From articles published in Endocrinology and Metabolism during the past two years (2021 ~ ).
Original Article
- Thyroid
- Insights from a Prospective Follow-up of Thyroid Function and Autoimmunity among COVID-19 Survivors
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David Tak Wai Lui, Chi Ho Lee, Wing Sun Chow, Alan Chun Hong Lee, Anthony Raymond Tam, Carol Ho Yi Fong, Chun Yiu Law, Eunice Ka Hong Leung, Kelvin Kai Wang To, Kathryn Choon Beng Tan, Yu Cho Woo, Ching Wan Lam, Ivan Fan Ngai Hung, Karen Siu Ling Lam
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(3):582-589. Published online June 8, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.983
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- Background
The occurrence of Graves’ disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raised concerns that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may trigger thyroid autoimmunity. We aimed to address the current uncertainties regarding incident thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity among COVID-19 survivors.
Methods
We included consecutive adult COVID-19 patients without known thyroid disorders, who were admitted to Queen Mary Hospital from July 21 to September 21, 2020 and had serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine (fT3), and anti-thyroid antibodies measured both on admission and at 3 months.
Results
In total, 122 patients were included. Among 20 patients with abnormal thyroid function tests (TFTs) on admission (mostly low fT3), 15 recovered. Among 102 patients with initial normal TFTs, two had new-onset abnormalities that could represent different phases of thyroiditis. Among 104 patients whose anti-thyroid antibody titers were reassessed, we observed increases in anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) (P<0.001) and anti-thyroglobulin (P<0.001), but not anti-thyroid stimulating hormone receptor titers (P=0.486). Of 82 patients with negative anti-TPO findings at baseline, 16 had a significant interval increase in anti-TPO titer by >12 U, and four became anti-TPO-positive. Worse baseline clinical severity (P=0.018), elevated C-reactive protein during hospitalization (P=0.033), and higher baseline anti-TPO titer (P=0.005) were associated with a significant increase in anti-TPO titer.
Conclusion
Most patients with thyroid dysfunction on admission recovered during convalescence. Abnormal TFTs suggestive of thyroiditis occurred during convalescence, but infrequently. Importantly, our novel observation of an increase in anti-thyroid antibody titers post-COVID-19 warrants further follow-up for incident thyroid dysfunction among COVID-19 survivors.
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Citations
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Review Articles
- Thyroid
- Deiodinases and the Three Types of Thyroid Hormone Deiodination Reactions
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Laura Sabatino, Cristina Vassalle, Cristina Del Seppia, Giorgio Iervasi
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(5):952-964. Published online October 21, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1198
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- Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling is strictly regulated by iodothyronine deiodinase activity, which both preserves the circulating levels of the biologically active triiodothyronine (T3) and regulates TH homeostasis at the local level, in a cell- and time-dependent manner. Three deiodinases have been identified—namely iodothyronine deiodinase 1 (DIO1), DIO2, and DIO3—that differ in their catalytic properties and tissue distribution. The deiodinases represent a dynamic system that changes in the different stages of life according to their functions and roles in various cell types and tissues. Deiodinase activity at the tissue level permits cell-targeted fine regulation of TH homeostasis, mediating the activation (DIO1 and DIO2) and inactivation (DIO3) of THs. Deiodinase homeostasis is the driving force that leads T3-target cells towards customized TH signaling, which takes into account both the hormonal circulating levels and the tissue-specific response. This review analyzes the complex role of deiodinases in physiological and pathological contexts, exploring new challenges and opportunities deriving from a deeper knowledge of the dynamics underlying their roles and functions.
