Endocrinology and Metabolism

Special Article

Hypothalamus and pituitary gland
Consensus on the Diagnosis of Cushing’s Disease: A Collaborative Statement from the Korean Endocrine Society and Japan Endocrine Society: Jeongmin Lee, Hidenori Fukuoka, Seung Shin Park, A Ram Hong, Jung Hee Kim, Sang Ouk Chin, Han-Sang Baek, Dong-Jun Lim, Kazunori Kageyama, Mitsuru Nishiyama, Shigeyuki Tahara, Kenichi Oyama, Akira Sugawara, Miho Yamashita, Naoko Inoshita, Hiroshi Arima, Byung-Joon Kim, Yoon-Sok Chung, Soon Jib Yoo, Michio Otsuki, Mi-kyung Kim, The Committee of Clinical Practice Guideline of Korean Endocrine Society, Korean Neuroendocrine Study Group of Korean Endocrine Society; Endocrinol Metab. 2026;41(1):1-13. Published online January 1, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2025.2707

3,306 View
273 Download

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Cushing’s disease (CD) is a rare but serious endocrine disorder caused by excessive cortisol secretion due to adrenocorticotropic hormone–secreting pituitary tumors. Despite recent developments in diagnostic criteria and treatment options, CD remains associated with substantial comorbidities and mortality. Early and accurate diagnosis is thus essential. Both the Korean Endocrine Society (KES) and Japan Endocrine Society (JES) guidelines are intended to standardize diagnostic approaches to CD, and they share common principles; however, notable differences exist, particularly in biochemical testing thresholds and imaging recommendations. This consensus statement integrates clinical evidence and expert practice from both the KES and JES to establish harmonized recommendations for biochemical evaluation, imaging, and differential testing. This unified framework is intended to enhance diagnostic precision and improve clinical outcomes across East Asian populations.

Review Articles

Thyroid
The Initial Risk Stratification System for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Key Updates in the 2024 Korean Thyroid Association Guideline: Shinje Moon, Young Shin Song, Kyong Yeun Jung, Eun Kyung Lee, Jeongmin Lee, Dong-Jun Lim, Chan Kwon Jung, Young Joo Park, on Behalf of the Korean Thyroid Association Clinical Guideline Committee; Endocrinol Metab. 2025;40(3):357-384. Published online June 24, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2025.2465

8,208 View
246 Download
5 Web of Science
8 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

In 2024, the Korean Thyroid Association (KTA) introduced a revised Risk Stratification System (K-RSS) for differentiated thyroid cancer, building upon the modified RSS (M-RSS) proposed by the American Thyroid Association in 2015. The K-RSS emphasizes the cumulative impact of coexisting clinical and pathological features, acknowledging that multiple intermediate-risk factors collectively indicate a higher recurrence risk. Histologic classification follows the 2022 World Health Organization classification, consolidating encapsulated follicular-patterned thyroid carcinomas, including invasive encapsulated follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular thyroid carcinoma, and oncocytic carcinoma of the thyroid gland, and stratifying them by the extent of capsular and vascular invasion. High-grade thyroid carcinoma is newly included. Updated criteria for tumor size and extrathyroidal extension (ETE) represent another significant change. BRAF^V600E-mutated papillary thyroid carcinomas measuring 1 to 2 cm are now considered lower risk than previously classified in the M-RSS, while encapsulated follicular-patterned tumors larger than 4 cm are considered higher risk. Both minimal ETE and gross ETE confined to the strap muscles have been downgraded to low and intermediate risk, respectively. These changes are accompanied by updates regarding molecular profiling and surgical margin status. Collectively, these updates aim to minimize overtreatment in low-risk patients, while ensuring intensified management for those at higher risk.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Development and validation of a machine learning model for predicting high-risk distant metastatic recurrence in differentiated thyroid cancer
Fei Yang, Jie Zhang, Tengfei Liu, Zhijun Zhao
Frontiers in Medicine.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of Tumor Bilaterality and Multifocality in Predicting Recurrence of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Eunji Kim, Jun Hyun Park, Ji-Young Park, Jin Hyang Jung, Sang-Woo Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2026; 41(2): 288. CrossRef
Positive prognostic implications of SPHK1 expression in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma undergoing radioactive iodine therapy
Kyung Won Park, Ja Seong Bae, Dong-Jun Lim, Chan Kwon Jung
Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Overdiagnosis and Overtreatment of Thyroid Cancer and Precision Mitigation Strategies—An Integrated Analysis Based on Evidence-Based Medicine and Risk Stratification Models
云菲李
Advances in Clinical Medicine.2026; 16(04): 4980. CrossRef
Who Really Needs RAI Ablation Therapy for Low-to-Intermediate Risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer? Insights from the IoN Trial
Young Joo Park
Clinical Thyroidology®.2025; 37(9): 323. CrossRef
From Classification to Personalization: Advances in Thyroid Cancer Risk Stratification Systems
Mijin Kim, Bo Hyun Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2025; 40(5): 689. CrossRef
Thyroglobulin Cutoffs after Total Thyroidectomy Without Radioiodine in Low- to Intermediate-Risk Thyroid Cancer: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Mijin Kim, Eun Kyung Lee, Kyeong Jin Kim, Soo Myoung Shin, Jinsun Jang, Je Yoon Shin, Meihua Jin, Ja Seong Bae, Kwangsoon Kim, Won Gu Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Seung Heon Kang, Hee Kyung Kim, Jee Hee Yoon, Yea Eun Kang, Hwa Young Ahn, Young Joo Park, Bo Hyun Kim
Thyroid®.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Diagnostic Challenges, Prognostic Assessment, and Treatment Strategies in High-Grade Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Chan Kwon Jung, Agnes Stephanie Harahap
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2025; 40(6): 830. CrossRef

Thyroid
2025 Korean Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Radioactive Iodine Therapy in Patients with Hyperthyroidism: Kyeong Jin Kim, Eyun Song, Mijin Kim, Hyemi Kwon, Eu Jeong Ku, Hyun Woo Kwon, Jee Hee Yoon, Eun Kyung Lee, Won Woo Lee, Young Joo Park, Dong-Jun Lim, Sun Wook Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Jae Hoon Chung, Tae Yong Kim, Sin Gon Kim, Dong Gyu Na, Jee Soo Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2025;40(3):342-356. Published online June 24, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2025.2464

12,957 View
442 Download
1 Web of Science
1 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Hyperthyroidism is a condition marked by excessive thyroid hormone production, most commonly due to Graves’ disease. Treatment options include antithyroid drugs (ATD), radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, and thyroidectomy. To develop standardized clinical recommendations for RAI therapy with a focus on safety, efficacy, and monitoring, the Korean Thyroid Association formed a task force to create evidence-based guidelines. Six key clinical questions were identified through expert consensus, and a systematic literature review from 2013 to 2022 was conducted. Clinical indications for RAI therapy were categorized into three groups: strongly recommended, may be considered, and not recommended. A fixed dose of 10 to 15 mCi is recommended. Although a strict low-iodine diet is unnecessary, iodine-rich foods should be avoided for at least 1 week before treatment. ATD should be stopped 3 to 7 days before RAI and may be resumed in select cases. Prophylactic glucocorticoids are recommended for patients with mildly active thyroid eye disease and may be considered for others at risk. Thyroid function should be monitored at 4–6 weeks post-treatment, every 2–3 months until stabilized, and then every 6–12 months. These guidelines highlight recent advances and underscore the importance of individualized treatment based on clinical features, comorbidities, and patient preferences in Korea.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Outcome of MRI-Guided Single-Dose Iodine-131 for Graves’ Hyperthyroidism with Large Goiter
Shangcheng Yan, Xiansheng Chen, Bing Yan, Xin Li, Zhen Cao, Pan Zhang, Yajun Wang, Wenmei Guo, Ziwen Liu
Annals of Nuclear Medicine.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

Thyroid
2025 Korean Thyroid Association Clinical Management Guideline on Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Eun Kyung Lee, Min Joo Kim, Seung Heon Kang, Bon Seok Koo, Kyungsik Kim, Mijin Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Ji-hoon Kim, Shinje Moon, Kyorim Back, Young Shin Song, Jong-hyuk Ahn, Hwa Young Ahn, Ho-Ryun Won, Won Sang Yoo, Min Kyoung Lee, Jeongmin Lee, Ji Ye Lee, Kyong Yeun Jung, Chan Kwon Jung, Yoon Young Cho, Dong-Jun Lim, Sun Wook Kim, Young Joo Park, Dong Gyu Na, Jee Soo Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2025;40(3):307-341. Published online June 24, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2025.2461

12,307 View
531 Download
5 Web of Science
7 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

The increasing detection of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has raised concerns regarding overtreatment. For low-risk PTMC, either immediate surgery or active surveillance (AS) can be considered. To facilitate the implementation of AS, the Korean Thyroid Association convened a multidisciplinary panel and developed the first Korean guideline. AS is recommended for adults with pathologically confirmed Bethesda V–VI PTMC who have no clinical evidence of lymph node or distant metastasis, gross extrathyroidal extension, invasion of the trachea or recurrent laryngeal nerve, or aggressive histology. A baseline assessment requires high-resolution neck ultrasound performed by experienced operators to exclude extrathyroidal extension, tracheal or recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion, and lymph node metastasis; contrast-enhanced neck computed tomography is optional. Patient characteristics, including age, comorbidities, and the capacity for long-term follow-up, should be thoroughly assessed. Shared decision-making should carefully weigh the benefits and risks of surgery versus AS, considering expected oncologic outcomes, potential complications, quality of life, anxiety, medical costs, and patient preference. Follow-up involves neck ultrasound and thyroid function tests every 6 months for 2 years and annually thereafter. Disease progression, defined as significant tumor growth or newly detected nodal or distant metastasis, warrants surgery. Despite remaining uncertainties, this guideline provides a structured framework to ensure oncologic safety and supports patient-centered AS.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Feasibility and Safety of Active Surveillance in Subcapsular Thyroid Nodules with High Suspicion for Malignancy
Yan Hu, Wei Zhou, Lu Zhang, Weiwei Zhan
Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.2026; 52(4): 816. CrossRef
Combined Ultrasound and MRI Assessment in Patients Undergoing Reoperation for Recurrent Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Oncological Outcomes and Surgical Safety
Zimei Tang, Jie Liu, Rong Wang, Gang Tian, Anwen Ren, Jiexiao Li, Yiran Wang, Wen Yang, Peng Sun, Tao Huang, Ximeng Zhang, Jie Ming
Current Oncology.2026; 33(2): 98. CrossRef
Multidisciplinary team diagnosis and treatment of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma: current landscape and future prospects
Yuanyuan Li, Peijie Wang, Jiaxin Cao, Haiyan Liu
The Oncologist.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Controlled minimally invasive surgical interventions for the treatment of patients with thyroid carcinoma
David D. Dolidze, Zurab A. Bagatelia, Suren G. Laboyan, Arshak V. Vardanyan, Konstantin S. Titov, Ivan N. Lebedinsky, Georgi Genadi Melkonyan, Dmitriy V. Matveev, Nodar N. Gogitidze, Andrei Y. Lukin, Armen R. Oganyan, David G. Gogolashvili, Anastasia V. B
Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery.2026; 19(1): 45. CrossRef
Overdiagnosis and Overtreatment of Thyroid Cancer and Precision Mitigation Strategies—An Integrated Analysis Based on Evidence-Based Medicine and Risk Stratification Models
云菲李
Advances in Clinical Medicine.2026; 16(04): 4980. CrossRef
Optimal cutoff value of fine-needle aspiration thyroglobulin of metastatic lymph node in thyroid cancer patients
Yang Yang, Xianfeng Jiang
European Journal of Surgical Oncology.2025; 51(11): 110428. CrossRef
Low-risk thyroid cancer: surgery or active surveillance—an application of shared decision-making: a narrative review
Min Joo Kim, Eun Kyung Lee, Sun Wook Cho, Yoo Hyung Kim, Kyu Eun Lee, Su-jin Kim, Woochul Kim, Eun-Jae Chung, Jungirl Seok, Yul Hwangbo, Young Ki Lee, Jinsun Jang, Junsun Ryu, Yuh-Seog Jung, Chang Hwan Ryu, Jae Hoon Moon, June Young Choi, Hyeong Won Yu, K
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2025; 68(9): 573. CrossRef

