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20 "Ho-Cheol Kang"
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Original Articles
Thyroid
Prognostic Roles of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Radioiodine-Refractory Thyroid Cancer Treated with Lenvatinib
Chae A Kim, Mijin Kim, Meihua Jin, Hee Kyung Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Dong Jun Lim, Bo Hyun Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Won Bae Kim, Dong Yeob Shin, Won Gu Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(2):334-343.   Published online April 4, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1854
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Inflammatory biomarkers, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), serve as valuable prognostic indicators in various cancers. This multicenter, retrospective cohort study assessed the treatment outcomes of lenvatinib in 71 patients with radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory thyroid cancer, considering the baseline inflammatory biomarkers.
Methods
This study retrospectively included patients from five tertiary hospitals in Korea whose complete blood counts were available before lenvatinib treatment. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated based on the median value of inflammatory biomarkers.
Results
No significant differences in baseline characteristics were observed among patients grouped according to the inflammatory biomarkers, except for older patients with a higher-than-median NLR (≥2) compared to their counterparts with a lower NLR (P= 0.01). Patients with a higher-than-median NLR had significantly shorter PFS (P=0.02) and OS (P=0.017) than those with a lower NLR. In multivariate analysis, a higher-than-median NLR was significantly associated with poor OS (hazard ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.24 to 7.29; P=0.015). However, neither the LMR nor the PLR was associated with PFS. A higher-than-median LMR (≥3.9) was significantly associated with prolonged OS compared to a lower LMR (P=0.036). In contrast, a higher-than-median PLR (≥142.1) was associated with shorter OS compared to a lower PLR (P=0.039).
Conclusion
Baseline inflammatory biomarkers can serve as predictive indicators of PFS and OS in patients with RAI-refractory thyroid cancer treated with lenvatinib.
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Thyroid
Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma as an Acceptable Management Option with Additional Benefits: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
Jee Hee Yoon, Wonsuk Choi, Ji Yong Park, A Ram Hong, Hee Kyung Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang
Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(1):152-163.   Published online January 22, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1794
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  • 1 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Active surveillance (AS) has been introduced as a management strategy for low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) due to its typically indolent nature. Despite this, the widespread adoption of AS has encountered several challenges. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the safety of AS related to disease progression and its benefits compared with immediate surgery (IS).
Methods
Studies related to AS in patients with low-risk PTC were searched through the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed databases. Studies on disease progression, surgical complication, quality of life (QoL), and cost-effectiveness were separately analyzed and narratively synthesized.
Results
In the evaluation of disease progression, the proportions of cases with tumor growth ≥3 mm and a volume increase >50% were 2.2%–10.8% and 16.0%–25.5%, respectively. Newly detected lymph node metastasis was identified in 0.0%–1.4% of patients. No significant difference was found between IS and delayed surgery in surgical complications, including vocal cord paralysis and postoperative hypoparathyroidism. AS was associated with better QoL than IS. Studies on the cost-effectiveness of AS reported inconsistent data, but AS was more cost-effective when quality-adjusted life years were considered.
Conclusion
AS is an acceptable management option for patients with low-risk PTC based on the low rate of disease progression and the absence of an increased mortality risk. AS has additional benefits, including improved QoL and greater QoL-based cost-effectiveness.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • It Is Time to Understand the Additional Benefits of Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
    Kyeong Jin Kim
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(1): 95.     CrossRef
  • Thyroid Nodules: Past, Present, and Future
    Alan A. Parsa, Hossein Gharib
    Endocrine Practice.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Review Article
Thyroid
Evaluation and Management of Bone Health in Patients with Thyroid Diseases: A Position Statement of the Korean Thyroid Association
A Ram Hong, Ho-Cheol Kang
Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(2):175-189.   Published online April 27, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1701
  • 6,613 View
  • 321 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 5 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Thyroid hormones play an important physiological role in maintaining adult bone structure and strength. Consequently, thyroid dysfunction is related to skeletal outcomes. Overt hyperthyroidism is an established cause of high bone turnover with accelerated bone loss, leading to osteoporosis and increased fracture risk. Hyperthyroidism induced by thyroid-stimulating hormone-suppressive therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer is a cause of secondary osteoporosis. In contrast, there is a lack of evidence on the negative impact of hypothyroidism on bone health. Considering the clinical updates on the importance of bone health in thyroid dysfunction, the Task Force from the Clinical Practice Guidelines Development Committee of the Korean Thyroid Association recently developed a position statement on the evaluation and management of bone health of patients with thyroid diseases, particularly focused on endogenous hyperthyroidism and thyroid-stimulating hormone-suppressive therapy-associated hyperthyroidism in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Herein, we review the Korean Thyroid Association’s position statement on the evaluation and management of bone health associated with thyroid diseases.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Diagnosis and therapeutic approach to bone health in patients with hypopituitarism
    Justyna Kuliczkowska-Płaksej, Aleksandra Zdrojowy-Wełna, Aleksandra Jawiarczyk-Przybyłowska, Łukasz Gojny, Marek Bolanowski
    Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders.2024; 25(3): 513.     CrossRef
  • Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis, and Subchondral Insufficiency Fracture: Recent Insights
    Shunichi Yokota, Hotaka Ishizu, Takuji Miyazaki, Daisuke Takahashi, Norimasa Iwasaki, Tomohiro Shimizu
    Biomedicines.2024; 12(4): 843.     CrossRef
  • Acute hypercalcemic crisis: A narrative review with a focus on pregnancy
    Nadia Sabbah
    Annales d'Endocrinologie.2024; 85(6): 604.     CrossRef
  • Review on the protective activity of osthole against the pathogenesis of osteoporosis
    Jincai Chen, Xiaofei Liao, Juwen Gan
    Frontiers in Pharmacology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Estudio comparativo tras la cirugía tiroidea y otras variables asociadas al desarrollo de osteoporosis en una cohorte latinoamericana
    María Paula Ciliberti Artavia, Juan Sebastián Theran León, Jaime Alberto Gómez Ayala, Valentina Cabrera Peña, Rafael Guillermo Parales Strauch, Edgar Camilo Blanco Pimiento, Luis Andres Dulcey Sarmiento, Juan Camilo Martínez, Juan Camilo Mayorca, María Al
    Revista Salud y Desarrollo.2023; 7(2): e605.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Thyroid
Thyroid Cancer Screening
A Comprehensive Assessment of the Harms of Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy for Thyroid Nodules: A Systematic Review
Ji Yong Park, Wonsuk Choi, A Ram Hong, Jee Hee Yoon, Hee Kyung Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang
Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(1):104-116.   Published online February 27, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1669
  • 7,200 View
  • 213 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • 11 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
There have concerns related with the potential harms of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). We aimed to summarize the clinical complications and evaluate the safety of FNAB.
Methods
Studies related with the harms of FNAB were searched on MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane library, and KoreaMed from 2012 to 2022. Also, studies reviewed in the previous systematic reviews were evaluated. Included clinical complications were postprocedural pain, bleeding events, neurological symptoms, tracheal puncture, infections, post-FNAB thyrotoxicosis, and needle tract implantation of thyroid cancers.
Results
Twenty-three cohort studies were included in this review. Nine studies which were related with FNAB-related pain showed that most of the subjects had no or mild discomfort. The 0% to 6.4% of the patients had hematoma or hemorrhage after FNAB, according to 15 studies. Vasovagal reaction, vocal cord palsy, and tracheal puncture have rarely described in the included studies. Needle tract implantation of thyroid malignancies was described in three studies reporting 0.02% to 0.19% of the incidence rate.
Conclusion