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- Thyroid
- Update from the 2022 World Health Organization Classification of Thyroid Tumors: A Standardized Diagnostic Approach
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Chan Kwon Jung, Andrey Bychkov, Kennichi Kakudo
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Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(5):703-718. Published online October 4, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1553
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- The fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) histologic classification of thyroid neoplasms released in 2022 includes newly recognized tumor types, subtypes, and a grading system. Follicular cell-derived neoplasms are categorized into three families (classes): benign tumors, low-risk neoplasms, and malignant neoplasms. The terms “follicular nodular disease” and “differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma” are introduced to account for multifocal hyperplastic/neoplastic lesions and differentiated thyroid carcinomas with high-grade features, respectively. The term “Hürthle cells” is replaced with “oncocytic cells.” Invasive encapsulated follicular and cribriform morular variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are now redefined as distinct tumor types, given their different genetic alterations and clinicopathologic characteristics from other PTC subtypes. The term “variant” to describe a subclass of tumor has been replaced with the term “subtype.” Instead, the term “variant” is reserved to describe genetic alterations. A histologic grading system based on the mitotic count, necrosis, and/or the Ki67 index is used to identify high-grade follicular-cell derived carcinomas and medullary thyroid carcinomas. The 2022 WHO classification introduces the following new categories: “salivary gland-type carcinomas of the thyroid” and “thyroid tumors of uncertain histogenesis.” This review summarizes the major changes in the 2022 WHO classification and their clinical relevance.
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Special Article
- Miscellaneous
- COVID-19 Vaccination for Endocrine Patients: A Position Statement from the Korean Endocrine Society
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Cheol Ryong Ku, Kyong Yeun Jung, Chang Ho Ahn, Jun Sung Moon, Ju Hee Lee, Eun Heui Kim, Hyemi Kwon, Hee Kyung Kim, Sunghwan Suh, Sangmo Hong, Jeonghoon Ha, Eun Roh, Jin Hwa Kim, Mi-kyung Kim, the Committee of Clinical Practice Guideline of the Korean Endocrine Society
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):757-765. Published online August 17, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.404
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- Since the first outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), ongoing efforts have been made to discover an efficacious vaccine against COVID-19 to combat the pandemic. In most countries, both mRNA and DNA vaccines have been administered, and their side effects have also been reported. The clinical course of COVID-19 and the effects of vaccination against COVID-19 are both influenced by patients’ health status and involve a systemic physiological response. In view of the systemic function of endocrine hormones, endocrine disorders themselves and the therapeutics used to treat them can influence the outcomes of vaccination for COVID-19. However, there are very limited data to support the development of clinical guidelines for patients with specific medical backgrounds based on large clinical trials. In the current severe circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic, position statements made by clinical specialists are essential to provide appropriate recommendations based on both medical evidence and clinical experiences. As endocrinologists, we would like to present the medical background of COVID-19 vaccination, as well as precautions to prevent the side effects of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with specific endocrine disorders, including adrenal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, autoimmune thyroid disease, hypogonadism, and pituitary disorders.
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Review Articles
- Thyroid
- Current Guidelines for Management of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
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Mijin Kim, Bo Hyun Kim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(3):514-524. Published online June 22, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1082
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- Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor originating from the parafollicular cells. The diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the condition are different from those used for well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Since the 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of MTC, the latest, including the National Comprehensive Cancer Network and European Association for Medical Oncology guidelines have been updated to reflect several recent advances in the management of MTC. Advances in molecular diagnosis and postoperative risk stratification systems have led to individualized treatment and follow-up strategies. Multi-kinase inhibitors, such as vandetanib and cabozantinib, can prolong disease progression-free survival with favorable adverse effects. In addition, potent selective rearranged during transfection (RET) inhibitors (selpercatinib and pralsetinib) have shown a promising efficacy in recent clinical trials. This review summarizes the management of MTC in recent guidelines focused on sporadic MTC.
