeng, Fuqing Zhou, Ruixiang Hu, Cunchuan Wang
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2024; 26(1): 169. CrossRef
Association between the triglyceride glucose index and chronic total coronary occlusion: A cross-sectional study from southwest China
Kaiyong Xiao, Huili Cao, Bin Yang, Zhe Xv, Lian Xiao, Jianping Wang, Shuiqing Ni, Hui Feng, Zhongwei He, Lei Xv, Juan Li, Dongmei Xv
Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.2024; 34(4): 850. CrossRef
The association between TyG and all-cause/non-cardiovascular mortality in general patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is modified by age: results from the cohort study of NHANES 1999–2018
Younan Yao, Bo Wang, Tian Geng, Jiyan Chen, Wan Chen, Liwen Li
Cardiovascular Diabetology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of triglyceride glucose index and modified triglyceride glucose indices in prediction of cardiovascular diseases in middle aged and older Chinese adults
Cancan Cui, Yitian Qi, Jiayin Song, Xinyun Shang, Tianjiao Han, Ning Han, Siqi Yue, Yining Zha, Zhonghang Xu, Jiannan Li, Lin Liu
Cardiovascular Diabetology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Triglyceride-glucose index predicts type 2 diabetes mellitus more effectively than oral glucose tolerance test-derived insulin sensitivity and secretion markers
Min Jin Lee, Ji Hyun Bae, Ah Reum Khang, Dongwon Yi, Mi Sook Yun, Yang Ho Kang
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2024; 210: 111640. CrossRef
Prognostic value of triglyceride-glucose index for left ventricular remodeling in nondiabetic ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients
Tolga Han Efe, Engin Algül
Biomarkers in Medicine.2024; 18(6): 243. CrossRef
Triglyceride-Glucose Index as Predictor for Hypertension, CHD and STROKE Risk among Non-Diabetic Patients: A NHANES Cross-Sectional Study 2001–2020
Bisher Sawaf, Sarya Swed, Hidar Alibrahim, Haidara Bohsas, Tirth Dave, Mohamad Nour Nasif, Wael Hafez, Fatema Ali Asgar Tashrifwala, Yazan Khair Eldien Jabban, Safwan Al-Rassas, Heba haj Saleh, Abdul Rehman Zia Zaidi, Baraa Alghalyini, Shaymaa Abdelmaboud
Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health.2024; 14(3): 1152. CrossRef
An Increasing Triglyceride–Glucose Index Is Associated with a Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Oxidant Phenotype
Beverley Adams-Huet, Ishwarlal Jialal
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(13): 3941. CrossRef
Elevated triglyceride-glucose index as a predictor of carotid plaque incidence: Insights from a comprehensive meta-analysis
Arankesh Mahadevan, Bhavin A. Patel, Sashwath Srikanth, Raja Godasi, Rupak Desai
The American Journal of the Medical Sciences.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Inflammatory and Metabolic Predictors of Mortality in Pulmonary Thromboembolism: A Focus on the Triglyceride–Glucose Index and Pan-Immune Inflammation Value
Murat Bilgin, Emre Akkaya, Recep Dokuyucu
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(19): 6008. CrossRef
The role of the triglyceride-glucose index as a biomarker of cardio-metabolic syndromes
Verena Gounden, Sridevi Devaraj, Ishwarlal Jialal
Lipids in Health and Disease.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of the novel three lipid indices for predicting five- and ten-year incidence of cardiovascular disease: findings from Kerman coronary artery disease risk factors study (KERCADRS)
Alireza Jafari, Hamid Najafipour, Mitra Shadkam, Sina Aminizadeh
Lipids in Health and Disease.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Review Article

Diabetes, obesity and metabolism
The Road towards Triple Agonists: Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Glucagon Receptor - An Update: Agnieszka Jakubowska, Carel W. le Roux, Adie Viljoen; Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(1):12-22. Published online February 14, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.1942

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Obesity is the fifth leading risk factor for global deaths with numbers continuing to increase worldwide. In the last 20 years, the emergence of pharmacological treatments for obesity based on gastrointestinal hormones has transformed the therapeutic landscape. The successful development of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, followed by the synergistic combined effect of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/GLP-1 receptor agonists achieved remarkable weight loss and glycemic control in those with the diseases of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The multiple cardiometabolic benefits include improving glycemic control, lipid profiles, blood pressure, inflammation, and hepatic steatosis. The 2023 phase 2 double-blind, randomized controlled trial evaluating a GLP-1/GIP/glucagon receptor triagonist (retatrutide) in patients with the disease of obesity reported 24.2% weight loss at 48 weeks with 12 mg retatrutide. This review evaluates the current available evidence for GLP-1 receptor agonists, dual GLP-1/GIP receptor co-agonists with a focus on GLP-1/GIP/glucagon receptor triagonists and discusses the potential future benefits and research directions.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