Original Articles

Diabetes, obesity and metabolism Big Data Articles (National Health Insurance Service Database)
Association between the Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Cardiovascular Risk and Mortality across Different Diabetes Durations: A Nationwide Cohort Study: Jeongeun Kwak, Kyung-Do Han, Eun Young Lee, Seung-Hwan Lee, Dong-Jun Lim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Jeongmin Lee; Endocrinol Metab. 2025;40(4):548-560. Published online March 5, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2205

6,329 View
248 Download
8 Web of Science
9 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
We aimed to assess the association between triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and mortality in a large cohort of diabetes patients.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study of 1,090,485 participants from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database was conducted. Participants were stratified into TyG quartiles.
Results
Higher TyG index quartiles were significantly associated with an increased CVD risk and mortality risk. In fully adjusted models, participants in the highest TyG quartile (Q4) had an 18% higher risk of CVD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13 to 1.23) and a 16% higher risk of mortality (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.23) compared to those in the lowest quartile (Q1). The association was particularly pronounced in patients with fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL (CVD [HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.29 to 1.37], mortality [HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.26]; P for interaction <0.001). Patients with a diabetes duration of ≥10 years showed the strongest association between the TyG index and CVD risk (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.38 to 1.50), while the mortality risk was particularly elevated in those with a diabetes duration of less than 5 years (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.30). Subgroup analyses revealed stronger associations between TyG index and CVD risk in younger participants, non-obese individuals, and non-smokers.
Conclusion
The TyG index is a significant predictor of CVD and mortality in diabetic patients, particularly in those with poor glycemic control or longer disease duration.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Preoperative triglyceride–glucose index as a metabolic predictor of surgical site infection after posterior lumbar fusion
Yu Hua, Shaoxing Li, Yuan Jiang, Jinwang Liu
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Combined effect of triglyceride-glucose index and glucose disposal rate on cardio-cerebrovascular disease
Hongfei Yang, Chao Sun, Ya Li, You Zhou, Rui Wang, Yingxue Li, Marwan Salih Al-Nimer
PLOS One.2026; 21(2): e0342154. CrossRef
The association between insulin resistance indices and the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with premature myocardial infarction: a prospective cohort study
Yu Zhou, Yuhang Wang, Jingxi Chen, Lai Jiang, Ran Chu, Weiwei Tian, Jiaxin Wang, Yin Liu, Jing Gao
Frontiers in Nutrition.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Current evidence on lipid ratios for cardiovascular risk assessment in diabetes: A review
E. Carretero-Anibarro, D. Orozco-Beltran
Primary Care Diabetes.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Continuous glucose monitoring and risks of acute and chronic diabetes-related complications and mortality in adults with type 1 diabetes: a nationwide cohort study
Ji Yoon Kim, Seohyun Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim
Diabetologia.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Analysis of the prevalence of dyslipidemia in early-onset schizophrenia patients and its correlation with clinical characteristics
Kehuang Li, Zhiwei Liu, Liang Sun, Jingjing Zhang, Xinglong Yin, Zhaokun Zhang, Changjie Cao
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
The Triglyceride-Glucose Index: A Practical Tool for Enhanced Cardiovascular Risk Stratification in Type 2 Diabetes
Jang Won Son
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2025; 40(4): 545. CrossRef
The association between triglyceride-glucose index and all-cause/cardiovascular mortality in patients with different glucose metabolism statuses
Jiajun Liu, Jinhua Kang, Pengpeng Liang, Zhangxiao Song, Guiyun Li, Xueshan Jin, Hongyan Wu
Cardiovascular Diabetology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Standardized Triglyceride-Glucose and Plasma Atherogenic Indices as Predictors of Diabetic Nephropathy and Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Nazif Yalçın, Nizameddin Koca
European Journal of Therapeutics.2025; 32(1): 1. CrossRef

Thyroid
Microvascular Ultrasonography Vascularity Index as a Rapid and Simplified Assessment Tool for Differentiating Graves’ Disease from Destructive Thyroiditis and Managing Thyrotoxicosis: Han-Sang Baek, Chaiho Jeong, Jeonghoon Ha, Dong-Jun Lim; Endocrinol Metab. 2025;40(3):394-404. Published online February 25, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2206

3,352 View
90 Download
1 Web of Science
2 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background
Thyrotoxicosis presents significant diagnostic challenges in distinguishing Graves’ disease (GD) from destruction-induced thyrotoxicosis (DT) using ultrasound imaging. We evaluated a new technology, microvascular ultrasonography (MVUS) to effectively differentiate between GD and DT, and observe the MVUS changes during follow-up.
Methods
A total of 264 consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled into two cohorts from August 2022 to March 2024 at one tertiary referral hospital: cohort 1 comprised patients initially presenting with thyrotoxicosis (n=185; 98 with GD and 87 with DT). Cohort 2 included patients either with GD considering antithyroid drug discontinuation or with DT in the follow-up phase after treatment (n=77). Ultrasound imaging was conducted using the MVUS technique, and the vascularity index (MVUS-VI) was automatically calculated as the percentage ratio of color pixels to total grayscale pixels within a specified region of interest.
Results
Diagnostic accuracy highlighted MVUS-VI as the most accurate diagnostic tool, achieving a sensitivity of 79.6%, specificity of 84.3%, with an area under the curve of 0.856 (95% confidence interval, 0.800 to 0.911). Presence of thyroid peroxidase antibody or thyroglobulin antibody affected MVUS-VI’s performance, requiring a higher cut-off value for specificity in this subgroup. Follow-up in cohort 2 (n=77) demonstrated significant normalization in thyroid function and reductions in MVUS-VI from an initial 32.6%±23.4% to 20.8%±13.5% at follow-up (P<0.001).
Conclusion
MVUS-VI provides a rapid, non-invasive diagnostic alternative to traditional methods in differentiating GD from DT, thus aiding in the management of patients with thyrotoxicosis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Update on newer ultrasound systems to study the microvasculature
Orlando Catalano, Antonio Pio Masciotra
La radiologia medica.2025; 130(8): 1283. CrossRef
Diagnostic Approach and Therapeutic Strategies for Ambiguous Thyrotoxicosis
Mijin Kim
The Korean Journal of Medicine.2025; 100(5): 241. CrossRef

Thyroid
Deep Learning Technology for Classification of Thyroid Nodules Using Multi-View Ultrasound Images: Potential Benefits and Challenges in Clinical Application: Jinyoung Kim, Min-Hee Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Hankyeol Lee, Jae Jun Lee, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Mee Kyoung Kim, Ki-Ho Song, Tae-Jung Kim, So Lyung Jung, Yong Oh Lee, Ki-Hyun Baek; Endocrinol Metab. 2025;40(2):216-224. Published online January 13, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2058

9,743 View
284 Download
9 Web of Science
8 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of deep learning technology to thyroid ultrasound images for classification of thyroid nodules.
Methods
This retrospective analysis included ultrasound images of patients with thyroid nodules investigated by fine-needle aspiration at the thyroid clinic of a single center from April 2010 to September 2012. Thyroid nodules with cytopathologic results of Bethesda category V (suspicious for malignancy) or VI (malignant) were defined as thyroid cancer. Multiple deep learning algorithms based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) —ResNet, DenseNet, and EfficientNet—were utilized, and Siamese neural networks facilitated multi-view analysis of paired transverse and longitudinal ultrasound images.
Results
Among 1,048 analyzed thyroid nodules from 943 patients, 306 (29%) were identified as thyroid cancer. In a subgroup analysis of transverse and longitudinal images, longitudinal images showed superior prediction ability. Multi-view modeling, based on paired transverse and longitudinal images, significantly improved the model performance; with an accuracy of 0.82 (95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.80 to 0.86) with ResNet50, 0.83 (95% CI, 0.83 to 0.88) with DenseNet201, and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.79 to 0.84) with EfficientNetv2_ s. Training with high-resolution images obtained using the latest equipment tended to improve model performance in association with increased sensitivity.
Conclusion
CNN algorithms applied to ultrasound images demonstrated substantial accuracy in thyroid nodule classification, indicating their potential as valuable tools for diagnosing thyroid cancer. However, in real-world clinical settings, it is important to aware that model performance may vary depending on the quality of images acquired by different physicians and imaging devices.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Molecular intelligence and immune reconnaissance in thyroid cancer: a new paradigm for diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapeutic precision
Marcio J. Concepción-Zavaleta, Jenyfer M. Fuentes-Mendoza, Alfredo Cruz-Quintá, Argelia V. Cadena-Guerrero, Ximena Barrón, Luis Concepción-Urteaga, Cristian D. Armas, José Paz-Ibarra, Juan Eduardo Quiroz-Aldave
Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy.2026; 26(5): 585. CrossRef
Deep Learning for Ultrasound Classification to Identify Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasms with Papillary–Like Nuclear Features
I-Hung Chien, Yi-Chiung Hsu, Shih-Ping Cheng
Journal of Imaging Informatics in Medicine.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Knowledge-Prompted Trustworthy Disentangled Learning for Thyroid Ultrasound Segmentation With Limited Annotations
Wenxu Wang, Weizhen Wang, Qianjin Feng, Yu Zhang, Zhenyuan Ning
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.2026; 35: 983. CrossRef
Integrating Robotic Bilateral Axillo-Breast Approach Thyroidectomy with Molecular Diagnostics and Artificial Intelligence in Thyroid Cancer Care
Qiang Deng, Xiaoping Men, Duo Jin, Yuzhuo Bai
Biomolecules & Therapeutics.2026; 34(1): 45. CrossRef
Improving Non-Invasive Prediction of Thyroid Nodule Malignancy: A Machine Learning-Based Clinical Approach
Maja Reiner, Hanna Drobińska, Michał Miciak, Michał Kisiel, Szymon Biernat, Krzysztof Kaliszewski
Cancer Management and Research.2026; Volume 18: 1. CrossRef
An early evaluation of MedSigLIP in thyroid cytology: a comparative frozen-encoder benchmark against ImageNet-pretrained encoders
Mehmet Poyrazer, Rıdvan Erten
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Deep Learning for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Cancer: A Review
Rili Gao, Shangqing Mai, Song Wang, Wuqiang Hu, Zhangqi Chang, Guozhi Wu, Haixia Guan
Endocrine Practice.2025; 31(12): 1608. CrossRef
Artificial Intelligence for Thyroid Ultrasound: Clinical Performance, Pitfalls, and Practice Integration
Junseok Kang, Jihyun Ahn, Jeong Hun Hah
Clinical Ultrasound.2025; 10(2): 59. CrossRef