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Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef - THE ROLE OF CALCITONIN IN THE PREOPERATIVE STAGE AS THE PREDICTOR OF MEDULLARY THYROID CANCER METASTASES
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- Diabetes
- Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Hospital
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M. Citlalli Perez-Guzman, Trisha Shang, Jennifer Y. Zhang, Donna Jornsay, David C. Klonoff
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(2):240-255. Published online March 31, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.201
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- Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) have suddenly become part of routine care in many hospitals. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated the use of new technologies and new processes to care for hospitalized patients, including diabetes patients. The use of CGMs to automatically and remotely supplement or replace assisted monitoring of blood glucose by bedside nurses can decrease: the amount of necessary nursing exposure to COVID-19 patients with diabetes; the amount of time required for obtaining blood glucose measurements, and the amount of personal protective equipment necessary for interacting with patients during the blood glucose testing. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is now exercising enforcement discretion and not objecting to certain factory-calibrated CGMs being used in a hospital setting, both to facilitate patient care and to obtain performance data that can be used for future regulatory submissions. CGMs can be used in the hospital to decrease the frequency of fingerstick point of care capillary blood glucose testing, decrease hyperglycemic episodes, and decrease hypoglycemic episodes. Most of the research on CGMs in the hospital has focused on their accuracy and only recently outcomes data has been reported. A hospital CGM program requires cooperation of physicians, bedside nurses, diabetes educators, and hospital administrators to appropriately select and manage patients. Processes for collecting, reviewing, storing, and responding to CGM data must be established for such a program to be successful. CGM technology is advancing and we expect that CGMs will be increasingly used in the hospital for patients with diabetes.
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- Miscellaneous
- Quality Matters as Much as Quantity of Skeletal Muscle: Clinical Implications of Myosteatosis in Cardiometabolic Health
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Hong-Kyu Kim, Chul-Hee Kim
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(6):1161-1174. Published online December 28, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1348
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- Although age-related changes in skeletal muscles are closely associated with decreases in muscle strength and functional decline, their associations with cardiometabolic diseases in the literature are inconsistent. Such inconsistency could be explained by the fact that muscle quality—which is closely associated with fatty infiltration of the muscle (i.e., myosteatosis)—is as important as muscle quantity in cardiometabolic health. However, muscle quality has been less explored compared with muscle mass. Moreover, the standard definition of myosteatosis and its assessment methods have not been established yet. Recently, some techniques using single axial computed tomography (CT) images have been introduced and utilized in many studies, as the mass and quality of abdominal muscles could be measured opportunistically on abdominal CT scans obtained during routine clinical care. Yet, the mechanisms by which myosteatosis affect metabolic and cardiovascular health remain largely unknown. In this review, we explore the recent advances in the assessment of myosteatosis and its changes associated with aging. We also review the recent literature on the clinical implication of myosteatosis by focusing on metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Finally, we discuss the challenges and unanswered questions that need addressing to set myosteatosis as a therapeutic target for the prevention or treatment of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Original Article
- Clinical Study
- Characteristics of Immune-Related Thyroid Adverse Events in Patients Treated with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors
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Jee Hee Yoon, A Ram Hong, Hee Kyung Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(2):413-423. Published online April 6, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.906
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- Background
Thyroid immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) have been reported in patients treated with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death protein-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors. We investigated the incidence and clinical course of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced thyroid IRAEs, and identified predictable clinical risk factors of thyroid IRAEs, in particular, overt hypothyroidism (OH).
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 325 cancer patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor in a tertiary referral center.
Results
A total of 50.5% (164/325) of patients experienced at least one abnormal thyroid function following PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor. Eighty-four patients (51.2%) of them recovered to normal thyroid function during follow-up. In overall population, 25 patients (7.7%) required thyroid hormone replacement therapy due to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced OH. Patients who progressed to OH showed significantly higher baseline thyroid stimulating hormone level and longer duration of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy than those without thyroid dysfunction or OH (both P<0.001). Median time interval to the development of OH was 3 months after the therapy. OH was significantly associated with positive anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody at baseline and anti-thyroglobulin antibody during the therapy than those without thyroid dysfunction or OH (P=0.015 and P=0.005, respectively). We observed no patients with OH who were able to stop levothyroxine replacement after the cessation of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy.
Conclusion
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced thyroid dysfunctions are considerably reversible; however, OH is irreversible requiring levothyroxine replacement even after stopping the therapy. Positive thyroid autoantibodies may predict the progression to OH.