FNAB is considered to be a safe diagnostic procedure with rare complications, which are mainly minor events. Thorough assessement of the patients’ medical condition when deciding to perform FNABs would be advisable to lower potential complications.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • A Narrative Review of the 2023 Korean Thyroid Association Management Guideline for Patients with Thyroid Nodules
    Eun Kyung Lee, Young Joo Park, Chan Kwon Jung, Dong Gyu Na
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(1): 61.     CrossRef
  • Fine-needle aspiration cytology for neck lesions in patients with antithrombotic/anticoagulant medications: systematic review and meta-analysis
    Dongbin Ahn, Ji Hye Kwak, Gill Joon Lee, Jin Ho Sohn
    European Radiology.2024; 34(10): 6843.     CrossRef
  • 2023 Update of the Korean Thyroid Association Guidelines for the Management of Thyroid Nodules
    Eun Kyung Lee, Young Joo Park
    Clinical Thyroidology®.2024; 36(4): 153.     CrossRef
  • Korean Thyroid Association Guidelines on the Management of Differentiated Thyroid Cancers; Part II. Follow-up Surveillance after Initial Treatment 2024
    Mijin Kim, Ji-In Bang, Ho-Cheol Kang, Sun Wook Kim, Dong Gyu Na, Young Joo Park, Youngduk Seo, Young Shin Song, So Won Oh, Sang-Woo Lee, Eun Kyung Lee, Ji Ye Lee, Dong-Jun Lim, Ari Chong, Yun Jae Chung, Chae Moon Hong, Min Kyoung Lee, Bo Hyun Kim
    International Journal of Thyroidology.2024; 17(1): 115.     CrossRef
  • Needle size for thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology. A single institution experience
    Pasquale Cianci, Rocco Tumolo, Ivana Conversano, Damiano Travaglia, Giuseppe Trigiante, Giuliano Lantone, Vincenzo Lizzi, Miriam Cappiello, Marco Montagna, Fabio Pio Curci, Enrico Restini
    Frontiers in Surgery.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Important Role of Ultrasonography Immediately After Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Thyroid Nodules to Detect Acute Transient Thyroid Swelling
    Kouichi Yoshimoto, Shinya Satoh, Hisakazu Shindo, Kento Katsuyama, Daisuke Tatsushima, Takashi Fukuda, Seigo Tachibana, Yusuke Mori, Hiroshi Takahashi, Yuji Nagayama, Hiroyuki Yamashita
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Assessing the feasibility of ChatGPT-4o and Claude 3-Opus in thyroid nodule classification based on ultrasound images
    Ziman Chen, Nonhlanhla Chambara, Chaoqun Wu, Xina Lo, Shirley Yuk Wah Liu, Simon Takadiyi Gunda, Xinyang Han, Jingguo Qu, Fei Chen, Michael Tin Cheung Ying
    Endocrine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • To Screen or Not to Screen?
    Do Joon Park
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(1): 69.     CrossRef
  • Thyroid Cancer Screening: How to Maximize Its Benefits and Minimize Its Harms
    Jung Hwan Baek
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(1): 75.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the Appropriateness of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration
    Lairce Cristina Ribeiro Brito, Iara Beatriz De Carvalho Botêlho, Lanna Matos Silva Fernandes, Nayze Lucena Sangreman Aldeman, Uziel Nunes Silva
    International Journal for Innovation Education and Research.2023; 11(6): 8.     CrossRef
  • A Retrospective Analysis of Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy for Thyroid Diseases Indicating Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
    Yoshiyuki SAITO, Wataru KITAGAWA, Ryohei KATOH, Takashi AMANO, Ai MATSUI, Yoko KUGA, Chie MASAKI, Junko AKAISHI, Ritsuko OKAMURA, Akifumi SUZUKI, Kenichi MATSUZU, Mitsuji NAGAHAMA, Kiminori SUGINO, Koichi ITO
    Nihon Rinsho Geka Gakkai Zasshi (Journal of Japan Surgical Association).2023; 84(12): 1835.     CrossRef
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Corrigendum
Miscellaneous
Corrigendum: Correction of Acknowledgments. Protocol for a Korean Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of Active Surveillance or Surgery (KoMPASS) in Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma
Min Ji Jeon, Yea Eun Kang, Jae Hoon Moon, Dong Jun Lim, Chang Yoon Lee, Yong Sang Lee, Sun Wook Kim, Min-Hee Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Minho Shong, Sun Wook Cho, Won Bae Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(1):181-182.   Published online February 28, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.104
Corrects: Endocrinol Metab 2021;36(2):359
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Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Risk of thyroid cancer associated with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes: A population‐based cohort study
    Sungho Bea, Heejun Son, Jae Hyun Bae, Sun Wook Cho, Ju‐Young Shin, Young Min Cho
    Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2024; 26(1): 108.     CrossRef
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Original Articles
Thyroid
Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Coexisting Thyroid Cancer in Patients with Graves’ Disease: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Jee Hee Yoon, Meihua Jin, Mijin Kim, A Ram Hong, Hee Kyung Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Min Ji Jeon, Ho-Cheol Kang
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(6):1268-1276.   Published online November 26, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1227
  • 5,922 View
  • 195 Download
  • 13 Web of Science
  • 14 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
The association between Graves’ disease (GD) and co-existing thyroid cancer is still controversial and most of the previously reported data have been based on surgically treated GD patients. This study investigated the clinicopathological findings and prognosis of concomitant thyroid cancer in GD patients in the era of widespread application of ultrasonography.
Methods
Data of GD patients who underwent thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer between 2010 and 2019 in three tertiary hospitals in South Korea (Asan Medical Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, and Pusan National University Hospital) were collected and analyzed retrospectively. In the subgroup analysis, aggressiveness and clinical outcomes of thyroid cancer were compared nodular GD and non-nodular GD groups according to the presence or absence of the thyroid nodules other than thyroid cancer (index nodules).
Results
Of the 15,159 GD patients treated at the hospitals during the study period, 262 (1.7%) underwent thyroidectomy for coexisting thyroid cancer. Eleven patients (4.2%) were diagnosed with occult thyroid cancer and 182 patients (69.5%) had microcarcinomas. No differences in thyroid cancer aggressiveness, ultrasonographic findings, or prognosis were observed between the nodular GD and non-nodular GD groups except the cancer subtype. In the multivariate analysis, only lymph node (LN) metastasis was an independent prognostic factor for recurrent/persistent disease of thyroid cancer arising in GD (P=0.020).
Conclusion
The prevalence of concomitant thyroid cancer in GD patients was considerably lower than in previous reports. The clinical outcomes of thyroid cancer in GD patients were also excellent but, more cautious follow-up is necessary for patients with LN metastasis in the same way as for thyroid cancer in non-GD patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Comparison of Surgical Outcomes of Transoral Versus Open Thyroidectomy for Graves Disease
    Suo-Hsien Wang, Wu-Po Chao, Ta-You Lo, Soh-Ching Ng, Yu-Hsien Chen
    Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques.2024; 34(2): 150.     CrossRef
  • Characterization of Immune Infiltrate Along the Leading Edge of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
    Anupam Kotwal, Krysten Vance, Kemal Hajric, Ana Yuil-Valdes, Benjamin Swanson, Ernesto Martinez Duarte, Oleg Shats, Michael Hollingsworth, Hamid Band, Whitney Goldner
    Thyroid®.2024; 34(8): 999.     CrossRef
  • The Role of Risk Factors for the Progression of Patients with T1b-T2 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PC) during Long-Term Follow-Up
    Andrea Marongiu, Susanna Nuvoli, Andrea De Vito, Antonio Mura, Sonia Vargiu, Angela Spanu, Giuseppe Madeddu
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(18): 5373.     CrossRef
  • Outcomes of Surgical Treatment for Graves’ Disease: A Single-Center Experience of 216 Cases
    Hanxing Sun, Hui Tong, Xiaohui Shen, Haoji Gao, Jie Kuang, Xi Chen, Qinyu Li, Weihua Qiu, Zhuoran Liu, Jiqi Yan
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(4): 1308.     CrossRef
  • Cancer and Mortality Risks of Graves’ Disease in South Korea Based on National Data from 2010 to 2019
    Young Ju Choi, Kyungdo Han, Won Kyoung Cho, Min Ho Jung, Byung-Kyu Suh
    Clinical Epidemiology.2023; Volume 15: 535.     CrossRef
  • Risk and Prognosis of Thyroid Cancer in Patients with Graves’ Disease: An Umbrella Review
    Marco Palella, Francesca Maria Giustolisi, Adriana Modica Fiascaro, Martina Fichera, Antonella Palmieri, Rossella Cannarella, Aldo E. Calogero, Margherita Ferrante, Maria Fiore
    Cancers.2023; 15(10): 2724.     CrossRef
  • Characteristics, staging and outcomes of differentiated thyroid cancer in patients with and without Graves’ disease
    Chaitra Gopinath, Hanna Crow, Sujata Panthi, Leonidas Bantis, Kenneth D. Burman, Chitra Choudhary
    Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology.2023; 33: 100321.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence, Treatment Status, and Comorbidities of Hyperthyroidism in Korea from 2003 to 2018: A Nationwide Population Study
    Hwa Young Ahn, Sun Wook Cho, Mi Young Lee, Young Joo Park, Bon Seok Koo, Hang-Seok Chang, Ka Hee Yi
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(4): 436.     CrossRef
  • Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Follow-Up Study in Patients with Absence of Aggressive Risk Factors at the Surgery of the Primary Tumor
    Andrea Marongiu, Susanna Nuvoli, Andrea De Vito, Sonia Vargiu, Angela Spanu, Giuseppe Madeddu
    Diagnostics.2023; 13(19): 3068.     CrossRef
  • Table of Contents

