Endocrinology and Metabolism

Original Article

Clinical Study
Effects of Maternal Iodine Status during Pregnancy and Lactation on Maternal Thyroid Function and Offspring Growth and Development: A Prospective Study Protocol for the Ideal Breast Milk Cohort: Young Ah Lee, Sun Wook Cho, Ho Kyung Sung, Kyungsik Kim, Young Shin Song, Sin Je Moon, Jung Won Oh, Dal Lae Ju, Sooyeon Choi, Sang Hoon Song, Gi Jeong Cheon, Young Joo Park, Choong Ho Shin, Sue K. Park, Jong Kwan Jun, June-Key Chung; Endocrinol Metab. 2018;33(3):395-402. Published online September 18, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2018.33.3.395

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Background

Iodine is an intrinsic element of thyroid hormone, which is essential for childhood growth and development. The Ideal Breast Milk (IBM) cohort study aims to evaluate the effects of maternal iodine status during pregnancy and lactation on maternal thyroid function, offspring growth and development, and offspring thyroid function.

Methods

The IBM cohort study recruited pregnant women from Seoul National University Hospital between June 2016 and August 2017, followed by enrollment of their offspring after delivery. For the maternal participants, iodine status is evaluated by urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and dietary records in the third trimester and at 3 to 4 weeks and 12 to 15 months postpartum. For the child participants, cord blood sampling and UIC measurements are performed at birth. At 3 to 4 weeks of age, UIC and breastmilk iodine concentrations are measured. At 12 to 15 months of age, growth and development are assessed and measurements of UIC, a thyroid function test, and ultrasonography are performed.

Results

A total of 198 pregnant women in their third trimester were recruited. Their mean age was 35.1±3.5 years, and 78 (39.4%) of them were pregnant with twins. Thirty-three (16.7%) of them had a previous history of thyroid disease.

Conclusion

Korea is an iodine-replete area. In particular, lactating women in Korea are commonly exposed to excess iodine due to the traditional practice of consuming brown seaweed soup postpartum. The study of the IBM cohort is expected to contribute to developing guidelines for optimal iodine nutrition in pregnant or lactating women.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Investigating Birth and Thyroid Outcomes of Maternal-Fetal Environmental Exposures (IBM-E): A Cohort Protocol for Dietary Iodine and Endocrine Disruptors
Yun Ji Jung, Jeong Eun Shin, Ju-hee Yoon, Suhra Kim, Hayan Kwon, Sungbo Shim, Dong Yeob Shin, Minseo Gim, Younglim Kho, JoonHo Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2025; 40(6): 940. CrossRef
Exposure to and Transplacental Transfer of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in a Twin Pregnancy Cohort in Korea
Na-Youn Park, Sun Wook Cho, Ye Eun Seo, Heeyeon Chae, Inae Lee, Young Ah Lee, Jong Kwan Jun, Eun Na Kim, Jeong-Won Oh, Kyungho Choi, Younglim Kho
Environmental Science & Technology.2024; 58(48): 21120. CrossRef
High intakes of iodine among women during pregnancy and the postpartum period has no adverse effect on thyroid function
Dal Lae Ju, Sun Wook Cho, Chae Won Chung, Young Ah Lee, Gi Jeong Cheon, Young Joo Park, Choong Ho Shin, Jong Kwan Jun, June-Key Chung, Sue K. Park, YoonJu Song
European Journal of Nutrition.2023; 62(1): 239. CrossRef
Associations between maternal thyroid function in pregnancy and child neurodevelopmental outcomes at 20 months in the Seychelles Child Development Study, Nutrition Cohort 2 (SCDS NC2)
Anna M. Monaghan, Maria S. Mulhern, Emeir M. Mc Sorley, J.J. Strain, Theresa Winter, Edwin van Wijngaarden, Gary J. Myers, Philip W. Davidson, Conrad Shamlaye, Jude Gedeon, Alison J. Yeates
Journal of Nutritional Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Corrigendum

Miscellaneous
Corrigendum: Author's Name Correction. Study Protocol of Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of Active Surveillance on Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma (MAeSTro): Jae Hoon Moon, Ji-hoon Kim, Eun Kyung Lee, Kyu Eun Lee, Sung Hye Kong, Yeo Koon Kim, Woo-Jin Jeong, Chang Yoon Lee, Roh-Eul Yoo, Yul Hwangbo, Young Shin Song, Min Joo Kim, Sun Wook Cho, Su-jin Kim, Eun-Jae Chung, June Young Choi, Chang Hwan Ryu, You Jin Lee, Jeong Hun Hah, Yuh-Seog Jung, Junsun Ryu, Yunji Hwang, Sue K. Park, Ho Kyung Sung, Ka Hee Yi, Do Joon Park, Young Joo Park; Endocrinol Metab. 2018;33(3):427. Published online August 14, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2018.33.3.427

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Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Invasiveness and Metastatic Aggressiveness in Small Differentiated Thyroid Cancers: Demography of Small Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas in the Swedish Population
Haytham Bayadsi, Martin Bergman, Malin Sund, Joakim Hennings
World Journal of Surgery.2020; 44(2): 461. CrossRef
Clinical and pathologic predictors of lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinomas
Ling Zhao, Xiaoya Sun, Yukun Luo, Fulin Wang, Zhaohui Lyu
Annals of Diagnostic Pathology.2020; 49: 151647. CrossRef

Original Article

Thyroid
Study Protocol of Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of Active Surveillance on Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma (MAeSTro): Jae Hoon Moon, Ji-hoon Kim, Eun Kyung Lee, Kyu Eun Lee, Sung Hye Kong, Yeo Koon Kim, Woo-jin Jung, Chang Yoon Lee, Roh-Eul Yoo, Yul Hwangbo, Young Shin Song, Min Joo Kim, Sun Wook Cho, Su-jin Kim, Eun Jae Jung, June Young Choi, Chang Hwan Ryu, You Jin Lee, Jeong Hun Hah, Yuh-Seog Jung, Junsun Ryu, Yunji Hwang, Sue K. Park, Ho Kyung Sung, Ka Hee Yi, Do Joon Park, Young Joo Park; Endocrinol Metab. 2018;33(2):278-286. Published online June 21, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2018.33.2.278

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Background

The ongoing Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of Active Surveillance on Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma (MAeSTro) aims to observe the natural course of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), develop a protocol for active surveillance (AS), and compare the long-term prognosis, quality of life, and medical costs between the AS and immediate surgery groups.

Methods

This multicenter prospective cohort study of PTMC started in June 2016. The inclusion criteria were suspicious of malignancy or malignancy based on fine needle aspiration or core needle biopsy, age of ≥18 years, and a maximum diameter of ≤1 cm. If there was no major organ involvement, no lymph node/distant metastasis, and no variants with poor prognosis, the patients were explained of the pros and cons of immediate surgery and AS before selecting AS or immediate surgery. Follow-up visits (physical examination, ultrasonography, thyroid function, and questionnaires) are scheduled every 6 months during the first 2 years, and then every 1 year thereafter. Progression was defined as a maximum diameter increase of ≥3, ≥2 mm in two dimensions, suspected organ involvement, or lymph node/distant metastasis.

Results

Among 439 enrolled patients, 290 patients (66.1%) chose AS and 149 patients (33.9%) chose immediate surgery. The median follow-up was 6.7 months (range, 0.2 to 11.9). The immediate surgery group had a larger maximum tumor diameter, compared to the AS group (7.1±1.9 mm vs. 6.6±2.0 mm, respectively; P=0.014).

Conclusion

The results will be useful for developing an appropriate PTMC treatment policy based on its natural course and risk factors for progression.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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