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David Dora, Syeda Mahak Zahra Bokhari, Kenan Aloss, Peter Takacs, Juliane Zsuzsanna Desnoix, György Szklenárik, Patrick Deniz Hurley, Zoltan Lohinai
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Review Article
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Effects of Intermittent Fasting on the Circulating Levels and Circadian Rhythms of Hormones
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Bo Hye Kim, Yena Joo, Min-Seon Kim, Han Kyoung Choe, Qingchun Tong, Obin Kwon
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):745-756. Published online August 27, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.405
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- Intermittent fasting has become an increasingly popular strategy in losing weight and associated reduction in obesity-related medical complications. Overwhelming studies support metabolic improvements from intermittent fasting in blood glucose levels, cardiac and brain function, and other health benefits, in addition to weight loss. However, concerns have also been raised on side effects including muscle loss, ketosis, and electrolyte imbalance. Of particular concern, the effect of intermittent fasting on hormonal circadian rhythms has received little attention. Given the known importance of circadian hormonal changes to normal physiology, potential detrimental effects by dysregulation of hormonal changes deserve careful discussions. In this review, we describe the changes in circadian rhythms of hormones caused by intermittent fasting. We covered major hormones commonly pathophysiologically involved in clinical endocrinology, including insulin, thyroid hormones, and glucocorticoids. Given that intermittent fasting could alter both the level and frequency of hormone secretion, decisions on practicing intermittent fasting should take more considerations on potential detrimental consequences versus beneficial effects pertaining to individual health conditions.
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Brief Report
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Dimitrios Patoulias, Michael Doumas
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):904-908. Published online July 27, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1048
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Crossref - TDM
- The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remains an unbeaten enemy. Unfortunately, no targeted treatment option is available. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have increased odds for severe or fatal disease, as demonstrated in recent observational studies. There is an ongoing discussion regarding the impact of different antidiabetic drug classes on outcomes of interest among affected subjects. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been placed at the epicenter, since the DPP-4 enzyme seems to be implicated in the disease pathogenesis. Herein we present an updated meta-analysis of observational studies addressing the risk of COVID-19 death among patients with T2DM on prior DPP-4 inhibitor treatment. We pooled data from 10 observational studies, showing that DPP-4 inhibitors produce a non-significant decrease in the risk for COVID-19-related death. However, when administered in the inpatient setting, DPP-4 inhibitors decrease the risk for COVID-19-related death by 50%. Ongoing randomized controlled trials will shed further light.
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Review Articles
- Obesity and Metabolism
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Sara Spinelli, Erminio Monteleone
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(2):209-219. Published online April 19, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.105
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Crossref - TDM
- Obesity is a multifactorial disease with several potential causes that remain incompletely understood. Recent changes in the environment, which has become increasingly obesogenic, have been found to interact with individual factors. Evidence of the role of taste responsiveness and food preference in obesity has been reported, pointing to a lower taste sensitivity and a higher preference and intake of fat and, to a lesser extent, sweet foods in obese people. Studies in the last decades have also suggested that individual differences in the neurophysiology of food reward may lead to overeating, contributing to obesity. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings. In fact, only a limited number of studies has been conducted on large samples, and several studies were conducted only on women. Larger balanced studies in terms of sex/gender and age are required in order to control the confounding effect of these variables. As many factors are intertwined in obesity, a multidisciplinary approach is needed. This will allow a better understanding of taste alteration and food behaviours in obese people in order to design more effective strategies to promote healthier eating and to prevent obesity and the related chronic disease risks.
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Jacques P. Brown
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(3):544-552. Published online June 22, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.301
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Crossref - TDM
- Osteoporosis is an incurable chronic condition, like heart disease, diabetes, or hypertension. A large gap currently exists in the primary prevention of fractures, and studies show that an estimated 80% to 90% of adults do not receive appropriate osteoporosis management even in the secondary prevention setting. Case finding strategies have been developed and effective pharmacological interventions are available. This publication addresses how best to use the pharmacological options available for postmenopausal osteoporosis to provide lifelong fracture protection in patients at high and very high risk of fracture. The benefit of osteoporosis therapies far outweighs the rare risks.