    Clinical Thyroidology.2022; 34(2): 48.     CrossRef
  • Predisposition to and Prognosis of Thyroid Cancer May Not Be Affected by Graves’ Disease, But Some Questions Still Remain
    Yanrui Huang, Haixia Guan
    Clinical Thyroidology.2022; 34(2): 59.     CrossRef
  • A Comparative Follow-Up Study of Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Associated or Not with Graves’ Disease
    Andrea Marongiu, Susanna Nuvoli, Andrea De Vito, Maria Rondini, Angela Spanu, Giuseppe Madeddu
    Diagnostics.2022; 12(11): 2801.     CrossRef
  • An unusual case of papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting as Graves’ disease
    Pooja Tiwari, Uma Kaimal Saikia, Abhamoni Baro, Ashok Krishna Bhuyan
    Thyroid Research and Practice.2022; 19(1): 47.     CrossRef
  • An unusual case of papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting as Graves’ disease
    Pooja Tiwari, Uma Kaimal Saikia, Abhamoni Baro, Ashok Krishna Bhuyan
    Thyroid Research and Practice.2021; 18(3): 129.     CrossRef
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Thyroid
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Disease-Free Survival in Patients with Hürthle Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter Cohort Study in South Korea
Meihua Jin, Eun Sook Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Yea Eun Kang, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Mijin Kim, Won Gu Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(5):1078-1085.   Published online October 28, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1151
  • 4,979 View
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  • 6 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC), a type of thyroid carcinoma, is rare in South Korea, and few studies have investigated its prognosis.
Methods
This long-term multicenter retrospective cohort study evaluated the clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes in patients with HCC who underwent thyroid surgery between 1996 and 2009.
Results
The mean age of the 97 patients included in the study was 50.3 years, and 26.8% were male. The mean size of the primary tumor was 3.2±1.8 cm, and three (3.1%) patients had distant metastasis at initial diagnosis. Ultrasonographic findings were available for 73 patients; the number of nodules with low-, intermediate-, and high suspicion was 28 (38.4%), 27 (37.0%), and 18 (24.7%), respectively, based on the Korean-Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System. Preoperatively, follicular neoplasm (FN) or suspicion for FN accounted for 65.2% of the cases according to the Bethesda category, and 13% had malignancy or suspicious for malignancy. During a median follow-up of 8.5 years, eight (8.2%) patients had persistent/recurrent disease, and none died of HCC. Older age, gross extrathyroidal extension (ETE), and widely invasive types of tumors were significantly associated with distant metastasis (all P<0.01). Gross ETE (hazard ratio [HR], 27.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2 to 346.4; P=0.01) and widely invasive classification (HR, 6.5; 95% CI, 1.1 to 39.4; P=0.04) were independent risk factors for poor disease-free survival (DFS).
Conclusion
The long-term prognosis of HCC is relatively favorable in South Korea from this study, although this is not a nation-wide data, and gross ETE and widely invasive cancer are significant prognostic factors for DFS. The diagnosis of HCC by ultrasonography and cytopathology remains challenging.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Molecular Alterations and Comprehensive Clinical Management of Oncocytic Thyroid Carcinoma
    Lindsay A. Bischoff, Ian Ganly, Laura Fugazzola, Erin Buczek, William C. Faquin, Bryan R. Haugen, Bryan McIver, Caitlin P. McMullen, Kate Newbold, Daniel J. Rocke, Marika D. Russell, Mabel Ryder, Peter M. Sadow, Eric Sherman, Maisie Shindo, David C. Shonk
    JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery.2024; 150(3): 265.     CrossRef
  • Oncocytic carcinoma of the thyroid: Conclusions from a 20‐year patient cohort
    Nelson R. Gruszczynski, Shahzeb S. Hasan, Ana G. Brennan, Julian De La Chapa, Adithya S. Reddy, David N. Martin, Prem P. Batchala, Edward B. Stelow, Eric M. Dowling, Katherine L. Fedder, Jonathan C. Garneau, David C. Shonka
    Head & Neck.2024; 46(8): 2042.     CrossRef
  • Oncocytic cell carcinoma of the thyroid with TERT promoter mutation presenting as asphyxia in an elderly: a case report
    Xiqian Wang, Yingao Liu, Lijie Chen, Jie Zhang, Ruoyu Jiang, Lei Zhang, Han Yan, Jie Zhang
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Clinical Considerations of Oncocytic Thyroid Cancer: A Review
    Soo Young Kim
    Journal of Endocrine Surgery.2024; 24(3): 49.     CrossRef
  • Mitochondrial Proteome Defined Molecular Pathological Characteristics of Oncocytic Thyroid Tumors
    Lu Li, Likun Zhang, Wenhao Jiang, Zhiqiang Gui, Zhihong Wang, Hao Zhang, Yi He, Yi Zhu, Tiannan Guo, Haixia Guan, Zhiyan Liu, Yaoting Sun, Jianqing Gao
    Endocrine Pathology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Hurthle cell carcinoma: a rare variant of thyroid malignancy – a case report
    Yuvraj Adhikari, Anupama Marasini, Nawaraj Adhikari, Laxman D. Paneru, Binit Upadhaya Regmi, Manita Raut
    Annals of Medicine & Surgery.2023; 85(5): 1940.     CrossRef
  • Hürthle Cell Carcinoma: Single Center Analysis and Considerations for Surgical Management Based on the Recent Literature
    Costanza Chiapponi, Milan J.M. Hartmann, Matthias Schmidt, Michael Faust, Christiane J. Bruns, Anne M. Schultheis, Hakan Alakus
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Thyroid
Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Graves’ Disease and Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis in Korean Patients
Jee Hee Yoon, Min-ho Shin, Hee Nam Kim, Wonsuk Choi, Ji Yong Park, A Ram Hong, Hee Kyung Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(3):599-606.   Published online June 2, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.965
  • 4,748 View
  • 126 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has an important role in regulating immune reactions by binding to programmed death 1 (PD-1) on immune cells, which could prevent the exacerbation of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of PD-L1 polymorphism with AITD, including Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT).
Methods
A total of 189 GD patients, 234 HT patients, and 846 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled in this study. We analyzed PD-L1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs822339) and investigated the associations with clinical disease course and outcome.
Results
Genotype frequency at the PD-L1 marker RS822339 in GD (P=0.219) and HT (P=0.764) patients did not differ from that among healthy controls. In patients with GD, the A/G or G/G genotype group demonstrated higher TBII titer (20.6±20.5 vs. 28.0± 25.8, P=0.044) and longer treatment duration (39.0±40.4 months vs. 62.4±65.0 months, P=0.003) compared to the A/A genotype group. Among patients in whom anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody was measured after treatment of GD, post-treatment antiTPO positivity was higher in the A/G or G/G genotype group compared to the A/A genotype group (48.1% vs. 69.9%, P=0.045). Among patients with HT, there was no significant difference of anti-TPO antibody positivity (79.4% vs. 68.6%, P=0.121), anti-thyroglobulin antibody positivity (80.9% vs. 84.7%, P=0.661), or development to overt hypothyroidism (68.0% vs. 71.1%, P=0.632) between the A/A genotype group and the A/G or G/G genotype group.
Conclusion
The genotype frequency of PD-L1 (rs822339) is not different in patients with AITD compared with healthy controls. The intact PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in GD and HT might be important to maintain chronicity of AITD by protecting immune tolerance. However, the PD-L1 SNP could be associated with difficulty in achieving remission in patients with GD, which may be helpful to predict the possibility of longer treatment. Further studies are required to investigate the complex immune tolerance system in patients with AITD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Synergistic effects of BTN3A1, SHP2, CD274, and STAT3 gene polymorphisms on the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: a multifactorial dimensional reduction analysis
    Yang-Yang Tang, Wang-Dong Xu, Lu Fu, Xiao-Yan Liu, An-Fang Huang
    Clinical Rheumatology.2024; 43(1): 489.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between CD274 gene polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus risk in a Chinese Han population
    Lu‐Qi Yang, Zhen Qin, Lu Fu, Wang‐Dong Xu
    International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Clinical Study
Characteristics of Immune-Related Thyroid Adverse Events in Patients Treated with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors
Jee Hee Yoon, A Ram Hong, Hee Kyung Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(2):413-423.   Published online April 6, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.906
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  • 29 Web of Science
  • 28 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Thyroid immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) have been reported in patients treated with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death protein-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors. We investigated the incidence and clinical course of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced thyroid IRAEs, and identified predictable clinical risk factors of thyroid IRAEs, in particular, overt hypothyroidism (OH).
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 325 cancer patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor in a tertiary referral center.
Results
A total of 50.5% (164/325) of patients experienced at least one abnormal thyroid function following PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor. Eighty-four patients (51.2%) of them recovered to normal thyroid function during follow-up. In overall population, 25 patients (7.7%) required thyroid hormone replacement therapy due to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced OH. Patients who progressed to OH showed significantly higher baseline thyroid stimulating hormone level and longer duration of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy than those without thyroid dysfunction or OH (both P<0.001). Median time interval to the development of OH was 3 months after the therapy. OH was significantly associated with positive anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody at baseline and anti-thyroglobulin antibody during the therapy than those without thyroid dysfunction or OH (P=0.015 and P=0.005, respectively). We observed no patients with OH who were able to stop levothyroxine replacement after the cessation of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy.
Conclusion
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced thyroid dysfunctions are considerably reversible; however, OH is irreversible requiring levothyroxine replacement even after stopping the therapy. Positive thyroid autoantibodies may predict the progression to OH.