Thyroid
In Vitro Investigation of HIF-1α as a Therapeutic Target for Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy: Jeongmin Lee, Jinsoo Lee, Hansang Baek, Dong-Jun Lim, Seong-Beom Lee, Jung-Min Lee, Sang-Ah Jang, Moo Il Kang, Suk-Woo Yang, Min-Hee Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(5):767-776. Published online October 16, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.1952

4,196 View
114 Download
3 Web of Science
2 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) involves tissue expansion and inflammation, potentially causing a hypoxic microenvironment. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is crucial in fibrosis and adipogenesis, which are observed in TAO progression. We investigated the effects of hypoxia on orbital fibroblasts (OFs) in TAO, focusing on the role of HIF-1α in TAO progression.
Methods
OFs were isolated from TAO and non-TAO patients (as controls). In addition to HIF-1α, adipogenic differentiation markers including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (CEBP) were measured by Western blot, and phenotype changes were evaluated by Oil Red O staining under both normoxia and hypoxia. To elucidate the effect of HIF-1α inhibition, protein expression changes after HIF-1α inhibitor treatment were evaluated under normoxia and hypoxia.
Results
TAO OFs exhibited significantly higher HIF-1α expression than non-TAO OFs, and the difference was more distinct under hypoxia than under normoxia. Oil Red O staining showed that adipogenic differentiation of TAO OFs was prominent under hypoxia. Hypoxic conditions increased the expression of adipogenic markers, namely PPARγ and CEBP, as well as HIF-1α in TAO OFs. Interleukin 6 levels also increased in response to hypoxia. The effect of hypoxia on adipogenesis was reduced at the protein level after HIF-1α inhibitor treatment, and this inhibitory effect was sustained even with IGF-1 stimulation in addition to hypoxia.
Conclusion
Hypoxia induces tissue remodeling in TAO by stimulating adipogenesis through HIF-1α activation. These data could provide insights into new treatment strategies and the mechanisms of adipose tissue remodeling in TAO.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-α in Autoimmune Diseases—Insights from the Paradigm of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: A Narrative Review
Nika Srb, Andrea Milostić-Srb, Lea Sarić, Dubravka Holik, Matej Šapina, Rajko Fureš, Jasminka Talapko, Ivana Škrlec, Darko Katalinić, Borna Kovačić
Medical Sciences.2026; 14(1): 61. CrossRef
Integrative transcriptomic profiling and machine learning reveal hypoxia-associated molecular signatures for precision diagnosis in thyroid eye disease
Weijin Qian, Tianyi Zhu, Jin Liu, Yining Wei, Li Yang, Lianfei Fang, Jing Sun, Yinwei Li, Sijie Fang, Huifang Zhou
Human Genomics.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Thyroid Thyroid Cancer Screening
Cost-Utility Analysis of Early Detection with Ultrasonography of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Retrospective Study on a Korean Population: Han-Sang Baek, Jeonghoon Ha, Kwangsoon Kim, Ja Seong Bae, Jeong Soo Kim, Sungju Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Chul-Min Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(2):310-323. Published online April 9, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1870

7,179 View
132 Download
1 Web of Science
1 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
There is debate about ultrasonography screening for thyroid cancer and its cost-effectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of early screening (ES) versus symptomatic detection (SD) for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in Korea.
Methods
A Markov decision analysis model was constructed to compare the cost-effectiveness of ES and SD. The model considered direct medical costs, health outcomes, and different diagnostic and treatment pathways. Input data were derived from literature and Korean population studies. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated. Willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold was set at USD 100,000 or 20,000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to address uncertainties of the model’s variables.
Results
In a base case scenario with 50 years of follow-up, ES was found to be cost-effective compared to SD, with an ICER of $2,852 per QALY. With WTP set at $100,000, in the case with follow-up less than 10 years, the SD was cost-effective. Sensitivity analysis showed that variables such as lobectomy probability, age, mortality, and utility scores significantly influenced the ICER. Despite variations in costs and other factors, all ICER values remained below the WTP threshold.
Conclusion
Findings of this study indicate that ES is a cost-effective strategy for DTC screening in the Korean medical system. Early detection and subsequent lobectomy contribute to the cost-effectiveness of ES, while SD at an advanced stage makes ES more cost-effective. Expected follow-up duration should be considered to determine an optimal strategy for DTC screening.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Conventional and Emerging Diagnostic Approaches for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Kathelina Kristollari, Abraham Abbey Paul, Sagi Angel, Robert S. Marks
Chemosensors.2024; 12(11): 229. CrossRef

Diabetes, obesity and metabolism Big Data Articles (National Health Insurance Service Database)
Long-Term Cumulative Exposure to High γ-Glutamyl Transferase Levels and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study: Han-Sang Baek, Bongseong Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee, Dong-Jun Lim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Sang-Ah Chang, Kyungdo Han, Jae-Seung Yun; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(6):770-781. Published online November 6, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1726

6,633 View
84 Download
7 Web of Science
6 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
Elevated γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GTP) levels are associated with metabolic syndrome. We investigated the association of cumulative exposure to high γ-GTP with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a large-scale population.
Methods
Using nationally representative data from the Korean National Health Insurance system, 1,640,127 people with 4 years of consecutive γ-GTP measurements from 2009 to 2012 were included and followed up until the end of 2019. For each year of the study period, participants were grouped by the number of exposures to the highest γ-GTP quartile (0–4), and the sum of quartiles (0–12) was defined as cumulative γ-GTP exposure. The hazard ratio for CVD was evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model.
Results
During the 6.4 years of follow-up, there were 15,980 cases (0.97%) of myocardial infarction (MI), 14,563 (0.89%) of stroke, 29,717 (1.81%) of CVD, and 25,916 (1.58%) of death. Persistent exposure to high γ-GTP levels was associated with higher risks of MI, stroke, CVD, and death than those without such exposure. The risks of MI, stroke, CVD, and mortality increased in a dose-dependent manner according to total cumulative γ-GTP (all P for trend <0.0001). Subjects younger than 65 years, with a body mass index <25 kg/m², and without hypertension or fatty liver showed a stronger relationship between cumulative γ-GTP and the incidence of MI, CVD, and death.
Conclusion
Cumulative γ-GTP elevation is associated with CVD. γ-GTP could be more widely used as an early marker of CVD risk, especially in individuals without traditional CVD risk factors.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Latent class analysis of association between occupational hazard factors and gamma-glutamyltransferase in automobile manufacturing workers: a cross-sectional study
Huixia Ji, Dandan Liu, Ye Chen
Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase with In-hospital Heart Failure in Patients with ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
An-Cheng Hou, Jian-Tong Hou, Wei-Ning Zhou, Yan-Jin Wei, Zhi-Hong Ou, Cun-Fei Liu
Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The J-shaped relationship between the gamma-glutamyltransferase to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and mortality risk in U.S. adults
Shujuan Qiu, Chunlei Li, Zhentao Guo
Preventive Medicine Reports.2025; 52: 102958. CrossRef
Association between the levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and the risk of stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis
Gustavo Adolfo Vásquez-Tirado, Stefany M. Nieto-Rivera, Claudia Vanessa Quispe-Castañeda, Edinson Dante Meregildo-Rodríguez, Leslie Jacqueline Liñán-Díaz, Wilson Marcial Guzmán-Aguilar
Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria.2025; 83(07): 001. CrossRef
Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase level is associated with the risk of pancreatic cystic neoplasms: A nationwide retrospective cohort study
Min Woo Lee, Jin Myung Park, In Rae Cho, Kwang Hyun Chung, Bong Seong Kim, Jin Ho Choi, Woo Hyun Paik, Ji Kon Ryu, Kyungdo Han, Sang Hyub Lee
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Interplay of serum biomarkers bilirubin and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase in predicting cardiovascular complications in type-2 diabetes mellitus
Ebtesam Abdullah Al-Suhaimi, Abdullah Ahmed Al-Rubaish
World Journal of Diabetes.2024; 15(6): 1074. CrossRef

Thyroid
Exploring the Association between Thyroid Function and Frailty: Insights from Representative Korean Data: Youn-Ju Lee, Min-Hee Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Jung-Min Lee, Sang Ah Chang, Jeongmin Lee; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(6):729-738. Published online November 2, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1769

6,444 View
250 Download
8 Web of Science
8 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background
This study investigates the association between thyroid function and frailty in the old patients using representative data.
Methods
The study was conducted using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2013 to 2015. The study population included 2,416 participants aged 50 years and older with available thyroid function test data. Frailty assessment was performed using the Fried frailty phenotype. The prevalence of frailty was analyzed across different thyroid diseases and thyroid function parameters.
Results
The significant association between thyroid dysfunction and frailty was observed in overt hyperthyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism. After adjusting for various factors, the association between thyroid dysfunction and frailty remained significant. On the other hand, overt hypothyroidism did not show a significant association with frailty in the adjusted analysis. For individuals with overt hyperthyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism, higher levels of free thyroxine (FT4) were significantly associated with an increased risk of frailty (aOR >999; 95% CI, >999 to 999). Among individuals with overt hypothyroidism, lower level of FT4 levels and high thyrotropin (TSH) levels showed a significant association with frailty risk (FT4: aOR, <0.01; TSH: aOR, 999). In participants with subclinical hypothyroidism, there were no significant associations between parameters for thyroid and frailty risk.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that thyroid dysfunction, particularly overt hyperthyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism, may be associated with an increased risk of frailty in the old patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association of iodized salt intake with the risk of physical frailty in patients with type 2 diabetes
Jiang Li, Jie Li, Ying Sun, Yanqi Fu, Wenqi Shen, Lingli Cai, Fei Xu, Ling Gao, Ningjian Wang, Bin Wang, Yingli Lu
The Journal of nutrition, health and aging.2025; 29(6): 100543. CrossRef
Development and validation of a predictive nomogram for frailty based on thyroid function in older adults
Xiaotian Shi, Huayu Yang, Shan Wang, Yifan Yang, Yuanyuan Li, Guoze Dou, Qing Ma
European Geriatric Medicine.2025; 16(5): 1861. CrossRef
Associations between thyroid function, thyroid hormone sensitivity indices, and frailty: Insights from a large cross-sectional study
Yusheng Zhang, Daowen Zhang, Chenwen Yuan, Yiming Wang, Hao Zhu, Yu Duan
Experimental Gerontology.2025; 208: 112822. CrossRef
Subclinical hyperthyroidism
Alasdair Cooper, Prakash Abraham
Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity.2025; 32(5): 175. CrossRef
Endocrine Adaptations to Prolonged Fasting: From Physiology, Clinical Uncertainties, Translational Challenges to Healthspan Implications
Rok Herman, Jure Trsan, Luka Lipar, Mojca Jensterle, Andrej Janez
Nutrients.2025; 17(24): 3949. CrossRef
Associations of thyroid feedback quantile-based index with diabetes in euthyroid adults in the United States and China
Heng Wan, Genfeng Yu, Yajun He, Siyang Liu, Xingying Chen, Yuqi Jiang, Hualin Duan, Xu Lin, Lan Liu, Jie Shen
Annals of Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Comorbid Hypothyroidism and Low-Alanine Aminotransferase-Associated Sarcopenia Associated with Shortened Survival: A Retrospective Study of 16,827 Patients over a 21-Year Period
Omer Segal, Rabia Khoury, Adva Vaisman, Gad Segal
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(19): 5838. CrossRef
A Neglected Point: Frailty in Older Adults with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Meric Coskun, Esra Cataltepe, Hacer Dogan Varan, Eda Ceker, Yasemin Bektas, Yasemin Kuscu, Mehmet Muhittin Yalcin, Mujde Akturk, Fusun Balos Toruner, Mehmet Ayhan Karakoc, Alev Eroglu Altinova
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(6): 899. CrossRef