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Original Articles
- Clinical Study
- Association of Vitamin D Deficiency with Diabetic Nephropathy
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So-hyeon Hong, Young Bin Kim, Hoon Sung Choi, Tae-Dong Jeong, Jin Taek Kim, Yeon Ah Sung
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(1):106-113. Published online February 24, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.826
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7,254
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198
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16
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Abstract
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Supplementary Material
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Crossref - TDM
- Background
Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels are associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the association between 25OHD and metabolic health status or diabetic complications is inconclusive. We evaluated this relationship between vitamin D status and metabolic parameters and complications of T2DM.
Methods
This study included 1,392 patients with T2DM who visited Eulji and Ewha Diabetes Center between January 2011 and August 2016. Anthropometric parameters and laboratory tests including glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, liver and kidney function, and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) were evaluated. Diabetic macro- and microvascular complications were determined through a medical record review. Serum 25OHD concentrations were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay.
Results
The mean 25OHD level was 16.8±9.6 ng/mL. Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) and severe deficiency (<10 ng/mL) were observed in 990 (71.1%) and 351 (25.2%) participants, respectively. 25OHD level was positively correlated with age and highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level and negatively correlated with HbA1c, triglyceride level, and UACR. HDL-C and UACR were significantly associated with 25OHD after adjusting for other variables. Vitamin D deficiency was independently related to nephropathy after adjusting for confounding variables.
Conclusion
Vitamin D deficiency was common among Korean T2DM patients; it was independently associated with microalbuminuria and HDL level, and positively related to diabetic nephropathy.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- COVID-19 infection and metabolic comorbidities: Mitigating role of nutritional sufficiency and drug – nutraceutical combinations of vitamin D
Sumit Kumar Mandal, Meghana Tare, P.R. Deepa
Human Nutrition & Metabolism.2023; 31: 200179. CrossRef - Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation in Diabetic Kidney Disease: An Systematic Review
Thais de Oliveira e Silva Ullmann, Beatrys Juliani Ramalho, Lucas Fornari Laurindo, Ricardo José Tofano, Claudio José Rubira, Elen Landgraf Guiguer, Sandra Maria Barbalho, Uri Adrian Prync Flato, Katia Portero Sloan, Adriano Cressoni Araujo
Journal of Renal Nutrition.2023; 33(5): 618. CrossRef - Diabetic Nephropathy: Significance of Determining Oxidative Stress and Opportunities for Antioxidant Therapies
Marina Darenskaya, Sergey Kolesnikov, Natalya Semenova, Lyubov Kolesnikova
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(15): 12378. CrossRef - The Role of Vitamin D in Diabetic Nephropathy: A Translational Approach
Charlotte Delrue, Reinhart Speeckaert, Joris R. Delanghe, Marijn M. Speeckaert
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(2): 807. CrossRef - Associations of serum amyloid A and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D with diabetic nephropathy: A cross‐sectional study
Qian Liu, Jin Sun, Tongdao Xu, Guangrong Bian, Fumeng Yang
Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Formulation Strategies for Improving the Stability and Bioavailability of Vitamin D-Fortified Beverages: A Review
Elsa F. Vieira, Suene Souza
Foods.2022; 11(6): 847. CrossRef - Association between Vitamin D Status and Mortality among Adults with Diabetic Kidney Disease
Feng Xu, Hongyu Lu, Tianwen Lai, Ling Lin, Yongsong Chen, Pratibha V. Nerurkar
Journal of Diabetes Research.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef - Assessment of the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and albuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Seyed Alireza Zomorodian, Maryam Shafiee, Zeinab Karimi, Fatemeh Masjedi, Amirhossein Roshanshad
BMC Endocrine Disorders.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Association of Serum 25 (OH) Vitamin D With Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Type 2 Diabetes
Suyan Duan, Fang Lu, Buyun Wu, Chengning Zhang, Guangyan Nie, Lianqin Sun, Zhimin Huang, Honglei Guo, Bo Zhang, Changying Xing, Yanggang Yuan
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - The Influence of Dietary Supplementations on Neuropathic Pain
Francesco D’Egidio, Giorgia Lombardozzi, Housem E. Kacem Ben Haj M’Barek, Giada Mastroiacovo, Margherita Alfonsetti, Annamaria Cimini
Life.2022; 12(8): 1125. CrossRef - Emergence of Ectopic Adrenal Tissues-What are the Probable Mechanisms?