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Close layer
Clinical Study
Protocol for a Korean Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of Active Surveillance or Surgery (KoMPASS) in Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma
Min Ji Jeon, Yea Eun Kang, Jae Hoon Moon, Dong Jun Lim, Chang Yoon Lee, Yong Sang Lee, Sun Wook Kim, Min-Hee Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Minho Shong, Sun Wook Cho, Won Bae Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(2):359-364.   Published online March 23, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.890
Correction in: Endocrinol Metab 2022;37(1):181
  • 6,705 View
  • 217 Download
  • 20 Web of Science
  • 19 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
A Korean Multicenter Prospective cohort study of Active Surveillance or Surgery (KoMPASS) for papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMCs) has been initiated. The aim is to compare clinical outcomes between active surveillance (AS) and an immediate lobectomy for low-risk PTMCs. We here outline the detailed protocol for this study.
Methods
Adult patients with a cytopathologically confirmed PTMC sized 6.0 to 10.0 mm by ultrasound (US) will be included. Patients will be excluded if they have a suspicious extra-thyroidal extension or metastasis of a PTMC or multiple thyroid nodules or other thyroid diseases which require a total thyroidectomy. Printed material describing the prognosis of PTMCs, and the pros and cons of each management option, will be provided to eligible patients to select their preferred intervention. For the AS group, thyroid US, thyroid function, and quality of life (QoL) parameters will be monitored every 6 months during the first year, and then annually thereafter. Disease progression will be defined as a ≥3 mm increase in maximal diameter of a PTMC, or the development of new thyroid cancers or metastases. If progression is detected, patients should undergo appropriate surgery. For the lobectomy group, a lobectomy with prophylactic central neck dissection will be done within 6 months. After initial surgery, thyroid US, thyroid function, serum thyroglobulin (Tg), anti-Tg antibody, and QoL parameters will be monitored every 6 months during the first year and annually thereafter. Disease progression will be defined in these cases as the development of new thyroid cancers or metastases.
Conclusion
KoMPASS findings will help to confirm the role of AS, and develop individualized management strategies, for low-risk PTMCs.