Thyroid
The Early Changes in Thyroid-Stimulating Immunoglobulin Bioassay over Anti-Thyroid Drug Treatment Could Predict Prognosis of Graves’ Disease: Jin Yu, Han-Sang Baek, Chaiho Jeong, Kwanhoon Jo, Jeongmin Lee, Jeonghoon Ha, Min Hee Kim, Jungmin Lee, Dong-Jun Lim; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(3):338-346. Published online June 9, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1664

7,965 View
174 Download
6 Web of Science
7 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
To determine whether baseline thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) bioassay or its early response upon treatment with an anti-thyroid drug (ATD) can predict prognosis of Graves’ disease (GD) in real-world practice.
Methods
This retrospective study enrolled GD patients who had previous ATD treatment with TSI bioassay checked at baseline and at follow-up from April 2010 to November 2019 in one referral hospital. The study population were divided into two groups: patients who experienced relapse or continued ATD (relapse/persistence), and patients who experienced no relapse after ATD discontinuation (remission). The slope and area under the curve at 1st year (AUC_1yr) of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies including TSI bioassay and thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII) were calculated as differences between baseline and second values divided by time duration (year).
Results
Among enrolled 156 study subjects, 74 (47.4%) had relapse/persistence. Baseline TSI bioassay values did not show significant differences between the two groups. However, the relapse/persistence group showed less decremental TSI bioassay in response to ATD than the remission group (–84.7 [TSI slope, –198.2 to 8.2] vs. –120.1 [TSI slope, –204.4 to –45.9], P=0.026), whereas the TBII slope was not significantly different between the two groups. The relapse/persistence group showed higher AUC_1yr of TSI bioassay and TBII in the 1st year during ATD treatment than the remission group (AUC_1yr for TSI bioassay, P=0.0125; AUC_1yr for TBII, P=0.001).
Conclusion
Early changes in TSI bioassay can better predict prognosis of GD than TBII. Measurement of TSI bioassay at beginning and follow-up could help predict GD prognosis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Predictors of Treatment Outcomes in Pediatric Graves’ Disease
Do Young Shin, Eungu Kang, Hyo-Kyoung Nam, Kee-Hyoung Lee, Young-Jun Rhie
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
A Predictive Model for Graves’ Disease Recurrence After Antithyroid Drug Therapy: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study
Omar El Kawkgi, David Toro-Tobon, Freddy J.K. Toloza, Sebastian Vallejo, Cristian Soto Jacome, Ivan N. Ayala, Bryan A. Vallejo, Camila Wenczenovicz, Olivia Tzeng, Horace J. Spencer, Jeff D. Thostenson, Dingfeng Li, Jacob Kohlenberg, Eddy Lincango, Sneha M
Endocrine Practice.2025; 31(4): 455. CrossRef
Microvascular Ultrasonography Vascularity Index as a Rapid and Simplified Assessment Tool for Differentiating Graves’ Disease from Destructive Thyroiditis and Managing Thyrotoxicosis
Han-Sang Baek, Chaiho Jeong, Jeonghoon Ha, Dong-Jun Lim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2025; 40(3): 394. CrossRef
High TRAb Titer at Diagnosis Predicts Persistent Positivity and Relapse in Graves’ Disease after Prolonged Antithyroid Therapy
Zimiao Chen, Jinglu Xu, Wenrui Kang, Yang Zhang, Rujun Chen, Xiaohua Gong
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2025; 40(6): 950. CrossRef
Enhanced predictive validity of integrative models for refractory hyperthyroidism considering baseline and early therapy characteristics: a prospective cohort study
Xinpan Wang, Tiantian Li, Yue Li, Qiuyi Wang, Yun Cai, Zhixiao Wang, Yun Shi, Tao Yang, Xuqin Zheng
Journal of Translational Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Long-term Effect of Thyrotropin-binding Inhibitor Immunoglobulin on Atrial Fibrillation in Euthyroid Patients
Jung-Chi Hsu, Kang-Chih Fan, Ting-Chuan Wang, Shu-Lin Chuang, Ying-Ting Chao, Ting-Tse Lin, Kuan-Chih Huang, Lian-Yu Lin, Lung-Chun Lin
Endocrine Practice.2024; 30(6): 537. CrossRef
Dynamic Risk Model for the Medical Treatment of Graves’ Hyperthyroidism according to Treatment Duration
Meihua Jin, Chae A Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Won Bae Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Won Gu Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(4): 579. CrossRef

Response

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Characteristics of Glycemic Control and Long-Term Complications in Patients with Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes (Endocrinol Metab 2022;37:641-51, Han-sang Baek et al.): Han-sang Baek, Ji-Yeon Park, Jin Yu, Joonyub Lee, Yeoree Yang, Jeonghoon Ha, Seung Hwan Lee, Jae Hyoung Cho, Dong-Jun Lim, Hun-Sung Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(6):945-946. Published online December 2, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.602

4,485 View
177 Download
2 Crossref

PDF PubReader ePub

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Young patients with type 2 diabetes have high relative risks for complications in a country with middle-high sociodemographic index, similarly to those countries with high index
Gergő A. Molnár, Zoltán Kiss, István Wittmann
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Differences in cardiovascular disease incidence according to changes in obesity status in young diabetic patients
Do Kyeong Song, Yeon-Ah Sung, Young Sun Hong, Min-ho Kim, Hyejin Lee
Cardiovascular Diabetology – Endocrinology Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Characteristics of Glycemic Control and Long-Term Complications in Patients with Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: Han-sang Baek, Ji-Yeon Park, Jin Yu, Joonyub Lee, Yeoree Yang, Jeonghoon Ha, Seung Hwan Lee, Jae Hyoung Cho, Dong-Jun Lim, Hun-Sung Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(4):641-651. Published online August 29, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1501

12,802 View
246 Download
17 Web of Science
13 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background
The prevalence of young-onset diabetes (YOD) has been increasing worldwide. As the incidence of YOD increases, it is necessary to determine the characteristics of YOD and the factors that influence its development and associated complications.
Methods
In this retrospective study, we recruited patients who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus between June 2001 and December 2021 at a tertiary hospital. The study population was categorized according to age: YOD (age <40 years), middle-age-onset diabetes (MOD, 40≤ age <65 years), and late-onset diabetes (LOD, age ≥65 years). We examined trends in glycemic control by analyzing fasting glucose levels during the first year in each age group. A Cox proportional-hazards model was used to determine the relative risk of developing complications according to glycemic control trends.
Results
The fasting glucose level at the time of diagnosis was highest in the YOD group (YOD 149±65 mg/dL; MOD 143±54 mg/dL; and LOD 140±55 mg/dL; p=0.009). In the YOD group, glucose levels decreased at 3 months, but increased by 12 months. YOD patients and those with poor glycemic control in the first year were at a higher risk of developing complications, whereas the risk in patients with LOD was not statistically significant.
Conclusion
YOD patients had higher glucose levels at diagnosis, and their glycemic control was poorly maintained. As poor glycemic control can influence the development of complications, especially in young patients, intensive treatment is necessary for patients with YOD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association of Age at Type 2 Diabetes Onset With Diabetes Progression
Seyedeh Forough Sajjadi, Julian W. Sacre, Agus Salim, Brian Oldenburg, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Kavumpurathu R. Thankappan, Sathish Thirunavukkarasu, Dianna J. Magliano, Jonathan E. Shaw
Diabetes Care.2026; 49(1): 118. CrossRef
Semaglutide Treatment in Young Adults Living With Type 2 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis From the SUSTAIN and PIONEER Clinical Trials
Francesco Zaccardi, Vanita R. Aroda, Ecenur Guder Arslan, Lars Bardtrum, Jonathan Goldney, Erik Ising, Prachi Priyadarshini, Tommy Slater, Melanie J. Davies
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Differential Exercise Requirements for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Resolution Across Age Groups: A Longitudinal Study of Korean Military Officers
Jaejun Lee, Dong Yeup Lee, Jae Hyeop Jung, Eunkyoung Bae, Jeong A. Yu, Hyun Yang
Journal of Physical Activity and Health.2025; 22(3): 323. CrossRef
Association between body mass index and survival after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Han-Sang Baek, Jong Hyuk Lee, Joonyub Lee, Seung-Hwan Lee, Gi June Min, Sung-Soo Park, Silvia Park, Sung-Eun Lee, Byung-Sik Cho, Ki-Seong Eom, Yoo-Jin Kim, Seok Lee, Hee-Je Kim, Chang-Ki Min, Seok-Goo Cho, Jong Wook Lee, Jae-Ho Yoon
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2025; 40(4): 645. CrossRef
Increased risk of incident mental disorders in adults with new-onset type 1 diabetes diagnosed after the age of 19: A nationwide cohort study
Seohyun Kim, Gyuri Kim, So Hyun Cho, Rosa Oh, Ji Yoon Kim, You-Bin Lee, Sang-Man Jin, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jae Hyeon Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism.2024; 50(1): 101505. CrossRef
Association between age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risks: A nationwide population-based study
Da Hea Seo, Mina Kim, Young Ju Suh, Yongin Cho, Seong Hee Ahn, Seongbin Hong, So Hun Kim
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2024; 208: 111098. CrossRef
Impact of diabetes distress on glycemic control and diabetic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Hye-Sun Park, Yongin Cho, Da Hea Seo, Seong Hee Ahn, Seongbin Hong, Young Ju Suh, Suk Chon, Jeong-Taek Woo, Sei Hyun Baik, Kwan Woo Lee, So Hun Kim
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Early onset type 2 diabetes mellitus: an update
Myrsini Strati, Melpomeni Moustaki, Theodora Psaltopoulou, Andromachi Vryonidou, Stavroula A. Paschou
Endocrine.2024; 85(3): 965. CrossRef
The Effect of Glycemic Control on Cardiovascular Disease Progression in Adults With Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Longitudinal Cohort Analysis
Amna Gilani, Khalid Umar, Fatima Gilani, Muhammad Ahmad, Mahnoor S Abbasi, Muhammad Yaseen, Muhammad Zeeshan, Naqeeb Ullah, Aiman Waseem, Fatima Batool, Sundas Safdar
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Complications and Treatment of Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes
Fahimeh Soheilipour, Naghmeh Abbasi Kasbi, Mahshid Imankhan, Delaram Eskandari
International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Characteristics of Glycemic Control and Long-Term Complications in Patients with Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes (Endocrinol Metab 2022;37:641-51, Han-sang Baek et al.)
Han-sang Baek, Ji-Yeon Park, Jin Yu, Joonyub Lee, Yeoree Yang, Jeonghoon Ha, Seung Hwan Lee, Jae Hyoung Cho, Dong-Jun Lim, Hun-Sung Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(6): 945. CrossRef
ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Management of the child, adolescent, and young adult with diabetes in limited resource settings
Anju Virmani, Stuart J. Brink, Angela Middlehurst, Fauzia Mohsin, Franco Giraudo, Archana Sarda, Sana Ajmal, Julia E. von Oettingen, Kuben Pillay, Supawadee Likitmaskul, Luis Eduardo Calliari, Maria E. Craig
Pediatric Diabetes.2022; 23(8): 1529. CrossRef
Characteristics of Glycemic Control and Long-Term Complications in Patients with Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes (Endocrinol Metab 2022;37:641-51, Han-sang Baek et al.)
May Thu Hla Aye, Sajid Adhi Raja, Vui Heng Chong
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(6): 943. CrossRef