Gürkan Tarçın, Oya Ercan
Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology.2022; 14(3): 258. CrossRef - Nutritional Supplements for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain
Khaled M. Abdelrahman, Kevin V. Hackshaw
Biomedicines.2021; 9(6): 674. CrossRef - Vitamin D Deficiency as a Predictor of a High Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease in Pancreas Transplant Candidates With Type 1 Diabetes
Małgorzata Buksińska-Lisik, Przemysław J. Kwasiborski, Robert Ryczek, Wojciech Lisik, Artur Mamcarz
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and Metabolic Parameters in Healthy Korean Adults: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI
Jeonghoon Ha, Hansang Baek, Chaiho Jeong, Hyunsam Kim, Ki-Hyun Baek, Moo Il Kang, Dong-Jun Lim
International Journal of General Medicine.2021; Volume 14: 5233. CrossRef - Association Between 25(OH)Vitamin D, HbA1c and Albuminuria in Diabetes Mellitus: Data From a Population-Based Study (VIDAMAZON)
João Soares Felício, Hana Andrade de Rider Britto, Pedro Celeira Cortez, Fabrício de Souza Resende, Manuela Nascimento de Lemos, Lorena Vilhena de Moraes, Vitória Teixeira de Aquino, Fernanda de Souza Parente, Natércia Neves Marques de Queiroz, João Felíc
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Vitamin D Analogs Can Retard the Onset or Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review
Samuel N. Uwaezuoke
Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
- Thyroid
- Thyroid Hormone Profile and Its Prognostic Impact on the Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korean Patients
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Jiyeon Ahn, Min Kyung Lee, Jae Hyuk Lee, Seo Young Sohn
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):769-777. Published online August 27, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1109
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3,564
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170
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15
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Abstract
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Supplementary Material
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Crossref - TDM
- Background
Data on the association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and thyroid have been reported, including overt thyrotoxicosis and suppression of thyroid function. We aimed to evaluate the thyroid hormone profile and its association with the prognosis of COVID-19 in Korean patients.
Methods
The clinical data of 119 patients with COVID-19, admitted in the Myongji Hospital, Goyang, South Korea, were retrospectively evaluated. The thyroid hormone profiles were analyzed and compared based on disease severity (non-severe disease vs. severe to critical disease). Clinical outcomes were analyzed according to the tertiles of thyroid hormones.
Results
Of the 119 patients, 76 (63.9%) were euthyroid, and none presented with overt thyroid dysfunction. Non-thyroidal illness syndrome was the most common manifestation (18.5%), followed by subclinical thyrotoxicosis (14.3%) among patients with thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels were significantly lower in patients with severe to critical disease than in those with non-severe disease (P<0.05). Patients in the lowest T3 tertile (<0.77 ng/mL) had higher rates of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit admission, and death than those in the middle and highest (>1.00 ng/mL) T3 tertiles (P<0.05). COVID-19 patients in the lowest T3 tertile were independently associated with mortality (hazard ratio, 5.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 25.32; P=0.038) compared with those in the highest T3 tertile.