New Mechanisms to Prevent Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction Using Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonism (GLP-1 RA) in Metabolic Syndrome and in Type 2 Diabetes: A Review
Jorge E. Jalil, Luigi Gabrielli, María Paz Ocaranza, Paul MacNab, Rodrigo Fernández, Bruno Grassi, Paulina Jofré, Hugo Verdejo, Monica Acevedo, Samuel Cordova, Luis Sanhueza, Douglas Greig
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(8): 4407. CrossRef
New Molecules in Type 2 Diabetes: Advancements, Challenges and Future Directions
Kyriazoula Chatzianagnostou, Melania Gaggini, Adrian Suman Florentin, Ludovica Simonini, Cristina Vassalle
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(11): 6218. CrossRef
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, anti-diabetic drugs in heart failure and cognitive impairment: potential mechanisms of the protective effects
Maria Antonietta Riemma, Elena Mele, Maria Donniacuo, Marialucia Telesca, Gabriella Bellocchio, Giuseppe Castaldo, Francesco Rossi, Antonella De Angelis, Donato Cappetta, Konrad Urbanek, Liberato Berrino
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Mechanisms of Glucagon Receptor Agonism and GLP-1/Glucagon/GIP Receptor Triple Agonism for Treatment of Diabetes and Obesity
Se Hee Min
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2024; 25(2): 82. CrossRef
Structural insights into the triple agonism at GLP-1R, GIPR and GCGR manifested by retatrutide
Wenzhuo Li, Qingtong Zhou, Zhaotong Cong, Qingning Yuan, Wenxin Li, Fenghui Zhao, H. Eric Xu, Li-Hua Zhao, Dehua Yang, Ming-Wei Wang
Cell Discovery.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular Mechanisms behind Obesity and Their Potential Exploitation in Current and Future Therapy
Michał Nicze, Adrianna Dec, Maciej Borówka, Damian Krzyżak, Aleksandra Bołdys, Łukasz Bułdak, Bogusław Okopień
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(15): 8202. CrossRef
Semaglutide “Ozempic” Face and Implications in Cosmetic Dermatology
Karen Montecinos, Barbara Kania, David J. Goldberg
Dermatological Reviews.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and SGLT2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes: Pleiotropic Cardiometabolic Effects and Add-on Value of a Combined Therapy
André J. Scheen
Drugs.2024; 84(11): 1347. CrossRef
Retatrutide
Nathan Ramsbacher
Clinical Diabetes.2024; 42(4): 579. CrossRef
The power of three: Retatrutide's role in modern obesity and diabetes therapy
Toufik Abdul-Rahman, Poulami Roy, Fatma Kamal Ahmed, Jann Ludwig Mueller-Gomez, Sarmistha Sarkar, Neil Garg, Victor Oluwafemi Femi-Lawal, Andrew Awuah Wireko, Hala Ibrahim Thaalibi, Muhammad Usman Hashmi, Andrew Sefenu Dzebu, Sewar Basheer Banimusa, Aayus
European Journal of Pharmacology.2024; 985: 177095. CrossRef
Old and new anti-obesity drugs
Salimeh Dodangeh, Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar
Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Innovative approaches to the treatment of obesity: from pharmacotherapy to nanomedicine
T. I. Romantsova
Obesity and metabolism.2024; 21(4): 389. CrossRef

Original Articles

Thyroid Thyroid Cancer Screening
A Comprehensive Assessment of the Harms of Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy for Thyroid Nodules: A Systematic Review: Ji Yong Park, Wonsuk Choi, A Ram Hong, Jee Hee Yoon, Hee Kyung Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(1):104-116. Published online February 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1669

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Background
There have concerns related with the potential harms of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). We aimed to summarize the clinical complications and evaluate the safety of FNAB.
Methods
Studies related with the harms of FNAB were searched on MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane library, and KoreaMed from 2012 to 2022. Also, studies reviewed in the previous systematic reviews were evaluated. Included clinical complications were postprocedural pain, bleeding events, neurological symptoms, tracheal puncture, infections, post-FNAB thyrotoxicosis, and needle tract implantation of thyroid cancers.
Results
Twenty-three cohort studies were included in this review. Nine studies which were related with FNAB-related pain showed that most of the subjects had no or mild discomfort. The 0% to 6.4% of the patients had hematoma or hemorrhage after FNAB, according to 15 studies. Vasovagal reaction, vocal cord palsy, and tracheal puncture have rarely described in the included studies. Needle tract implantation of thyroid malignancies was described in three studies reporting 0.02% to 0.19% of the incidence rate.
Conclusion
FNAB is considered to be a safe diagnostic procedure with rare complications, which are mainly minor events. Thorough assessement of the patients’ medical condition when deciding to perform FNABs would be advisable to lower potential complications.