Thyroid
Quality of Life of Survivors of Thyroid Cancer Is Not Inferior to That in Subjects without Cancer: Long-Term after Over 5 Years: Jeongmin Lee, Youn-Ju Lee, Dong-Jun Lim, Jung-Min Lee, Sang-Ah Chang, Min-Hee Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(4):664-673. Published online August 29, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1499

8,687 View
311 Download
7 Web of Science
10 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
Patients with thyroid cancer undergo less extensive surgery and additional therapies compared to those with other cancers. We aimed to compare the quality of life (QoL) between patients with thyroid cancer and healthy subjects using representative data from Korea. Differences in QoL of thyroid cancer survivors according to the duration after cancer diagnosis was also evaluated.
Methods
This population-based cohort study included 50,278 subjects who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2007 and 2017. QoL was compared between patients with thyroid cancer and healthy subjects using self-reported data from the EuroQoL (EQ)-5 dimension (5D) and EQ-visual analog scale (VAS). Propensity score matching was used to match thyroid cancer survivors to healthy subjects (1:5 matching).
Results
Linear regression with univariate analysis showed that the presence of thyroid cancer was positively correlated with better EQ-5D index scores (β-coefficient=0.010, p=0.046). After adjusting for multiple covariables, statistical significance was maintained. EQ-VAS fails to demonstrate any significant correlation. Among the EQ-5D categories, patients with thyroid cancer showed better self-care than healthy subjects. Thyroid cancer duration did not correlate with the EQ-5D index score. In subgroup analyses, compared to patients with thyroid cancer duration of <5 years, no significant difference was observed in the correlation between the EQ-5D index score and survival duration in those with thyroid cancer duration of 5 to 9 years and ≥10 years.
Conclusion
Using a large-scale nationwide population-based database, our study demonstrated better QoL, especially in terms of self-care, among thyroid cancer survivors than among healthy subjects without cancer.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Patient preferences in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma management are driven by aversion toward complications rather than treatment pathway
Rebecca Kowalski, Kendyl Carlisle, Aprill N. Park, Salome Ricci, Reuben Don, Carrie Cunningham, Julia F. Slejko, C. Daniel Mullins, Yinin Hu
Surgery.2026; 189: 109694. CrossRef
Quality of Life in Thyroid Cancer Survivors: The Influence of Obesity
Nadjib Kaouache, Abdelhak Lakehal, Nassim Nouri
AACE Endocrinology and Diabetes.2026; 13(2): 139. CrossRef
Prospective Predictors of Poor Emotional Functioning in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Gerasimos P. Sykiotis, Athina Mageiropoulou, Akram Al-Ibraheem, Monica Pinto, Ioannis Iakovou, Arild Andre Østhus, Eva Gamper, Eva Hammerlid, Laura Deborah Locati, Ricardo Ribeiro Gama, Giuseppe Fanetti, Naomi Kiyota, Juan Ignacio Arraras, Johanna Inheste
Thyroid®.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Thyroid Cancer Survivors Experience Persistent Symptoms and Health-Related Quality-of-Life Deficits 12 Months Following Surgery
Christine J. O’Neill, Christopher W. Rowe, Harriet Morris-Baguley, Melissa A. Carlson, Sarah Leask, Tara Clinton-McHarg, Elizabeth Holliday, Elizabeth A. Fradgley, Christine L. Paul
Thyroid®.2025; 35(9): 1039. CrossRef
Differences in health state valuation for small, low-risk thyroid cancer between general population and cancer survivors: a cross-sectional analysis
Kendyl Carlisle, Rebecca Kowalski, Aprill N. Park, Salome Ricci, Kai Sun, Carrie Cunningham, Julia F. Slejko, C. Daniel Mullins, Yinin Hu
Quality of Life Research.2025; 34(10): 2891. CrossRef
Longitudinal Changes in Quality of Life Before and After Thyroidectomy in Patients With Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Byung Hun Kim, Soo Rack Ryu, Jin Won Lee, Chang Myeon Song, Yong Bae Ji, Seok Hyun Cho, Seung Hwan Lee, Kyung Tae
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 109(6): 1505. CrossRef
Quality of Life in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients after Total Thyroidectomy and Radioiodine
Jie Liu
Clinical Thyroidology®.2024; 36(5): 180. CrossRef
Quality-of-Life Changes after Thyroidectomy for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Simone de Leo
Clinical Thyroidology®.2024; 36(8): 294. CrossRef
Quality of Life Considerations in Patients Treated for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Jie Liu
Clinical Thyroidology.2023; 35(4): 160. CrossRef
The psychosocial impact of thyroid cancer
Parker Haymart, Nina Jackson Levin, Megan R. Haymart
Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity.2023; 30(5): 252. CrossRef

Thyroid
Usefulness of Real-Time Quantitative Microvascular Ultrasonography for Differentiation of Graves’ Disease from Destructive Thyroiditis in Thyrotoxic Patients: Han-Sang Baek, Ji-Yeon Park, Chai-Ho Jeong, Jeonghoon Ha, Moo Il Kang, Dong-Jun Lim; Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(2):323-332. Published online April 13, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1413

7,815 View
191 Download
8 Web of Science
8 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
Microvascular ultrasonography (MVUS) is a third-generation Doppler technique that was developed to increase sensitivity compared to conventional Doppler. The purpose of this study was to compare MVUS with conventional color Doppler (CD) and power Doppler (PD) imaging to distinguish Graves’ disease (GD) from destructive thyroiditis (DT).
Methods
This prospective study included 101 subjects (46 GDs, 47 DTs, and eight normal controls) from October 2020 to November 2021. All ultrasonography examinations were performed using microvascular flow technology (MV-Flow). The CD, PD, and MVUS images were semi-quantitatively graded according to blood flow patterns. On the MVUS images, vascularity indices (VIs), which were the ratio (%) of color pixels in the total grayscale pixels in a defined region of interest, were obtained automatically. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to verify the diagnostic performance of MVUS. The interclass correlation coefficient and Cohen’s kappa analysis were used to analyze the reliability of MVUS (ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT04879173).
Results
The area under the curve (AUC) for CD, PD, MVUS, and MVUS-VI was 0.822, 0.844, 0.808, and 0.852 respectively. The optimal cutoff value of the MVUS-VI was 24.95% for distinguishing GD and DT with 87% sensitivity and 80.9% specificity. We found a significant positive correlation of MVUS-VI with thyrotropin receptor antibody (r=0.554) and with thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin bioassay (r=0.841). MVUS showed high intra- and inter-observer reliability from various statistical method.
Conclusion
In a real time and quantitative manner, MVUS-VI could be helpful to differentiate GD from thyroiditis in thyrotoxic patients, with less inter-observer variability.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Microvascular Ultrasonography Vascularity Index as a Rapid and Simplified Assessment Tool for Differentiating Graves’ Disease from Destructive Thyroiditis and Managing Thyrotoxicosis
Han-Sang Baek, Chaiho Jeong, Jeonghoon Ha, Dong-Jun Lim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2025; 40(3): 394. CrossRef
Association of autoimmune thyroid disease with type 1 diabetes mellitus and its ultrasonic diagnosis and management
Jin Wang, Ke Wan, Xin Chang, Rui-Feng Mao
World Journal of Diabetes.2024; 15(3): 348. CrossRef
Deep Learning Analysis With Gray Scale and Doppler Ultrasonography Images to Differentiate Graves’ Disease
Han-Sang Baek, Jinyoung Kim, Chaiho Jeong, Jeongmin Lee, Jeonghoon Ha, Kwanhoon Jo, Min-Hee Kim, Tae Seo Sohn, Ihn Suk Lee, Jong Min Lee, Dong-Jun Lim
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 109(11): 2872. CrossRef
Evaluation of normal and abnormal fetal renal microvascular flow characteristics of three-dimensional MV-flow imaging
Caixin Huang, Lihe Zhang, Yuting Jiang, Qiao Zheng, Ting Lei, Liu Du, Hongning Xie
Early Human Development.2024; 199: 106149. CrossRef
The Early Changes in Thyroid-Stimulating Immunoglobulin Bioassay over Anti-Thyroid Drug Treatment Could Predict Prognosis of Graves’ Disease
Jin Yu, Han-Sang Baek, Chaiho Jeong, Kwanhoon Jo, Jeongmin Lee, Jeonghoon Ha, Min Hee Kim, Jungmin Lee, Dong-Jun Lim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(3): 338. CrossRef
Duplex Hemodynamic Parameters of Both Superior and Inferior Thyroid Arteries in Evaluation of Thyroid Hyperfunction Disorders
Maha Assem Hussein, Alaa Abdel Hamid, Rasha M Abdel Samie, Elshaymaa Hussein, Shereen Sadik Elsawy
International Journal of General Medicine.2022; Volume 15: 7131. CrossRef
Case 5: A 41-Year-Old Woman With Palpitation
Jiwon Yang, Kabsoo Shin, Jeongmin Lee, Jeonghoon Ha, Dong-Jun Lim, Han-Sang Baek
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Microvascular assessment of fascio-cutaneous flaps by ultrasound: A large animal study
Guillaume Goudot, Yanis Berkane, Eloi de Clermont-Tonnerre, Claire Guinier, Irina Filz von Reiterdank, Antonia van Kampen, Korkut Uygun, Curtis L. Cetrulo, Basak E. Uygun, Anahita Dua, Alexandre G. Lellouch
Frontiers in Physiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Thyroid
Lobeglitazone, A Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma Agonist, Inhibits Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion by Suppressing p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway: Jun-Qing Jin, Jeong-Sun Han, Jeonghoon Ha, Han-Sang Baek, Dong-Jun Lim; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(5):1095-1110. Published online October 14, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1155