Conclusion
Thyroid dysfunction is common in COVID-19 patients. Changes in serum TSH and T3 levels may be important markers of disease severity in COVID-19. Decreased T3 levels may have a prognostic significance in COVID-19 related outcome.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Thyroxine changes in COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Ziqi Li, Pengwei Hou, Shuwen Mu, Renzhi Wang, Hui Miao, Ming Feng, He Wang, Wentai Zhang, Yihao Chen, Tianshun Feng, Shousen Wang, Yi Fang
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - The Influence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on the Thyroid Gland
Aleksandra Piekarska, Marta Góral, Marta Kozula, Aleksandra Jawiarczyk-Przybyłowska, Katarzyna Zawadzka, Marek Bolanowski
Biomedicines.2023; 11(2): 614. CrossRef - Thyroid Function Abnormalities and Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients
with COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study
Deepika Patel, Dukhabandhu Naik, Sadishkumar Kamalanathan, Kadhiravan Tamilarasu, Jayaprakash Sahoo, Ayan Roy, Chandhana Merugu, Varun Suryadevara
Hormone and Metabolic Research.2023; 55(03): 169. CrossRef - The Spectrum of Thyroid Function Tests and Autoantibodies During Hospitalization and After Six Months of Discharge in COVID-19 Patients: Does COVID-19 Trigger Autoimmunity?
Ziynet Alphan Uc, Pinar Yagcı, Zelal Adibelli, Cevdet Duran
Endocrine Research.2023; 48(2-3): 44. CrossRef - Transient low T3 syndrome in patients with COVID-19: a new window for prediction of disease severity
Mingyao Zhong, Yue Gao, Hongling Hu, Xuan Zhu, Lulu Gan, Ling Li, Cheng Xiang, Yimin Yan, Zhe Dai
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - The Association Between COVID-19 and Thyroxine Levels: A Meta-Analysis
Yiru Chen, Xiuneng Li, Yu Dai, Jingjing Zhang
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - The New Entity of Subacute Thyroiditis amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: From Infection to Vaccine
Mihaela Popescu, Adina Ghemigian, Corina Maria Vasile, Andrei Costache, Mara Carsote, Alice Elena Ghenea
Diagnostics.2022; 12(4): 960. CrossRef - Potential of Endogenous Oxytocin in Endocrine Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19
Stephani C. Wang, Fengmin Zhang, Hui Zhu, Haipeng Yang, Yang Liu, Ping Wang, Vladimir Parpura, Yu-Feng Wang
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - The Association Between FT3 With the Outcome and Inflammation/Coagulopathy/Fibrinolysis of COVID-19
Jiayi Deng, Siye Zhang, Fei Peng, Quan Zhang, Yi Li, Yanjun Zhong
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Primary hypothyroidism with an episode of ventricular tachycardia in a patient with COVID-19
Pin-Hsu Liao, Yu-Cheng Cheng, Po-Yu Liu, I-Te Lee
Medicine.2022; 101(25): e29243. CrossRef - Low triiodothyronine syndrome is associated with stroke‐associated pneumonia
Huijun Chen, Minjie Xu, Yezhi Huang, Jincai He, Wenwei Ren
European Journal of Clinical Investigation.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Association of thyroid dysfunction and COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Mohammad Darvishi, Mohammad Reza Nazer, Hamze Shahali, Majid Nouri
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - The prognostic utility of serum thyrotropin in hospitalized Covid-19 patients: statistical and machine learning approaches
E. Pappa, P. Gourna, G. Galatas, M. Manti, A. Romiou, L. Panagiotou, R. Chatzikyriakou, N. Trakas, G. Feretzakis, C. Christopoulos
Endocrine.2022; 80(1): 86. CrossRef - Thyrotropin Levels in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: Assessment during Hospitalization and in the Medium Term after Discharge
Abdallah Al-Salameh, Noémie Scherman, Imane Adda, Juliette André, Yoann Zerbib, Julien Maizel, Jean-Daniel Lalau, Etienne Brochot, Claire Andrejak, Rachel Desailloud
Life.2022; 12(12): 2014. CrossRef - COVID-19 and thyroid function: What do we know so far?