Citations

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Ethics of Elective Whole‐Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Head and Neck Findings
Tony Chung, Shiven Sharma, Eric M. Genden, Jacob M. Appel
Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A Narrative Review of the 2023 Korean Thyroid Association Management Guideline for Patients with Thyroid Nodules
Eun Kyung Lee, Young Joo Park, Chan Kwon Jung, Dong Gyu Na
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(1): 61. CrossRef
Fine-needle aspiration cytology for neck lesions in patients with antithrombotic/anticoagulant medications: systematic review and meta-analysis
Dongbin Ahn, Ji Hye Kwak, Gill Joon Lee, Jin Ho Sohn
European Radiology.2024; 34(10): 6843. CrossRef
2023 Update of the Korean Thyroid Association Guidelines for the Management of Thyroid Nodules
Eun Kyung Lee, Young Joo Park
Clinical Thyroidology®.2024; 36(4): 153. CrossRef
Korean Thyroid Association Guidelines on the Management of Differentiated Thyroid Cancers; Part II. Follow-up Surveillance after Initial Treatment 2024
Mijin Kim, Ji-In Bang, Ho-Cheol Kang, Sun Wook Kim, Dong Gyu Na, Young Joo Park, Youngduk Seo, Young Shin Song, So Won Oh, Sang-Woo Lee, Eun Kyung Lee, Ji Ye Lee, Dong-Jun Lim, Ari Chong, Yun Jae Chung, Chae Moon Hong, Min Kyoung Lee, Bo Hyun Kim
International Journal of Thyroidology.2024; 17(1): 115. CrossRef
Needle size for thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology. A single institution experience
Pasquale Cianci, Rocco Tumolo, Ivana Conversano, Damiano Travaglia, Giuseppe Trigiante, Giuliano Lantone, Vincenzo Lizzi, Miriam Cappiello, Marco Montagna, Fabio Pio Curci, Enrico Restini
Frontiers in Surgery.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Important Role of Ultrasonography Immediately After Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Thyroid Nodules to Detect Acute Transient Thyroid Swelling
Kouichi Yoshimoto, Shinya Satoh, Hisakazu Shindo, Kento Katsuyama, Daisuke Tatsushima, Takashi Fukuda, Seigo Tachibana, Yusuke Mori, Hiroshi Takahashi, Yuji Nagayama, Hiroyuki Yamashita
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessing the feasibility of ChatGPT-4o and Claude 3-Opus in thyroid nodule classification based on ultrasound images
Ziman Chen, Nonhlanhla Chambara, Chaoqun Wu, Xina Lo, Shirley Yuk Wah Liu, Simon Takadiyi Gunda, Xinyang Han, Jingguo Qu, Fei Chen, Michael Tin Cheung Ying
Endocrine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
To Screen or Not to Screen?
Do Joon Park
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(1): 69. CrossRef
Thyroid Cancer Screening: How to Maximize Its Benefits and Minimize Its Harms
Jung Hwan Baek
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(1): 75. CrossRef
Evaluation of the Appropriateness of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration
Lairce Cristina Ribeiro Brito, Iara Beatriz De Carvalho Botêlho, Lanna Matos Silva Fernandes, Nayze Lucena Sangreman Aldeman, Uziel Nunes Silva
International Journal for Innovation Education and Research.2023; 11(6): 8. CrossRef
A Retrospective Analysis of Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy for Thyroid Diseases Indicating Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
Yoshiyuki SAITO, Wataru KITAGAWA, Ryohei KATOH, Takashi AMANO, Ai MATSUI, Yoko KUGA, Chie MASAKI, Junko AKAISHI, Ritsuko OKAMURA, Akifumi SUZUKI, Kenichi MATSUZU, Mitsuji NAGAHAMA, Kiminori SUGINO, Koichi ITO
Nihon Rinsho Geka Gakkai Zasshi (Journal of Japan Surgical Association).2023; 84(12): 1835. CrossRef

Diabetes, obesity and metabolism
Efficacy and Safety of Omarigliptin, a Novel Once-Weekly Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor, in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: A.B.M. Kamrul-Hasan, Muhammad Shah Alam, Samir Kumar Talukder, Deep Dutta, Shahjada Selim; Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(1):109-126. Published online January 23, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1839

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Background
No recent meta-analysis has holistically analyzed and summarized the efficacy and safety of omarigliptin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We conducted a meta-analysis to address this knowledge gap.
Methods
Electronic databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included patients with T2DM who received omarigliptin in the intervention arm. The control arm consisted of either a placebo (passive control group [PCG]) or an active comparator (active control group [ACG]). The primary outcome assessed was changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), while secondary outcomes included variations in glucose levels, achievement of glycemic targets, adverse events (AEs), and hypoglycemic events.
Results
From 332 initially screened articles, data from 16 RCTs involving 8,804 subjects were analyzed. Omarigliptin demonstrated superiority over placebo in reducing HbA1c levels (mean difference, –0.58%; 95% confidence interval, –0.75 to –0.40; P<0.00001; I²=91%). Additionally, omarigliptin outperformed placebo in lowering fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour postprandial glucose, and in the percentage of participants achieving HbA1c levels below 7.0% and 6.5%. The glycemic efficacy of omarigliptin was similar to that of the ACG across all measures. Although the omarigliptin group experienced a higher incidence of hypoglycemic events compared to the PCG, the overall AEs, serious AEs, hypoglycemia, and severe hypoglycemia were comparable between the omarigliptin and control groups (PCG and ACG).
Conclusion
Omarigliptin has a favorable glycemic efficacy and safety profile for managing T2DM.