9,181 View
193 Download
18 Web of Science
16 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) ligands have been widely shown to correlate with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer progression. Lobeglitazone (LGZ) is a novel ligand of PPAR-γ; and its role in EMT and metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the role of LGZ in metastatic behavior of PTC cells.
Methods
Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of LGZ in BRAF-mutated PTC cell lines (BCPAP and K1) were determined using MTT assay. Rosiglitazone (RGZ), the PPAR-γ ligand was used as a positive control. The protein expression of PPAR-γ, cell-surface proteins (E-cadherin, N-cadherin), cytoskeletal protein (Vimentin), transcription factor (Snail), p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathway, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression were measured using Western blotting. Changes in E-cadherin expression were also determined using immunocytochemistry. Cell migration and invasion were analyzed using wound healing and Matrigel invasion assays.
Results
Treatment with LGZ or RGZ significantly inhibited transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1)-induced EMT-associated processes such as fibroblast-like morphological changes, EMT-related protein expression, and increased cell migration and invasion in BCPAP and K1 cells. LGZ restored TGF-β1-induced loss of E-cadherin, as observed using immunocytochemistry. Furthermore, LGZ and RGZ suppressed TGF-β1-induced MMP-2 expression and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, but not ERK1/2. Although there was no change in PPAR-γ expression after treatment with LGZ or RGZ, the effect of downstream processes mediated by LGZ was hampered by GW9662, a PPAR-γ antagonist.
Conclusion
LGZ inhibits TGF-β1-induced EMT, migration, and invasion through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in a PPAR-γ-dependent manner in PTC cells.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Structural and functional insights into PPAR-γ: Review of its potential and drug design innovations for the development of antidiabetic agents
Ojasvi Gupta, Tathagata Pradhan, Gita Chawla
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.2026; 302: 118264. CrossRef
Exploring molecular mechanisms of radioactive iodine therapy in thyroid cancer using single-cell RNA sequencing data
Lin Guo, Yiren Feng, Senhe Jiang, Xuehan Wang, Gang Jin
Discover Oncology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification of Novel Hub Genes Associated with Inflammation and Autophagy in Astragaloside Membranaceus ameliorates Lupus Nephritis by Bioinformatics Analysis and Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Kaili Kong, Xiaomei Qiao, Ting Liu, Xiaoxia Wang, Rui Li, Jingai Fang, Xiaodong Zhang
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening.2025; 28(2): 306. CrossRef
Supersulfides regulate cell migration in human skin keratinocytes
Kento Kunihiro, Katsura Sano
Cell Structure and Function.2025; 50(2): 169. CrossRef
GW-9662, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) inhibitor, impairs early embryonic development in zebrafish
Sunil Sharma, Kanchaka Senarath Pathirajage, Tyler Johnson, Jabez Raju Battu, Subham Dasgupta
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology.2025; 298: 110332. CrossRef
Recent advances in the design, development and therapeutic applications of PPARγ agonists
Iman A. Y. Ghannam, Heba T. Abdel-Mohsen, Islam H. Ali
Future Medicinal Chemistry.2025; 17(22): 2751. CrossRef
Repurposing Rosiglitazone Induces Apoptosis Accompanied by Impaired Antioxidant Defense in Cholangiocarcinoma Cells: Findings from Proteomic and Functional Analyses
Benjaporn Buranrat, Prakasit Sa-Ngiamwibool, Auemduan Prawan, Sarinya Kongpetch, Piman Pocasap, Laddawan Senggunprai
Pharmaceuticals.2025; 19(1): 44. CrossRef
Associations between Diabetes Mellitus and Selected Cancers
Monika Pliszka, Leszek Szablewski
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(13): 7476. CrossRef
Diabetes Mellitus and Thyroid Cancers: Risky Correlation, Underlying Mechanisms and Clinical Prevention
Rongqian Wu, Junping Zhang, Guilin Zou, Shanshan Li, Jinying Wang, Xiaoxinlei Li, Jixiong Xu
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity.2024; Volume 17: 809. CrossRef
Clinicopathological Evaluation of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma
Ando Takahito, Kimihito Fujii, Hirona Banno, Masayuki Saito, Yukie Ito, Mirai Ido, Manami Goto, Yukako Mouri, Junko Kousaka, Tsuneo Imai, Shogo Nakano
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ agonist, induces cell death and inhibits the proliferation of hypoxic HepG2 cells by promoting excessive production of reactive oxygen species
Guohao Huang, Mengfan Zhang, Manzhou Wang, Wenze Xu, Xuhua Duan, Xinwei Han, Jianzhuang Ren
Oncology Letters.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The Activation of PPARγ by (2Z,4E,6E)-2-methoxyocta-2,4,6-trienoic Acid Counteracts the Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Process in Skin Carcinogenesis
Enrica Flori, Sarah Mosca, Giorgia Cardinali, Stefania Briganti, Monica Ottaviani, Daniela Kovacs, Isabella Manni, Mauro Truglio, Arianna Mastrofrancesco, Marco Zaccarini, Carlo Cota, Giulia Piaggio, Mauro Picardo
Cells.2023; 12(7): 1007. CrossRef
Cumulative exposure to metabolic syndrome increases thyroid cancer risk in young adults: a population-based cohort study
Jinyoung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Mee Kyoung Kim, Ki-Hyun Baek, Ki-Ho Song, Hyuk-Sang Kwon
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2023; 38(4): 526. CrossRef
Drug repositioning in thyroid cancer treatment: the intriguing case of anti-diabetic drugs
Alessia Greco, Francesca Coperchini, Laura Croce, Flavia Magri, Marsida Teliti, Mario Rotondi
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Fish and the Thyroid: A Janus Bifrons Relationship Caused by Pollutants and the Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Salvatore Benvenga, Fausto Famà, Laura Giovanna Perdichizzi, Alessandro Antonelli, Gabriela Brenta, Francesco Vermiglio, Mariacarla Moleti
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Identifying and categorizing compounds that reduce corneal transforming growth factor beta induced protein levels: a scoping review
Gabriella Guo Sciriha, Janet Sultana, Joseph Borg
Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology.2022; 15(12): 1423. CrossRef

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
Heart Rate Variability in Postoperative Patients with Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma: Jeonghoon Ha, Hansang Baek, Chaiho Jeong, Minsoo Yeo, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jae Hyoung Cho, Ki-Hyun Baek, Moo Il Kang, Dong-Jun Lim; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(3):678-687. Published online June 10, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.978

8,574 View
123 Download
3 Web of Science
3 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) has been reported to be associated with cardiac autonomic dysfunction. Hypopituitarism in nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) is often linked to increased cardiovascular mortality. We therefore hypothesized that postoperative NFPA patients with hormone deficiency have an elevated risk of HRV alterations indicating cardiac autonomic dysfunction.
Methods
A total of 22 patients with NFPA were enrolled in the study. Between 3 and 6 months after surgery, a combined pituitary function test (CPFT) was performed, and HRV was measured. The period of sleep before the CPFT was deemed the most stable period, and the hypoglycemic period that occurred during the CPFT was defined as the most unstable period. Changes in HRV parameters in stable and unstable periods were observed and compared depending on the status of hormone deficiencies.
Results
In patients with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency with other pituitary hormone deficiencies, the low frequency to high frequency ratio, which represents overall autonomic function and is increased in the disease state, was higher (P=0.005). Additionally, the standard deviation of the normal-to-normal interval, which decreases in the autonomic dysfunction state, was lower (P=0.030) during the hypoglycemic period. In panhypopituitarism, the low frequency to high frequency ratio during the hypoglycemic period was increased (P=0.007).
Conclusion
HRV analysis during CPFT enables estimation of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with NFPA who develop ACTH deficiency with other pituitary hormone deficiencies or panhypopituitarism after surgery. These patients may require a preemptive assessment of cardiovascular risk.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Heart Rate Variability in Subjects with Severe Allergic Background Undergoing COVID-19 Vaccination
Maria Bernadette Cilona, Filippo D’Amico, Chiara Asperti, Giuseppe Alvise Ramirez, Stefano Turi, Giovanni Benanti, Shai Marc Bohane, Serena Nannipieri, Rosa Labanca, Matteo Gervasini, Federica Russetti, Naomi Viapiana, Martina Lezzi, Giovanni Landoni, Lor
Vaccines.2023; 11(3): 567. CrossRef
Pituitary Diseases and COVID-19 Outcomes in South Korea: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Jeonghoon Ha, Kyoung Min Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Keeho Song, Gi Hyeon Seo
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(14): 4799. CrossRef
Effect of a 16-Session Qigong Program in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Keyla Vargas-Román, Emilia I. De la Fuente-Solana, Jonathan Cortés-Martín, Juan Carlos Sánchez-García, Christian J. González-Vargas, Lourdes Díaz-Rodríguez
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(12): 3421. CrossRef

Clinical Study
Association of Hyperparathyroidism and Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study: Chaiho Jeong, Hye In Kwon, Hansang Baek, Hun-Sung Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Ki-Hyun Baek, Jeonghoon Ha, Moo Il Kang; Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(4):925-932. Published online December 10, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.725