Camila Lüdke Rossetti, Juliana Cazarin, Fabio Hecht, Fabyan Esberard de Lima Beltrão, Andrea Cláudia Freitas Ferreira, Rodrigo Soares Fortunato, Helton Estrela Ramos, Denise Pires de Carvalho
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
- Clinical Study
- Efficacy and Safety of the Novel Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Gemigliptin in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis
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Deep Dutta, Anshita Agarwal, Indira Maisnam, Rajiv Singla, Deepak Khandelwal, Meha Sharma
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Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(2):374-387. Published online April 6, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.818
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4,854
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200
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15
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Abstract
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Supplementary Material
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Crossref - TDM
- Background
No meta-analysis has holistically analysed and summarised the efficacy and safety of gemigliptin in type 2 diabetes. The meta-analysis addresses this knowledge gap.
Methods
Electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving diabetes patients receiving gemigliptin in the intervention arm and placebo/active comparator in the control arm. The primary outcome was change in haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). The secondary outcomes were alterations in glucose, glycaemic targets, lipids, insulin resistance, and adverse events.
Results
Data from 10 RCTs involving 1,792 patients were analysed. Four had an active control group (ACG), with metformin/dapagliflozin/sitagliptin/glimepiride as the active comparator; six had a passive control group (PCG), with placebo/rosuvastatin as controls. HbA1c reduction by gemigliptin at 24 weeks was comparable to ACG (mean difference [MD], 0.09%; 95% confidence interval [CI], –0.06 to 0.23; P=0.24; I2=0%; moderate certainty of evidence [MCE]), but superior to PCG (MD, –0.91%; 95% CI, –1.18 to –0.63); P<0.01; I2=89%; high certainty of evidence [HCE]). Gemigliptin was superior to PCG regarding achieving HbA1c <7% (12 weeks: odds ratio [OR], 5.91; 95% CI, 1.34 to 26.08; P=0.02; I2=74%; 24 weeks: OR, 4.48; 95% CI, 2.09 to 9.60; P<0.01; I2=69%; HCE). Gemigliptin was comparable to ACG regarding achieving HbA1c <7% after 24 weeks (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.52 to 1.63; P=0.77; I2=66%; MCE). Adverse events were similar between the gemigliptin and control groups (risk ratio [RR], 1.06; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.36; P=0.66; I2=35%; HCE). The gemigliptin group did not have increased hypoglycaemia (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.62 to 2.28; P=0.61; I2=19%; HCE).
Conclusion
Gemigliptin has good glycaemic efficacy and is well-tolerated over 6 months of use.
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Citations
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Deep Dutta, Deepak Khandelwal, Manoj Kumar, Meha Sharma
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Deep Dutta, Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Manoj Kumar, Priyankar K. Datta, Ritin Mohindra, Meha Sharma
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2023; 17(1): 102697. CrossRef - Effects of Initial Combinations of Gemigliptin Plus Metformin Compared with Glimepiride Plus Metformin on Gut Microbiota and Glucose Regulation in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The INTESTINE Study
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R. Pelluri, S. Kongara, V. R. Nagasubramanian, S. Mahadevan, J. Chimakurthy
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Deep Dutta, Lakshmi Nagendra, Nishant Raizada, Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Meha Sharma
Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 27(3): 192. CrossRef - Role of novel sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor enavogliflozin in type-2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Deep Dutta, B.G. Harish, Beatrice Anne, Lakshmi Nagendra
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2023; 17(8): 102816. CrossRef - Semaglutide and cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Lakshmi Nagendra, Harish BG, Meha Sharma, Deep Dutta
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Deep Dutta, Jyoti Kadian, Indira Maisnam, Ashok Kumar, Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Meha Sharma
Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 27(4): 286. CrossRef - Safety and efficacy of once weekly dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor trelagliptin in type-2 diabetes: A meta-analysis
Deep Dutta, Ritin Mohindra, Vineet Surana, Meha Sharma
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Kyeong-Min Lee, Yeo Jin Hwang, Gwon-Soo Jung
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.2022; 626: 135. CrossRef - Reporting and methodological quality of systematic reviews of DPP-4 inhibitors for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an evidence-based mapping
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