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    Min Joo Kim, Jae Hoon Moon, Eun Kyung Lee, Young Shin Song, Kyong Yeun Jung, Ji Ye Lee, Ji-hoon Kim, Kyungsik Kim, Sue K. Park, Young Joo Park
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    Kyeong Jin Kim
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    Jee Hee Yoon, Wonsuk Choi, Ji Yong Park, A Ram Hong, Hee Kyung Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang
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    Ji Ye Lee, Min Kyoung Lee, Hyun Kyung Lim, Chang Yoon Lee, Jin Yong Sung, Jung Hyun Yoon, Soo Yeon Han, Jung Hee Shin, Ji-hoon Kim, So Lyung Jung, Sae Rom Chung, Jung Hwan Baek, Dong Gyu Na
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    Akira Miyauchi, Yasuhiro Ito, Makoto Fujishima, Akihiro Miya, Naoyoshi Onoda, Minoru Kihara, Takuya Higashiyama, Hiroo Masuoka, Shiori Kawano, Takahiro Sasaki, Mitsushige Nishikawa, Shuji Fukata, Takashi Akamizu, Mitsuru Ito, Eijun Nishihara, Mako Hisakad
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    Renato Patrone, Nunzio Velotti, Stefania Masone, Alessandra Conzo, Luigi Flagiello, Chiara Cacciatore, Marco Filardo, Vincenza Granata, Francesco Izzo, Domenico Testa, Stefano Avenia, Alessandro Sanguinetti, Andrea Polistena, Giovanni Conzo
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Close layer
Clinical Study
Clinical Implication of World Health Organization Classification in Patients with Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma in South Korea: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Meihua Jin, Eun Sook Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Hyon-Seung Yi, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Mijin Kim, Won Gu Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(3):618-627.   Published online September 22, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.742
  • 6,392 View
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  • 9 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
The study aimed to compare the prognostic value of the 4th edition of World Health Organization classification (WHO-2017) with the previous WHO classification (WHO-2004) for follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC).
Methods
This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 318 patients with FTC from five tertiary centers who underwent thyroid surgery between 1996 and 2009. We evaluated the prognosis of patients with minimally invasive (MI), encapsulated angioinvasive (EA), and widely invasive (WI) FTC according to WHO-2017. Further, we evaluated the proportion of variation explained (PVE) and Harrell’s C-index to compare the predictability of disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS).
Results
In total, 227, 58, and 33 patients had MI-, EA-, and WI-FTC, respectively. During a median follow-up of 10.6 years, 46 (14.5%) patients had disease recurrence and 20 (6.3%) patients died from FTC. The 10-year DFS rates of patients with MI-, EA-, and WI-FTC were 91.1%, 78.2%, and 54.9%, respectively (P<0.001, PVE=7.1%, C-index=0.649). The corresponding 10-year DSS rates were 95.9%, 93.5%, and 73.5%, respectively (P<0.001, PVE=2.6%, C-index=0.624). The PVE and C-index values were higher using WHO-2017 than using WHO-2004 for the prediction of DFS, but not for DSS. In multivariate analysis, older age (P=0.02), gross extrathyroidal extension (ETE) (P=0.003), and distant metastasis (P<0.001) were independent risk factors for DSS.
Conclusion
WHO-2017 improves the predictability of DFS, but not DSS, in patients with FTC. Distant metastasis, gross ETE and older age (≥55 years) were independent risk factors for DSS.