10,117 View
217 Download
17 Web of Science
15 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background
Concomitant papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and hyperparathyroidism (HPT) have been reported in several studies. Our study aimed to investigate the incidence of concomitant PTC in HPT patients upon preoperative diagnosis and present a clinical opinion on detecting thyroid malignancy in case of parathyroidectomy.
Methods
Patients who underwent parathyroidectomy between January 2009 and December 2019 in two medical centers were included. Of the 279 participants 154 were diagnosed as primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) and 125 as secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT). The incidence of concomitant PTC and its clinical characteristics were compared with 98 patients who underwent thyroidectomy and were diagnosed with classical PTC during the same period.
Results
Concurrent PTC was detected in 14 patients (9.1%) with pHPT and in nine patients (7.2%) with sHPT. Ten (71.4%) and seven (77.8%) PTCs were microcarcinomas in the pHPT and sHPT cases respectively. In the pHPT patients, vitamin D was lower in the pHPT+PTC group (13.0±3.7 ng/mL) than in the pHPT-only group (18.5±10.4 ng/mL; P=0.01). Vitamin D levels were also lower in the sHPT+PTC group (12.3±5.6 ng/mL) than in the sHPT-only group (18.0±10.2 ng/mL; P=0.12). In the concomitant PTC group, lymph node ratio was higher than in the classical PTC group (P=0.00).
Conclusion
A high prevalence of concomitant PTC was seen in patients with pHPT and sHPT. Those concomitant PTCs were mostly microcarcinomas and had more aggressive features, suggesting that efforts should be made to detect concomitant malignancies in the preoperative parathyroidectomy evaluation.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Concurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma, normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism, and incidental struma ovarii in a young woman: a case report
Pratick Shrestha, Muskan Shrestha, Adarsha Mahaseth, Ashish Dahal, Nirakar Shrestha, Prabin Duwadee
Annals of Medicine & Surgery.2026; 88(5): 2923. CrossRef
Surgical management of ectopic mediastinal parathyroid adenomas: a report of three cases highlighting diagnostic and operative challenges
Sepideh Eydivandi, Yeganeh Pakbaz, Neda Hatami, Massoud Baghai Wadji
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Large atypical parathyroid tumor mimicking metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma: a case report
Ailian Wang, Yuqiu Zhou, Xiangyu Zhang, Xu Wang, Xiaodong Xue, Jingran Huang, Shaoxin Wang, Chao Li
Journal of Medical Case Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in a patient with Brown tumor and Parkinsonism: Case Report
Sona Maghakyan, Elena Aghajanova, Sofiya Khachaturyan, Ashnak Hrantyan, Nairi Melkonyan, Andranik Aleksanyan, Eduard Barseghyan, Armen Muradyan
THE NEW ARMENIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL.2025; 19(3): 91. CrossRef
The unexpected effect of parathyroid adenoma on inflammation
Ahmet Tarik Harmantepe, Belma Kocer, Zulfu Bayhan, Emre Gonullu, Ugur Can Dulger
Updates in Surgery.2024; 76(2): 589. CrossRef
Risk of Malignant Neoplasm in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Nipith Charoenngam, Thanitsara Rittiphairoj, Chalothorn Wannaphut, Watsachon Pangkanon, Sakditat Saowapa
Calcified Tissue International.2024; 115(1): 1. CrossRef
Complimentary Role of [18F]FDG and [18F]NaF-PET/CT in Evaluating Synchronous Thyroid Carcinoma and Parathyroid Adenoma with Brown Tumors
Yeshwanth Edamadaka, Rahul V. Parghane, Sandip Basu
World Journal of Nuclear Medicine.2024; 23(03): 220. CrossRef
Primary hyperparathyroidism in patients with thyroid cancer: prevalence and prognosis in a retrospective monocentric study
I. Patelli, M. Comina, L. Musso, A. De’Luca Di Pietralata, L. Vera, M. Minuto, M. Albertelli, M. Giusti, M. Bagnasco, D. Ferone, S. Gay
Endocrine.2024; 88(1): 304. CrossRef
Evaluation of Nodular Goiter and Papillary Thyroid Cancer Coincidence in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Mustafa ÇALIŞKAN, Hasret CENGİZ, Taner DEMİRCİ
Düzce Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi.2023; 25(2): 200. CrossRef
Papillary thyroid carcinoma coexisting with benign thyroid and parathyroid pathology: clinical and pathomorphological features
A. Dinets, M. Gorobeiko, V. Hoperia, A. Lovin, S. Tarasenko
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine).2023; 19(4): 274. CrossRef
The Nexus of Hyperparathyroidism and Thyroid Carcinoma: Insights into Pathogenesis and Diagnostic Challenges—A Narrative Review
Gregorio Scerrino, Nunzia Cinzia Paladino, Giuseppina Orlando, Giuseppe Salamone, Pierina Richiusa, Stefano Radellini, Giuseppina Melfa, Giuseppa Graceffa
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 13(1): 147. CrossRef
Is preoperative parathyroid localization necessary for tertiary hyperparathyroidism?
Rongzhi Wang, Peter Abraham, Brenessa Lindeman, Herbert Chen, Jessica Fazendin
The American Journal of Surgery.2022; 224(3): 918. CrossRef
Papillary thyroid carcinoma prevalence and its predictors in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism
Elif Tutku DURMUŞ, Ayşegül ATMACA, Mehmet KEFELİ, Ramis ÇOLAK, Buğra DURMUŞ, Cafer POLAT
Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine.2022; 5(5): 1499. CrossRef
Association of Hyperparathyroidism and Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study (Endocrinol Metab 2020;35:925-32, Chaiho Jeong et al.)
Chaiho Jeong, Jeonghoon Ha, Moo Il Kang
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(1): 205. CrossRef
Association of Hyperparathyroidism and Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study (Endocrinol Metab 2020;35:925-32, Chaiho Jeong et al.)
Burcu Candemir, Coşkun Meriç
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(1): 203. CrossRef

Brief Report

Thyroid
Cholestyramine Use for Rapid Reversion to Euthyroid States in Patients with Thyrotoxicosis: Jeonghoon Ha, Kwanhoon Jo, Borami Kang, Min-Hee Kim, Dong-Jun Lim; Endocrinol Metab. 2016;31(3):476-479. Published online July 26, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.3.476

9,048 View
72 Download
10 Web of Science
11 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader

Cholestyramine (CS) is an ion exchange resin, which binds to iodothyronines and would lower serum thyroid hormone level. The use of CS added to conventional antithyroid drugs to control thyrotoxicosis has been applied since 1980's, and several studies indicate that using CS in combination with methimazole (MZ) produces a more rapid decline in serum thyroid hormones than with only MZ treatment. Our recent retrospective review of five patients taking high dose MZ and CS, compared to age-, gender-, initial free thyroxine (T4) level-, and MZ dose-matched 12 patients with MZ use only, showed more rapid decline of both free T4 and triiodothyronine levels without more adverse events. CS could be safely applicable short-term adjunctive therapy when first-line antithyroid medications are not enough to adequately control severe thyrotoxicosis or side effects of antithyroid drug would be of great concern.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Management Aspects of Medical Therapy in Graves Disease
Rutu Shah, Samantha E. Adamson, Sina Jasim
Endocrine Practice.2025; 31(4): 536. CrossRef
Cholestyramine in Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis: Have You Ever Used It?
Giona Castagna, Lucrezia Zanchi, Alessandro Rossini, Sara Cassibba, Roberto Trevisan, Silvia Ippolito
Endocrines.2025; 6(3): 30. CrossRef
The Application of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles in Enhancing the Efficacy of Anti-Atherosclerosis Therapies: A Review
Arif Budiman, Luthfiyyah Mutmainah, Martina Anjelina, Mila Fitriawati, Eufrasia Pilihanto, Salma Amaliah, Diah Aulifa
International Journal of Nanomedicine.2025; Volume 20: 9825. CrossRef
Efficacy and Safety of Adjunctive Bile Acid Sequestrant Therapy for Thyrotoxicosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Diego Moreno Watashi, Aastha Sehgal, Flavia Tejada Frisancho, Brototo Deb, Ayah Arafat, Kenneth Dale Burman
Thyroid®.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Therapeutic plasma exchange for Graves’ disease in pregnancy
Matthew Lumchee, Mimi Yue, Josephine Laurie, Adam Morton
Obstetric Medicine.2023; 16(2): 126. CrossRef
Ventricular arrhythmias, antiarrhythmic therapy and thyroidal illness in advanced heart failure: a case report and review of the literature
Fatima Alsalama, Salma Alzaabi, Cynthia Salloum, Marilyne Abi Younes, Feras Bader, Hussam Ghalib, Bassam Atallah
Drugs & Therapy Perspectives.2023; 39(4): 147. CrossRef
Amiodarone Induced Thyrotoxicosis and Treatment Complications in a Man With Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: A Case Report
Marvin Wei Jie Chua, Shao Feng Mok
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Propylthiouracil-induced agranulocytosis as a rare complication of antithyroid drugs in a patient with Graves’ disease
Patrícia Novais Rabelo, Paula Novais Rabelo, Allyne Fernanda de Paula, Samuel Amanso da Conceição, Daniela Pultrini Pereira de Oliveira Viggiano, Daniela Espíndola Antunes, Estela Muszkat Jatene, Sílvia Leda França Moura de Paula, Monike Lourenço Dias, Ma
Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira.2019; 65(6): 755. CrossRef
Notes on Trauma-Related Thyroid Storm in the Emergency Department
Adam Morton
The Journal of Emergency Medicine.2018; 54(2): e35. CrossRef
Risk of embryopathies with use of antithyroidal medications
Stine L. Andersen
Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity.2017; 24(5): 364. CrossRef
Thiamazole

Reactions Weekly.2017; 1644(1): 291. CrossRef

Case Reports

Thyroid
Refractory Graves' Disease Successfully Cured by Adjunctive Cholestyramine and Subsequent Total Thyroidectomy: Yeoree Yang, Seawon Hwang, Minji Kim, Yejee Lim, Min-Hee Kim, Sohee Lee, Dong-Jun Lim, Moo-Il Kang, Bong-Yun Cha; Endocrinol Metab. 2015;30(4):620-625. Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.4.620

10,204 View
126 Download
17 Web of Science
15 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader

The three major forms of treatment for Graves thyrotoxicosis are antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine therapy and thyroidectomy. Surgery is the definitive treatment for Graves thyrotoxicosis that is generally recommended when other treatments have failed or are contraindicated. Generally, thyrotoxic patients should be euthyroid before surgery to minimize potential complications which usually requires preoperative management with thionamides or inorganic iodine. But several cases of refractory Graves' disease have shown resistance to conventional treatment. Here we report a 40-year-old female patient with Graves' disease who complained of thyrotoxic symptoms for 7 months. Her thyroid function test and thyroid autoantibody profiles were consistent with Graves' disease. One kind of thionamides and β-blocker were started to control her disease. However, she was resistant to nearly all conventional medical therapies, including β-blockers, inorganic iodine, and two thionamides. She experienced hepatotoxicity from the thionamides. What was worse is her past history of serious allergic reaction to corticosteroids, which are often used to help control symptoms. A 2-week regimen of high-dose cholestyramine improved her uncontrolled thyrotoxicosis and subsequent thyroidectomy was successfully performed. In conclusion, cholestyramine could be administered as an effective and safe adjunctive agent for preoperative preparation in patients with severe hyperthyroid Graves's disease that is resistant to conventional therapies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Cholestyramine in Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis: Have You Ever Used It?
Giona Castagna, Lucrezia Zanchi, Alessandro Rossini, Sara Cassibba, Roberto Trevisan, Silvia Ippolito
Endocrines.2025; 6(3): 30. CrossRef
Enhanced predictive validity of integrative models for refractory hyperthyroidism considering baseline and early therapy characteristics: a prospective cohort study
Xinpan Wang, Tiantian Li, Yue Li, Qiuyi Wang, Yun Cai, Zhixiao Wang, Yun Shi, Tao Yang, Xuqin Zheng
Journal of Translational Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Refractory Graves’ Disease in an Adolescent Successfully Treated With Cholestyramine and Subsequent Thyroidectomy
Raghad Alsaidalani, Hesham Eltomy, Alaa B Aljuhani, Moutaz Osman
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Non-thionamide antithyroid drug options in Graves’ hyperthyroidism
Aliya Ruslan, Onyebuchi E Okosieme
Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism.2023; 18(1): 67. CrossRef
Gestione clinica dell’ipertiroidismo refrattario
Daniela Gallo, Federica Martina Bianchi, Francesca Manzella La Barbera, Ilaria Clementi, Adriana Lai, Eliana Piantanida, Maria Laura Tanda
L'Endocrinologo.2023; 24(2): 167. CrossRef
Carbimazole-Resistant Grave’s Thyrotoxicosis is a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Dilemma, Case Report with Literature Review
Fateen Ata, Adeel Ahmad Khan, Shuja Tahir, Zaina Al Amer
International Medical Case Reports Journal.2023; Volume 16: 783. CrossRef
Medical treatment of thyrotoxicosis
Lorenzo SCAPPATICCIO, Giuseppe BELLASTELLA, Maria I. MAIORINO, Luca GIOVANELLA, Katherine ESPOSITO
The Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF COMBINATION REGIMENS INCLUDING METHIMAZOLE ON GRAVES HYPERTHYROIDISM: A NETWORK META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS
Maorong Wang, Yerong Yu
Endocrine Practice.2020; 26(6): 675. CrossRef
Cholestyramine alters bile acid amounts and the expression of cholesterol‐related genes in rabbit intestinal and hepatic tissues
Dong Ni Qiu, Quan Shang, Da Yu Sun, Wei Qun Ding, Zhong Guang Luo, Jian Chen, Wei Ru Jiang, Jian Ping Huang, Xiao Yun Jiang
Journal of Digestive Diseases.2017; 18(2): 107. CrossRef
ENDOCRINOLOGY IN PREGNANCY: Pregnancy and the incidence, diagnosing and therapy of Graves’ disease
Peter Laurberg, Stine Linding Andersen
European Journal of Endocrinology.2016; 175(5): R219. CrossRef
2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis
Douglas S. Ross, Henry B. Burch, David S. Cooper, M. Carol Greenlee, Peter Laurberg, Ana Luiza Maia, Scott A. Rivkees, Mary Samuels, Julie Ann Sosa, Marius N. Stan, Martin A. Walter
Thyroid®.2016; 26(10): 1343. CrossRef
Cholestyramine Use for Rapid Reversion to Euthyroid States in Patients with Thyrotoxicosis
Jeonghoon Ha, Kwanhoon Jo, Borami Kang, Min-Hee Kim, Dong-Jun Lim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2016; 31(3): 476. CrossRef
The role of bile acids in metabolic regulation
Libor Vítek, Martin Haluzík
Journal of Endocrinology.2016; 228(3): R85. CrossRef
Recent Advances in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases
Won Sang Yoo, Hyun Kyung Chung
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2016; 31(3): 379. CrossRef
A Case of Methimazole-Resistant Severe Graves' Disease: Dramatic Response to Cholestyramine
Seung Byung Chae, Eun Sook Kim, Yun Im Lee, Bo Ram Min
International Journal of Thyroidology.2016; 9(2): 190. CrossRef

