Endocrinology and Metabolism

Original Articles

Diabetes, obesity and metabolism Big Data Articles (National Health Insurance Service Database)
Early-Onset Dementia Risk Escalates with Diabetes Duration: Insights from a Nationwide Cohort Study: Ji-Hong Park, Sun-Joon Moon, Da Yeon Lee, Ji-Hee Ko, Han Na Jang, Hye-Mi Kwon, Se-Eun Park, Kyung-Do Han, Eun-Jung Rhee, Won-Young Lee; Endocrinol Metab. 2026;41(2):235-244. Published online July 17, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2287

3,991 View
112 Download
1 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and early-onset dementia (EOD), defined as dementia diagnosed at an age <65 years, is increasing worldwide, with significant socioeconomic implications. We investigated the association between diabetes, prediabetes, and EOD, focusing on the influence of diabetes duration on EOD risk.
Methods
Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, we analyzed data from 1,979,509 patients aged 40–60 years who underwent health checkups in 2009. Patients were categorized into five groups: normal, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), newly diagnosed diabetes, diabetes duration <5 years, and diabetes duration ≥5 years. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for EOD after adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates.
Results
During the observation period (mean 7.75 years), 8,921 patients with EOD were identified. The diabetes group demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of EOD compared to the normal group (aHR, 1.334; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.226 to 1.451). EOD risk increased with longer diabetes duration, with the highest risk observed in patients with diabetes ≥5 years (aHR, 1.543; 95% CI, 1.368 to 1.741). No significant difference was observed between the IFG and normal groups (aHR, 0.989; 95% CI, 0.938 to 1.043). Additionally, the hypertension group exhibited a significantly higher incidence of EOD compared to the non-hypertension group (aHR, 1.364; 95% CI, 1.291 to 1.442).
Conclusion
Diabetes is independently associated with increased risk of EOD, and this risk increases with longer diabetes duration. This association remained significant regardless of the presence and duration of hypertension.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Research Progress on Time in Range as a Predictor of Chronic Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
晓雨李
Advances in Clinical Medicine.2026; 16(05): 2100. CrossRef

Diabetes, obesity and metabolism Big Data Articles (National Health Insurance Service Database)
Associations of Alcohol Consumption with All-Cause and Cancer Mortalities in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population Cohort Study: Da Yeon Lee, Sun-Joon Moon, Kyung-Do Han, Ji-Hee Ko, Han-na Jang, Hye-Mi Kwon, Se-Eun Park, Eun-Jung Rhee, Won-Young Lee; Endocrinol Metab. 2025;40(6):893-903. Published online July 14, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2275

5,285 View
105 Download
3 Web of Science
3 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
To investigate the impact of alcohol consumption on all-cause and cancer mortalities in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Methods
This nationwide cohort study included Korean patients with T2D aged >20 years from a national health exams cohort (2009 to 2012). Participants were categorized based on alcohol consumption: non, mild (<30 g/day), and heavy drinkers (≥30 g/day). Primary outcomes were all-cause and cancer mortality rates. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) with adjustments for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, exercise, comorbidities, diabetes duration, and medications.
Results
Among 2,642,359 participants (median follow-up, 7.8 years), 57.2%, 32.7%, and 10.1% were non, mild, and heavy drinkers, respectively. Compared to non-drinkers, mild alcohol consumption was associated with reduced all-cause mortality (aHR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.82) and cancer mortality (aHR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.86 to 0.89), while heavy drinking increased both all-cause (aHR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.07) and cancer mortalities (aHR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.11). Subgroup analyses revealed variations: in chronic kidney disease and older age groups, heavy drinkers showed lower risk of all-cause mortality compared to non-drinkers. Regarding cancer mortality, younger and middle-aged groups showed protective effects of alcohol even for heavy drinkers, while females showed linear association between alcohol consumption and cancer mortality.
Conclusion
This study indicates a J-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and all-cause and cancer mortality risk in patients with T2D, with variations across subgroups. These findings suggest the need for personalized recommendations considering individual risk factors.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Alcohol and the endocrine system: A critical review of disruptions, potential mechanisms, and health implications
Patricia E. Molina, Liz Simon
Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of Moderate Wine Consumption on Type 2 Diabetes
Attilio Giacosa, Josep Masip, Ursula Fradera, Ramon Estruch, Mariangela Rondanelli
Nutrients.2026; 18(12): 2006. CrossRef
High BMI-attributable female-specific cancers: a comprehensive analysis of the global disease burden and trends from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2040
Guangming Sun, Junmei Tang, Hao Chen, Yue Zhu, Pan Ren, Hanyue Gan, Wenbin Wu
Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Brief Report

Diabetes, obesity and metabolism
Characteristics of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Its Risk for Hepatic Fibrosis in 476,124 Korean Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study: Da Yeon Lee, Ji-Hee Ko, Han-Na Jang, Sun Joon Moon, Hye-Mi Kwon, Se Eun Park, Cheol-Young Park, Won-Young Lee, Ki-Won Oh, Eun-Jung Rhee; Endocrinol Metab. 2025;40(4):648-652. Published online March 27, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2281

4,364 View
103 Download
6 Web of Science
6 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

As the new terminology of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and MASLD with increased alcohol intake (MetALD) has emerged, the clinical significance of MASLD is increasing. This cross-sectional study analyzed 476,124 health checkup participants (2002–2022) to compare hepatic fibrosis risks across MASLD, MetALD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Steatotic liver was identified via ultrasonography, and fibrosis risk was assessed using aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index and NAFLD fibrosis score. The prevalence of NAFLD, MAFLD, MASLD, and MetALD was 30.1%, 32.3%, 29.8%, and 3.0%, respectively, with a 27.9% overlap among three conditions. Participants with steatotic liver were predominantly male, with higher glucose, lipids, liver enzymes, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance levels. Three disease definitions largely overlapped, with MASLD and NAFLD being very similar, while participants with MAFLD and MetALD showed increased fibrosis risk (clinical trial registration number: 2024-11-050).

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Associations between steatotic liver disease subtypes and incident diabetes in young Korean adults: A nationwide cohort study
Goh Eun Chung, Su Jong Yu, Jeayeon Park, Yoon Jun Kim, Jung‐Hwan Yoon, Kyungdo Han, Eun Ju Cho
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2026; 28(3): 1947. CrossRef
Epidemiology and characteristics of obesity in Koreans based on the 2024 Obesity Fact Sheet
Eun-Jung Rhee
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2026; 69(1): 4. CrossRef
Using an integrative multi-omics and in vitro approach to investigate the role of tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate in promoting hepatic steatosis
Gang Zhou, Xihan Gu, Xinyao Zhou, Shuai Chen, Hanyang Liu, Jing Wang
BMJ Open Gastroenterology.2026; 13(1): e002123. CrossRef
Distinct Laboratory and Clinical Features of Metabolic and Alcohol-Related Liver Disease (MetALD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Maria Tampaki, Vasileios Lekakis, Christos Chologkitas, Stergios Α. Polyzos, Evangelos Cholongitas
Current Obesity Reports.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Nationwide Big Data Studies of Endocrine Diseases Using the Korean National Health Information Database: Research Trends and Standardization of Operational Definitions
Sun Wook Cho, Jung Hee Kim, Kyoung Jin Kim, Beom-Jun Kim, Mee Kyoung Kim, Eun Jung Rhee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2026; 41(1): 86. CrossRef
Global epidemiology of metabolic and alcohol-associated liver disease: risk factors, natural history and clinical implications
Luis Antonio Díaz, Elisa Pose, Mads Israelsen, Rohit Loomba
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

First
Prev
Page of 1
Next
Last

Search