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    Myoung Kyoung Kim, Hyunju Park, Young Lyun Oh, Jung Hee Shin, Tae Hyuk Kim, Soo Yeon Hahn
    Korean Journal of Radiology.2024; 25(1): 103.     CrossRef
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    Genpeng Li, Ziyang Ye, Tao Wei, Jingqiang Zhu, Zhihui Li, Jianyong Lei
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    Cristina Basso, Alessandra Colapinto, Valentina Vicennati, Alessandra Gambineri, Carla Pelusi, Guido Di Dalmazi, Elisa Lodi Rizzini, Elena Tabacchi, Arber Golemi, Letizia Calderoni, Stefano Fanti, Uberto Pagotto, Andrea Repaci
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    Eun Kyung Lee, Young Shin Song, Ho-Cheol Kang, Sun Wook Kim, Dong Gyu Na, Shin Je Moon, Dong-Jun Lim, Kyong Yeun Jung, Yun Jae Chung, Chan Kwon Jung, Young Joo Park
    International Journal of Thyroidology.2024; 17(1): 68.     CrossRef
  • The Prognostic Impact of Extent of Vascular Invasion in Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
    David Leong, Anthony J. Gill, John Turchini, Michael Waller, Roderick Clifton‐Bligh, Anthony Glover, Mark Sywak, Stan Sidhu
    World Journal of Surgery.2023; 47(2): 412.     CrossRef
  • TERT Promoter Mutation as a Prognostic Marker in Encapsulated Angioinvasive and Widely Invasive Follicular Thyroid Carcinomas
    Yasuhiro Ito, Takashi Akamizu
    Clinical Thyroidology.2023; 35(5): 202.     CrossRef
  • Risk factors for death of follicular thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Ting Zhang, Liang He, Zhihong Wang, Wenwu Dong, Wei Sun, Ping Zhang, Hao Zhang
    Endocrine.2023; 82(3): 457.     CrossRef
  • Molecular classification of follicular thyroid carcinoma based on TERT promoter mutations
    Hyunju Park, Hyeong Chan Shin, Heera Yang, Jung Heo, Chang-Seok Ki, Hye Seung Kim, Jung-Han Kim, Soo Yeon Hahn, Yun Jae Chung, Sun Wook Kim, Jae Hoon Chung, Young Lyun Oh, Tae Hyuk Kim
    Modern Pathology.2022; 35(2): 186.     CrossRef
  • Whole-genome Sequencing of Follicular Thyroid Carcinomas Reveal Recurrent Mutations in MicroRNA Processing Subunit DGCR8
    Johan O Paulsson, Nima Rafati, Sebastian DiLorenzo, Yi Chen, Felix Haglund, Jan Zedenius, C Christofer Juhlin
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2021; 106(11): 3265.     CrossRef
  • Clinicopathological Characteristics and Disease-Free Survival in Patients with Hürthle Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter Cohort Study in South Korea
    Meihua Jin, Eun Sook Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Yea Eun Kang, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Mijin Kim, Won Gu Kim
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(5): 1078.     CrossRef
Close layer
Clinical Study
Vandetanib for the Management of Advanced Medullary Thyroid Cancer: A Real-World Multicenter Experience
Mijin Kim, Jee Hee Yoon, Jonghwa Ahn, Min Ji Jeon, Hee Kyung Kim, Dong Jun Lim, Ho-Cheol Kang, In Joo Kim, Young Kee Shong, Tae Yong Kim, Bo Hyun Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(3):587-594.   Published online September 22, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.687
  • 6,585 View
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
Vandetanib is the most widely used tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of patients with advanced medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). However, only limited data regarding its use outside clinical trials are available. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vandetanib in patients with advanced MTC in routine clinical practice.
Methods
In this multicenter retrospective study, 12 patients with locally advanced or metastatic MTC treated with vandetanib at four tertiary hospitals were included. The primary outcome was the objective response rate (ORR) based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. The progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicities were also evaluated.
Results
Eleven patients (92%) had distant metastasis and 10 (83%) had disease progression at enrollment. Partial response was observed in five patients (ORR, 42%) and stable disease lasting ≥24 weeks was reported in an additional five patients (83%). During the median 31.7 months of follow-up, disease progression was seen in five patients (42%); of these, two died due to disease progression. The median PFS was 25.9 months, while the median OS was not reached. All patients experienced adverse events (AEs) which were generally consistent with the known safety profile of vandetanib. Vandetanib was discontinued in two patients due to skin toxicity.
Conclusion
Consistent with the phase III trial, this study confirmed the efficacy of vandetanib for advanced MTC in terms of both ORR and PFS in the real-world setting. Vandetanib was well tolerated in the majority of patients, and there were no fatal AEs.