Citations

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Renal effects and safety of tirzepatide in subjects with and without diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
A B M Kamrul-Hasan, Shinjan Patra, Deep Dutta, Lakshmi Nagendra, AFM Muntahi-Reza, Sanja Borozan, Joseph M Pappachan
World Journal of Diabetes.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Role of flibanserin in managing hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women: A systematic review and meta-analysis
A.B.M. Kamrul-Hasan, Mohammad Abdul Hannan, Muhammad Shah Alam, Fatema Tuz Zahura Aalpona, Lakshmi Nagendra, Shahjada Selim, Deep Dutta
Medicine.2024; 103(25): e38592. CrossRef
Teneligliptin: A potential therapeutic approach for diabetic cardiomyopathy
Ashraf Al Madhoun
World Journal of Diabetes.2024; 15(8): 1654. CrossRef
Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Related Signaling Pathways in Neuroprotection
Maja Jazvinšćak Jembrek
Antioxidants.2024; 13(9): 1033. CrossRef
Safety and Efficacy of the Novel RNA Interference Therapies for Hypertriglyceridemia and Mixed Hyperlipidemia Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
A.B.M. Kamrul-Hasan, Deep Dutta, Lakshmi Nagendra, Sunetra Mondal, Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Sanjay Kalra
Endocrine Practice.2024; 30(11): 1103. CrossRef
Hepatobiliary effects and safety of tirzepatide: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
A. B. M. Kamrul‐Hasan, Deep Dutta, Lakshmi Nagendra, Mohammad Shafi Kuchay, Md. Saiful Islam, Joseph M. Pappachan
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2024; 26(12): 6074. CrossRef
Efficacy and Safety of Ertugliflozin Compared to Placebo in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
A. B. M. Kamrul-Hasan, Muhammad Shah Alam, Samir Kumar Talukder, Mohammad Abdul Hannan, Deep Dutta, Lakshmi Nagendra, Shahjada Selim, Eusebio Chiefari
Journal of Diabetes Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Once-Weekly Tirzepatide Versus Once-Daily Basal Insulin in Managing Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Oral anti-Hyperglycemic Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
A.B.M. Kamrul-Hasan, Shahjada Selim, Faria Afsana, Lakshmi Nagendra, Rezwana Ahmed, Deep Dutta
Endocrine Practice.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Optimal Use of Once-Weekly Basal Insulin Efsitora Alfa in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Deep Dutta, Lakshmi Nagendra, Manoj Kumar, A.B.M. Kamrul-Hasan, Saptarshi Bhattacharya
Endocrine Practice.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Neuropsychiatric effects of tirzepatide: a systematic review and meta-analysis
A.B.M. Kamrul-Hasan, Sanja Borozan, Deep Dutta, Lakshmi Nagendra, Dina Shrestha, Joseph M. Pappachan
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Pancreatic Safety of Tirzepatide and Its Effects on Islet Cell Function: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
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Review Articles

Calcium & bone metabolism
Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Regulation of Osteoclastogenesis and Osteoblastogenesis: Brendan F. Boyce, Jinbo Li, Zhenqiang Yao, Lianping Xing; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(5):504-521. Published online September 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.501

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Maintenance of skeletal integrity requires the coordinated activity of multinucleated bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. Osteoclasts form resorption lacunae on bone surfaces in response to cytokines by fusion of precursor cells. Osteoblasts are derived from mesenchymal precursors and lay down new bone in resorption lacunae during bone remodeling. Nuclear factorkappa B (NF-κB) signaling regulates osteoclast and osteoblast formation and is activated in osteoclast precursors in response to the essential osteoclastogenic cytokine, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), which can also control osteoblast formation through RANK-RANKL reverse signaling in osteoblast precursors. RANKL and some pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), activate NF-κB signaling to positively regulate osteoclast formation and functions. However, these cytokines also limit osteoclast and osteoblast formation through NF-κB signaling molecules, including TNF receptor-associated factors (TRAFs). TRAF6 mediates RANKL-induced osteoclast formation through canonical NF-κB signaling. In contrast, TRAF3 limits RANKL- and TNF-induced osteoclast formation, and it restricts transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-induced inhibition of osteoblast formation in young and adult mice. During aging, neutrophils expressing TGFβ and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) increase in bone marrow of mice in response to increased NF-κB-induced CC motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) expression by mesenchymal progenitor cells and injection of these neutrophils into young mice decreased bone mass. TGFβ causes degradation of TRAF3, resulting in decreased glycogen synthase kinase-3β/β-catenin-mediated osteoblast formation and age-related osteoporosis in mice. The CCR5 inhibitor, maraviroc, prevented accumulation of TGFβ+/CCR5+ neutrophils in bone marrow and increased bone mass by inhibiting bone resorption and increasing bone formation in aged mice. This paper updates current understanding of how NF-κB signaling is involved in the positive and negative regulation of cytokine-mediated osteoclast and osteoblast formation and activation with a focus on the role of TRAF3 signaling, which can be targeted therapeutically to enhance bone mass.