Thyroid
Accelerated Disease Progression after Discontinuation of Sorafenib in a Patient with Metastatic Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Kyung-Jin Yun, Woohyeon Kim, Eun Hee Kim, Min-Hee Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Moo-Il Kang, Bong-Yun Cha; Endocrinol Metab. 2014;29(3):388-393. Published online September 25, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2014.29.3.388

6,834 View
35 Download
24 Web of Science
24 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader

Distant metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are rare and are associated with a poor prognosis. Here, we describe a patient with metastatic PTC who was treated with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI, sorafenib) for several months that was acutely exacerbated by discontinuation. A 43-year-old male was diagnosed with PTC in February 2004 and underwent total thyroidectomy followed by two courses of high-dose radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. Despite two additional courses of high-dose RAI therapy, lung and muscle metastases were developed. Treatment with sorafenib was begun in September 2010. After 11 months treatment of sorafenib, newly developed metastatic lesions were found in mediastinal lymph nodes, liver, and bones. Considered as treatment failure, the administration of sorafenib was discontinued. Two weeks after sorafenib treatment was stopped, the disease progressed abruptly and caused death of the patient by respiratory failure. In our patient, PTC progressed rapidly after the cessation of sorafenib treatment. Patients with several other types of cancer have also experienced such rapid disease progression, termed "flare-ups." Physicians should be aware that flare-ups may occur in advanced PTC patients following the cessation of TKI therapy.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Rebound regrowth phenomenon in patients with pediatric low-grade gliomas treated with MAPK inhibitors – a systematic review
Malgorzata Styczewska, Weronika Lyzinska, Malgorzata A. Krawczyk, Ewa Bien
Oncology Reviews.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Resistance, rebound, and recurrence regrowth patterns in pediatric low-grade glioma treated by MAPK inhibition: A modified Delphi approach to build international consensus-based definitions—International Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma Coalition
Patricia O’Hare, Tabitha Cooney, Peter de Blank, David H Gutmann, Mark Kieran, Till Milde, Jason Fangusaro, Michael Fisher, Shivaram Avula, Roger Packer, Kohei Fukuoka, Kshitij Mankad, Sabine Mueller, Angela J Waanders, Enrico Opocher, Eric Bouffet, Eric
Neuro-Oncology.2024; 26(8): 1357. CrossRef
Lenvatinib: an investigational agent for the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer
Silvia Martina Ferrari, Giusy Elia, Francesca Ragusa, Sabrina Rosaria Paparo, Valeria Mazzi, Mario Miccoli, Maria Rosaria Galdiero, Gilda Varricchi, Rudy Foddis, Giovanni Guglielmi, Claudio Spinelli, Concettina La Motta, Salvatore Benvenga, Alessandro Ant
Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs.2021; 30(9): 913. CrossRef
Low Dose of Lenvatinib Treatment for Patients of Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma – A Real-World Experience
He-Jiun Jiang, Yen-Hsiang Chang, Yen-Hao Chen, Che-Wei Wu, Pei-Wen Wang, Pi-Jung Hsiao
Cancer Management and Research.2021; Volume 13: 7139. CrossRef
Rapid disease progression after discontinuation of lenvatinib in thyroid cancer
Haruhiko Yamazaki, Kiminori Sugino, Kenichi Matsuzu, Chie Masaki, Junko Akaishi, Kiyomi Hames, Chisato Tomoda, Akifumi Suzuki, Takashi Uruno, Keiko Ohkuwa, Wataru Kitagawa, Mitsuji Nagahama, Munetaka Masuda, Koichi Ito
Medicine.2020; 99(11): e19408. CrossRef
Lenvatinib for thyroid cancer treatment: discovery, pre-clinical development and clinical application
Rosa Maria Paragliola, Andrea Corsello, Valeria Del Gatto, Giampaolo Papi, Alfredo Pontecorvi, Salvatore Maria Corsello
Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery.2020; 15(1): 11. CrossRef
Efficacy and Limitations of Lenvatinib Therapy for Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Real-World Experiences
Chie Masaki, Kiminori Sugino, Naoko Saito, Junko Akaishi, Kiyomi Y. Hames, Chisato Tomoda, Akifumi Suzuki, Kenichi Matsuzu, Takashi Uruno, Keiko Ohkuwa, Wataru Kitagawa, Mitsuji Nagahama, Koichi Ito
Thyroid®.2020; 30(2): 214. CrossRef
Papillary thyroid carcinoma with hyperthyroidism and multiple metastases
Li-li Zhang, Bin Liu, Fang-fang Sun, Hong-yu Li, Shuang Li, Li-rong Zhao
Medicine.2020; 99(30): e21346. CrossRef
Missing Skeletal Muscle Metastases of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Leszek Herbowski
Diagnostics.2020; 10(7): 457. CrossRef
Reply to “Missing Skeletal Muscle Metastases of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma”
Liviu Hitu, Calin Cainap, Dragos Apostu, Katalin Gabora, Eduard-Alexandru Bonci, Marius Badan, Alexandru Mester, Andra Piciu
Diagnostics.2020; 10(7): 458. CrossRef
Hif-1α Inhibitors Could Successfully Inhibit the Progression of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Vitro
Min-Hee Kim, Tae Hyeong Lee, Jin Soo Lee, Dong-Jun Lim, Peter Chang-Whan Lee
Pharmaceuticals.2020; 13(9): 208. CrossRef
Extended Real-World Observation of Patients Treated with Sorafenib for Radioactive Iodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma and Impact of Lenvatinib Salvage Treatment: A Korean Multicenter Study
Hye-Seon Oh, Dong Yeob Shin, Mijin Kim, So Young Park, Tae Hyuk Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Eui Young Kim, Won Bae Kim, Jae Hoon Chung, Young Kee Shong, Dong Jun Lim, Won Gu Kim
Thyroid®.2019; 29(12): 1804. CrossRef
Rapid pleural effusion after discontinuation of lenvatinib in a patient with pleural metastasis from thyroid cancer
Taisuke Uchida, Hideki Yamaguchi, Kazuhiro Nagamine, Tadato Yonekawa, Eriko Nakamura, Nobuhiro Shibata, Fumiaki Kawano, Yujiro Asada, Masamitsu Nakazato
Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Thyroid Disorders in the Elderly
Kevin Higgins
Clinics in Geriatric Medicine.2018; 34(2): 259. CrossRef
Treatment of refractory thyroid cancer
Amandine Berdelou, Livia Lamartina, Michele Klain, Sophie Leboulleux, Martin Schlumberger, _ _
Endocrine-Related Cancer.2018; 25(4): R209. CrossRef
Clinical guidance for radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer
Matti L. Gild, Duncan J. Topliss, Diana Learoyd, Francis Parnis, Jeanne Tie, Brett Hughes, John P. Walsh, Donald S.A. McLeod, Roderick J. Clifton‐Bligh, Bruce G. Robinson
Clinical Endocrinology.2018; 88(4): 529. CrossRef
Case for Stopping Targeted Therapy When Lung Cancer Progresses on Treatment in Hospice-Eligible Patients
Thomas J. Smith, Nasser Hanna, David Johnson, Sherman Baker, William A. Biermann, Julie Brahmer, Peter M. Ellis, Giuseppe Giaccone, Paul J. Hesketh, Ishmael Jaiyesimi, Natasha B. Leighl, Gregory J. Riely, Joan H. Schiller, Bryan J. Schneider, Joan Tashbar
Journal of Oncology Practice.2017; 13(12): 780. CrossRef
Intermittent Dosing of Dabrafenib and Trametinib in Metastatic BRAFV600E Mutated Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Two Case Reports
Paul S. White, Anita Pudusseri, Stephanie L. Lee, Omar Eton
Thyroid.2017; 27(9): 1201. CrossRef
Aggressive differentiated thyroid cancer with multiple metastases and NRAS and TERT promoter mutations: A case report
Fabiana Pani, Elisabetta Macerola, Fulvio Basolo, Francesco Boi, Mario Scartozzi, Stefano Mariotti
Oncology Letters.2017; 14(2): 2186. CrossRef
Tumors Sharply Increased after Ceasing Pazopanib Therapy for a Patient with Advanced Uterine Leiomyosarcoma: Experience of Tumor Flare
Terumi Tanigawa, Shintaro Morisaki, Hisanobu Fukuda, Shuichiro Yoshimura, Hisayoshi Nakajima, Kohei Kotera, Yoshio Yoshida
Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Initial Size of Metastatic Lesions Is Best Prognostic Factor in Patients with Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Confined to the Lung
Mijin Kim, Won Gu Kim, Suyeon Park, Hyemi Kwon, Min Ji Jeon, Jong Jin Lee, Jin-Sook Ryu, Tae Yong Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Bae Kim
Thyroid.2017; 27(1): 49. CrossRef
Articles in 'Endocrinology and Metabolism' in 2014
Won-Young Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2015; 30(1): 47. CrossRef
Pharmacodynamic study of axitinib in patients with advanced malignancies assessed with 18F-3′deoxy-3′fluoro-l-thymidine positron emission tomography/computed tomography
Justine Yang Bruce, Peter Colin Scully, Lakeesha L. Carmichael, Jens C. Eickhoff, Scott B. Perlman, Jill Marie Kolesar, Jennifer L. Heideman, Robert Jeraj, Glenn Liu
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology.2015; 76(1): 187. CrossRef
Optimal Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Management in the Elderly
Donald S. A. McLeod, Kelly Carruthers, Dev A. S. Kevat
Drugs & Aging.2015; 32(4): 283. CrossRef

First
Prev
Page of 1
Next
Last

Search