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  • Alternative and efficient one-pot three-component synthesis of substituted 2-aryl-4-styrylquinazolines/4-styrylquinazolines from synthetically available 1-(2-aminophenyl)-3-arylprop-2-en-1-ones: characterization and evaluation of their antiproliferative a
    Diego Fernando Rodríguez, Kelly Johanna Lipez, Elena Stashenko, Iván Díaz, Justo Cobo, Alirio Palma
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    Han-Sang Baek, Jeonghoon Ha, Seunggyun Ha, Ja Seong Bae, Chan Kwon Jung, Dong-Jun Lim
    Current Oncology.2023; 30(3): 3020.     CrossRef
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    Nicolas Sahakian, Frédéric Castinetti, Pauline Romanet
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    Antonio Matrone, Carla Gambale, Alessandro Prete, Rossella Elisei
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Carla Colombo, Simone De Leo, Matteo Trevisan, Noemi Giancola, Anna Scaltrito, Laura Fugazzola
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Close layer
Clinical Study
Modification of the Tumor-Node-Metastasis Staging System for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma by Considering Extra-Thyroidal Extension and Lateral Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis
Mijin Kim, Won Gu Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Hee Kyung Kim, Hyon-Seung Yi, Eun Sook Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Ho-Cheol Kang, Tae Yong Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(1):149-156.   Published online March 19, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.35.1.149
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