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International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(4): 2117. CrossRef
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Hao Luo, Linfeng Li, Song Han, Tao Liu
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Anti-arthritic and immunomodulatory efficacy of Micromeria biflora Benth extract and its fractions in rats by restoring oxidative stress, metalloproteinases, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines network
Fakhria A. Al-Joufi, Ambreen Malik Uttra, Sumera Qasim, Urooj Iqbal, Nabeela Tabassum Sial, Noura M. Alhumaid
Inflammopharmacology.2024; 32(4): 2477. CrossRef
Evaluation of Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Diabetic Wistar Rats with Periodontal Disease
Ioana Scrobota, Ioan Andrei Tig, Andrea Olivia Marcu, Georgiana Ioana Potra Cicalau, Liliana Sachelarie, Gilda Iova
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2024; 14(5): 527. CrossRef
The role of magnesium in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis
Lin Liu, Pan Luo, Pengfei Wen, Peng Xu
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Current Perspectives of Protein in Bone Tissue Engineering: Bone Structure, Ideal Scaffolds, Fabrication Techniques, Applications, Scopes, and Future Advances
Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan, Muhammad Azhar Aslam, Mohd Faizal Bin Abdullah, Goran M. Stojanović
ACS Applied Bio Materials.2024; 7(8): 5082. CrossRef
Effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 and osteoprotegerin-Fc in MC3T3-E1 cells: beyond challenges to success
Chang Hoon Lee
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Promotion of Bone Formation in a Rat Osteoporotic Vertebral Body Defect Model via Suppression of Osteoclastogenesis by Ectopic Embryonic Calvaria Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Yerin Yu, Somin Lee, Minsung Bock, Seong Bae An, Hae Eun Shin, Jong Seop Rim, Jun-oh Kwon, Kwang-Sook Park, Inbo Han
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(15): 8174. CrossRef
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Yingying Jiang, Xiaogang Luo, Zhanpeng Zheng, Shun Wen, Hongwei Gao, Cheng Xu, Min Jiang, Siyuan Wang
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Miscellaneous
Brown Adipose Tissue: Activation and Metabolism in Humans: Imane Hachemi, Mueez U-Din; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(2):214-222. Published online March 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1659

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Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ contributing to non-shivering thermogenesis. BAT becomes active under cold stress via sympathetic nervous system activation. However, recent evidence has suggested that BAT may also be active at thermoneutrality and in a postprandial state. BAT has superior energy dissipation capacity compared to white adipose tissue (WAT) and muscles. Thus, it has been proposed that the recruitment and activation of additional BAT may increase the overall energy-expending capacity in humans, potentially improving current whole-body weight management strategies. Nutrition plays a central role in obesity and weight management. Thus, this review discusses human studies describing BAT hyper-metabolism after dietary interventions. Nutritional agents that can potentially recruit brown adipocytes via the process of BAT-WAT transdifferentiation are also discussed.

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Yuxiu Li, Zimengwei Ye, Yi Zhao, Bingrui Xu, Wanying Xue, Zhufeng Wang, Ran An, Fan Wang, Rui Wu
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Original Articles

Diabetes, obesity and metabolism
Inhibition of Fatty Acid β-Oxidation by Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 Induces Ferroptosis in HK2 Cells Under High Glucose Conditions: Jiasi Chen, Keping Wu, Yan Lei, Mingcheng Huang, Lokyu Cheng, Hui Guan, Jiawen Lin, Ming Zhong, Xiaohua Wang, Zhihua Zheng; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(2):226-244. Published online April 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1604

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Background
Ferroptosis, which is caused by an iron-dependent accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides, is a type of cell death linked to diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Previous research has shown that fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is involved in the regulation of ferroptosis in diabetic retinopathy. The present study was constructed to explore the role of FABP4 in the regulation of ferroptosis in DKD.
Methods
We first detected the expression of FABP4 and proteins related to ferroptosis in renal biopsies of patients with DKD. Then, we used a FABP4 inhibitor and small interfering RNA to investigate the role of FABP4 in ferroptosis induced by high glucose in human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HG-HK2) cells.
Results
In kidney biopsies of DKD patients, the expression of FABP4 was elevated, whereas carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A (CP-T1A), glutathione peroxidase 4, ferritin heavy chain, and ferritin light chain showed reduced expression. In HG-HK2 cells, the induction of ferroptosis was accompanied by an increase in FABP4. Inhibition of FABP4 in HG-HK2 cells changed the redox state, sup-pressing the production of reactive oxygen species, ferrous iron (Fe²⁺), and malondialdehyde, increasing superoxide dismutase, and reversing ferroptosis-associated mitochondrial damage. The inhibition of FABP4 also increased the expression of CPT1A, reversed lipid deposition, and restored impaired fatty acid β-oxidation. In addition, the inhibition of CPT1A could induce ferroptosis in HK2 cells.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that FABP4 mediates ferroptosis in HG-HK2 cells by inhibiting fatty acid β-oxidation.

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Augmenter of liver regeneration knockout aggravates tubular ferroptosis and macrophage activation by regulating carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1A‐induced lipid metabolism in diabetic nephropathy
Yuanyuan Zhang, Zheng Zhang, Lili Huang, Chunxia Wang, Pengfei Yang, Ling Zhang, Xiaohui Liao
Acta Physiologica.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Fatty Acid Binding Protein-4 Silencing Inhibits Ferroptosis to Alleviate Lipopolysaccharide-induced Injury of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells by Blocking Janus Kinase 2/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Signaling
Suo Xu, Jiye Luo, Yanli Wang, Xiaobing Chen
Journal of Physiological Investigation.2024; 67(1): 47. CrossRef
Ferroptosis in Liver Disease: Natural Active Compounds and Therapeutic Implications
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Investigating the Role of FABP4 in Diabetes and Obesity and the Influence of Age and Ethnicity: A Comprehensive Analysis of a Cohort from the KEDP-Study
Mohammed A. Abdalla, Jehad Abubaker, Mohamed Abu-Farha, Irina Al-Khairi, Preethi Cherian, Mohammad G. Qaddoumi, Fatema Al-Rashed, Thangavel Alphonse Thanaraj, Ahmed N. Albatineh, Fahd Al-Mulla
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Mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming in diabetic kidney disease
Xiaoting Fan, Meilin Yang, Yating Lang, Shangwei Lu, Zhijuan Kong, Ying Gao, Ning Shen, Dongdong Zhang, Zhimei Lv
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Inhibition of FABP4 Ameliorates IL-13-Induced Inflammatory Response and Barrier Dysfunction in Nasal Mucosal Epithelial Cells through the Regulation of Ferroptosis
Shanshan Qi
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Unraveling Ferroptosis: A New Frontier in Combating Renal Fibrosis and CKD Progression
Rui Jin, Yue Dai, Zheng Wang, Qinyang Hu, Cuntai Zhang, Hongyu Gao, Qi Yan
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Mechanisms and regulations of ferroptosis
Xu-Dong Zhang, Zhong-Yuan Liu, Mao-Sen Wang, Yu-Xiang Guo, Xiang-Kun Wang, Kai Luo, Shuai Huang, Ren-Feng Li
Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Targeting epigenetic and posttranslational modifications regulating ferroptosis for the treatment of diseases
Yumin Wang, Jing Hu, Shuang Wu, Joshua S. Fleishman, Yulin Li, Yinshi Xu, Wailong Zou, Jinhua Wang, Yukuan Feng, Jichao Chen, Hongquan Wang
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Diabetes, obesity and metabolism Big Data Articles (National Health Insurance Service Database)
Risk for Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus after COVID-19 among Korean Adults: A Nationwide Matched Cohort Study: Jong Han Choi, Kyoung Min Kim, Keeho Song, Gi Hyeon Seo; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(2):245-252. Published online April 5, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1662

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Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause various extrapulmonary sequelae, including diabetes. However, it is unclear whether these effects persist 30 days after diagnosis. Hence, we investigated the incidence of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the post-acute phase of COVID-19.
Methods
This cohort study used data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, a representative national healthcare database in Korea. We established a cohort of 348,180 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 without a history of diabetes between January 2020 and September 2021. The control group consisted of sex- and age-matched individuals with neither a history of diabetes nor COVID-19. We assessed the hazard ratios (HR) of newly diagnosed T2DM patients with COVID-19 compared to controls, adjusted for age, sex, and the presence of hypertension and dyslipidemia.
Results
In the post-acute phase, patients with COVID-19 had an increased risk of newly diagnosed T2DM compared to those without COVID-19 (adjusted HR, 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27 to 1.33). The adjusted HRs of non-hospitalized, hospitalized, and intensive care unit-admitted patients were 1.14 (95% CI, 1.08 to 1.19), 1.34 (95% CI, 1.30 to 1.38), and 1.78 (95% CI, 1.59 to 1.99), respectively. The risk of T2DM in patients who were not administered glucocorticoids also increased (adjusted HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.32).
Conclusion
COVID-19 may increase the risk of developing T2DM beyond the acute period. The higher the severity of COVID-19 in the acute phase, the higher the risk of newly diagnosed T2DM. Therefore, T2DM should be included as a component of managing long-term COVID-19.