Concerns have arisen about the classification of extra-thyroidal extension (ETE) and lateral cervical lymph node metastasis (N1b) in the 8th edition of the tumor-node-metastasis staging system (TNM-8). This study evaluated the prognostic validity of a modified-TNM staging system, focusing on ETE and N1b, in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients.

Methods

This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 4,878 DTC patients from five tertiary hospitals. In the modified-TNM, T3b in TNM-8 was down-staged to T2, and stage II was subdivided into stages IIA and IIB. Older patients with N1b were reclassified as stage IIB.

Results

The modified-TNM resulted in staging migration in 540 patients (11%) classified as stage II according to the TNM-8, with 75 (14%), 381 (71%), and 84 patients (16%) classified as stages I, IIA, and IIB, respectively. The 10-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rates in patients classified as stages I, II, III, and IV by TNM-8 were 99.8%, 95.9%, 81.0%, and 41.6%, respectively. The DSS rates of patients classified as stages I, IIA, IIB, III, and IV according to the modified-TNM were 99.8%, 96.4%, 93.3%, 81.0%, and 41.6%, respectively. DSS curves between stages on TNM-8 (P<0.001) and modified-TNM (P<0.001) differed significantly, but the modified-TNM discriminated better than TNM-8. The proportions of variation explained values of TNM-8 and modified-TNM were 6.3% and 6.5%, respectively.

Conclusion

Modification of the TNM staging system focusing on ETE and N1b could improve the prediction of DSS in patients with DTC. Further researches are needed to validate the prognostic accuracy of this modified-TNM staging system.

Citations

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Close layer
Thyroid
Prognosis of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma with Initial Distant Metastasis: A Multicenter Study in Korea
Hosu Kim, Hye In Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Jaehoon Jung, Min Ji Jeon, Won Gu Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Ji Min Han, Yoon Young Cho, Tae Hyuk Kim, Jae Hoon Chung
Endocrinol Metab. 2018;33(2):287-295.   Published online June 21, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2018.33.2.287
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

Most patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) have a favorable prognosis. However, patients with DTC and initial distant metastasis have not been commonly found, and their clinical characteristics have seldom been reported. In this study, we analyzed the clinical features and prognosis of patients with DTC and initial distant metastasis in Korea.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 242 patients with DTC and initial distant metastasis treated from 1994 to 2013, collected from five tertiary hospitals in Korea.

Results

The patients' median age was 51 years, and 65% were women. They were followed for a median of 7 years. Lung was the most common site of distant metastasis: only lung 149 patients (62%), only bone 49 (20%), other single site one (pleura), and combined sites 43 (40 were lung and bone, two were bone and other site, and one was lung and other site). At the time of diagnosis, 50 patients (21%) had non-radioactive iodine (RAI) avidity. Five-year disease-specific survival (DSS) was 85% and 10-year DSS was 68%, which were better than those in previous studies. After multivariate analysis, old age, male sex, metastatic site, and histologic type (follicular type) were significant factors for poor prognosis. However, negative RAI avidity status was not a significant prognostic factor after adjusting for other variables.

Conclusion

The prognosis of Korean patients with DTC and initial distant metastasis was better than in previous studies. Old age, male sex, metastasis site, and histologic type were significant prognostic factors.

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Close layer
Clinical Study
Disease-Specific Mortality of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients in Korea: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Min Ji Jeon, Won Gu Kim, Tae Hyuk Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Hyon-Seung Yi, Eun Sook Kim, Hosu Kim, Young Nam Kim, Eun Heui Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Jae Hoon Chung, Young Kee Shong, Won Bae Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2017;32(4):434-441.   Published online November 22, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2017.32.4.434
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   
Background

Little is known regarding disease-specific mortality of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients and its risk factors in Korea.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed a large multi-center cohort of thyroid cancer from six Korean hospitals and included 8,058 DTC patients who underwent initial surgery between 1996 and 2005.

Results

Mean age of patients at diagnosis was 46.2±12.3 years; 87% were females. Most patients had papillary thyroid cancer (PTC; 97%) and underwent total thyroidectomy (85%). Mean size of the primary tumor was 1.6±1.0 cm. Approximately 40% of patients had cervical lymph node (LN) metastases and 1.3% had synchronous distant metastases. During 11.3 years of follow-up, 150 disease-specific mortalities (1.9%) occurred; the 10-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rate was 98%. According to the year of diagnosis, the number of disease-specific mortality was not different. However, the rate of disease-specific mortality decreased during the study period (from 7.7% to 0.7%). Older age (≥45 years) at diagnosis, male, follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) versus PTC, larger tumor size (>2 cm), presence of extrathyroidal extension (ETE), lateral cervical LN metastasis, distant metastasis and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage were independent risk factors of disease-specific mortality of DTC patients.

Conclusion

The rate of disease-specific mortality of Korean DTC patients was 1.9%; the 10-year DSS rate was 98% during 1996 to 2005. Older age at diagnosis, male, FTC, larger tumor size, presence of ETE, lateral cervical LN metastasis, distant metastasis, and TNM stages were significant risk factors of disease-specific mortality of Korean DTC patients.

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