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Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2025; 27(2): 767. CrossRef
New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in COVID-19: A Scoping Review
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Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Kurt Taylor, Sophie Eastwood, Venexia Walker, Genevieve Cezard, Rochelle Knight, Marwa Al Arab, Yinghui Wei, Elsie M F Horne, Lucy Teece, Harriet Forbes, Alex Walker, Louis Fisher, Jon Massey, Lisa E M Hopcroft, Tom Palmer, Jose Cuitun Coronado, Samantha
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Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(4): 763. CrossRef
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Thyroid Thyroid Cancer Screening
Diagnostic Performance of Ultrasound-Based Risk Stratification Systems for Thyroid Nodules: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Leehi Joo, Min Kyoung Lee, Ji Ye Lee, Eun Ju Ha, Dong Gyu Na; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(1):117-128. Published online February 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1670

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Background
This study investigated the diagnostic performance of biopsy criteria in four society ultrasonography risk stratification systems (RSSs) for thyroid nodules, including the 2021 Korean (K)-Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS).
Methods
The Ovid-MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and KoreaMed databases were searched and a manual search was conducted to identify original articles investigating the diagnostic performance of biopsy criteria for thyroid nodules (≥1 cm) in four widely used society RSSs.
Results
Eleven articles were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 82% (95% confidence interval [CI], 74% to 87%) and 60% (95% CI, 52% to 67%) for the American College of Radiology (ACR)-TIRADS, 89% (95% CI, 85% to 93%) and 34% (95% CI, 26% to 42%) for the American Thyroid Association (ATA) system, 88% (95% CI, 81% to 92%) and 42% (95% CI, 22% to 67%) for the European (EU)-TIRADS, and 96% (95% CI, 94% to 97%) and 21% (95% CI, 17% to 25%) for the 2016 K-TIRADS. The sensitivity and specificity were 76% (95% CI, 74% to 79%) and 50% (95% CI, 49% to 52%) for the 2021 K-TIRADS_1.5 (1.5-cm size cut-off for intermediate-suspicion nodules). The pooled unnecessary biopsy rates of the ACR-TIRADS, ATA system, EU-TIRADS, and 2016 K-TIRADS were 41% (95% CI, 32% to 49%), 65% (95% CI, 56% to 74%), 68% (95% CI, 60% to 75%), and 79% (95% CI, 74% to 83%), respectively. The unnecessary biopsy rate was 50% (95% CI, 47% to 53%) for the 2021 K-TIRADS_1.5.
Conclusion
The unnecessary biopsy rate of the 2021 K-TIRADS_1.5 was substantially lower than that of the 2016 K-TIRADS and comparable to that of the ACR-TIRADS. The 2021 K-TIRADS may help reduce potential harm due to unnecessary biopsies.

Citations

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Accuracy of ultrasound in predicting thyroid malignancy: a comparative analysis of the ACR TI-RADS and ATA risk stratification systems
Shaza Samargandy, Aliaa H. Ghoneim
Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Korean Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Patients with Thyroid Nodules 2024
Young Joo Park, Eun Kyung Lee, Young Shin Song, Su Hwan Kang, Bon Seok Koo, Sun Wook Kim, Dong Gyu Na, Seung-Kuk Baek, So Won Oh, Min Kyoung Lee, Sang-Woo Lee, Young Ah Lee, Yong Sang Lee, Ji Ye Lee, Dong-Jun Lim, Leehi Joo, Yuh-Seog Jung, Chan Kwon Jung,
International Journal of Thyroidology.2024; 17(1): 208. CrossRef
Individual Ultrasonographic Characteristics of Thyroid Nodules and Their Cytopathological Correlation to Determine Malignancy Risk
Miguel Ángel Castilla Villanueva, Dania Guadalupe Solis Cano, Ana Amador Martínez, Marco Antonio Téliz Meneses, Jesús Baquera-Heredia, Cesar Eduardo Vallin Orozco, Mónica Loya Ceballos
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Improving the diagnostic performance of inexperienced readers for thyroid nodules through digital self-learning and artificial intelligence assistance
Si Eun Lee, Hye Jung Kim, Hae Kyoung Jung, Jin Hyang Jung, Jae-Han Jeon, Jin Hee Lee, Hanpyo Hong, Eun Jung Lee, Daham Kim, Jin Young Kwak
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Systemic therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer with distant metastasis
Eun Kyung Lee
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(7): 484. CrossRef
To Screen or Not to Screen?
Do Joon Park
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(1): 69. CrossRef
The 2017 United States Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation for Thyroid Cancer Screening Is No Longer the Gold Standard
Ka Hee Yi
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(1): 72. CrossRef
Thyroid Cancer Screening: How to Maximize Its Benefits and Minimize Its Harms
Jung Hwan Baek
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(1): 75. CrossRef
2023 Korean Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Patients with Thyroid Nodules
Young Joo Park, Eun Kyung Lee, Young Shin Song, Soo Hwan Kang, Bon Seok Koo, Sun Wook Kim, Dong Gyu Na, Seung-Kuk Baek, So Won Oh, Min Kyoung Lee, Sang-Woo Lee, Young Ah Lee, Yong Sang Lee, Ji Ye Lee, Dong-Jun Lim, Leehi Joo, Yuh-Seog Jung, Chan Kwon Jung
International Journal of Thyroidology.2023; 16(1): 1. CrossRef
Evaluation of the Appropriateness of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration
Lairce Cristina Ribeiro Brito, Iara Beatriz De Carvalho Botêlho, Lanna Matos Silva Fernandes, Nayze Lucena Sangreman Aldeman, Uziel Nunes Silva
International Journal for Innovation Education and Research.2023; 11(6): 8. CrossRef

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Sleep Duration and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Community-Based Cohort Study with a 16-Year Follow-up: Da Young Lee, Inha Jung, So Young Park, Ji Hee Yu, Ji A Seo, Kyeong Jin Kim, Nam Hoon Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Sin Gon Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Seung Ku Lee, Chol Shin, Nan Hee Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(1):146-155. Published online February 6, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1582

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Background
We aimed to investigate the moderating effects of obesity, age, and sex on the association between sleep duration and the development of diabetes in Asians.
Methods
We analyzed data from a cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study conducted from 2001 to 2020. After excluding shift workers and those with diabetes at baseline, 7,407 participants were stratified into three groups according to sleep duration: ≤5 hours/night, >5 to 7 hours/night (reference), and >7 hours/night. The Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Subgroup analyses were performed according to obesity, age, and sex.
Results
During 16 years of follow-up, 2,024 cases of T2DM were identified. Individuals who slept ≤5 h/night had a higher risk of incident diabetes than the reference group (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.33). The subgroup analysis observed a valid interaction with sleep duration only for obesity. A higher risk of T2DM was observed in the ≤5 hours/night group in non-obese individuals, men, and those aged <60 years, and in the >7 hours/night group in obese individuals (HRs were 1.34 [95% CI, 1.11 to 1.61], 1.22 [95% CI, 1 to 1.49], and 1.18 [95% CI, 1.01 to 1.39], respectively).
Conclusion
This study confirmed the effect of sleep deprivation on the risk of T2DM throughout the 16-year follow-up period. This impact was confined to non-obese or young individuals and men. We observed a significant interaction between sleep duration and obesity.

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Review Article

Thyroid
A Narrative Review of the 2023 Korean Thyroid Association Management Guideline for Patients with Thyroid Nodules: Eun Kyung Lee, Young Joo Park, Chan Kwon Jung, Dong Gyu Na; Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(1):61-72. Published online February 14, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.1938

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The 2023 Korean Thyroid Association (KTA) Management Guideline for Patients with Thyroid Nodules constitute an update of the 2016 KTA guideline for thyroid nodules and cancers that focuses specifically on nodules. The 2023 guideline aim to offer updated guidance based on new evidence that reflects the changes in clinical practice since the 2016 KTA guideline. To update the 2023 guideline, a comprehensive literature search was conducted from January 2022 to May 2022. The literature search included studies, reviews, and other evidence involving human subjects that were published in English in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and other relevant databases. Additional significant clinical trials and research studies published up to April 2023 were also reviewed. The limitations of the current evidence are discussed, and suggestions for areas in need of further research are identified. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of the 2023 KTA guideline for the management of thyroid nodules released in May 2023 and to give a balanced insight with comparison of recent guidelines from other societies.

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Special Article

Adrenal gland
2023 Korean Endocrine Society Consensus Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Primary Aldosteronism: Jeonghoon Ha, Jung Hwan Park, Kyoung Jin Kim, Jung Hee Kim, Kyong Yeun Jung, Jeongmin Lee, Jong Han Choi, Seung Hun Lee, Namki Hong, Jung Soo Lim, Byung Kwan Park, Jung-Han Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Jooyoung Cho, Mi-kyung Kim, Choon Hee Chung, The Committee of Clinical Practice Guideline of Korean Endocrine Society, The Korean Adrenal Study Group of Korean Endocrine Society; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(6):597-618. Published online October 13, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1789

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Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common, yet underdiagnosed cause of secondary hypertension. It is characterized by an overproduction of aldosterone, leading to hypertension and/or hypokalemia. Despite affecting between 5.9% and 34% of patients with hypertension, PA is frequently missed due to a lack of clinical awareness and systematic screening, which can result in significant cardiovascular complications. To address this, medical societies have developed clinical practice guidelines to improve the management of hypertension and PA. The Korean Endocrine Society, drawing on a wealth of research, has formulated new guidelines for PA. A task force has been established to prepare PA guidelines, which encompass epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care. The Korean clinical guidelines for PA aim to deliver an evidence-based protocol for PA diagnosis, treatment, and patient monitoring. These guidelines are anticipated to ease the burden of this potentially curable condition.

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Seung Shin Park, Chang Ho Ahn, Sang Wan Kim, Jung-Min Koh, Seung Hun Lee, Jung Hee Kim
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