Endocrinology and Metabolism

Special Article

Adrenal gland
2023 Korean Endocrine Society Consensus Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Primary Aldosteronism: Jeonghoon Ha, Jung Hwan Park, Kyoung Jin Kim, Jung Hee Kim, Kyong Yeun Jung, Jeongmin Lee, Jong Han Choi, Seung Hun Lee, Namki Hong, Jung Soo Lim, Byung Kwan Park, Jung-Han Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Jooyoung Cho, Mi-kyung Kim, Choon Hee Chung, The Committee of Clinical Practice Guideline of Korean Endocrine Society, The Korean Adrenal Study Group of Korean Endocrine Society; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(6):597-618. Published online October 13, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1789

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Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common, yet underdiagnosed cause of secondary hypertension. It is characterized by an overproduction of aldosterone, leading to hypertension and/or hypokalemia. Despite affecting between 5.9% and 34% of patients with hypertension, PA is frequently missed due to a lack of clinical awareness and systematic screening, which can result in significant cardiovascular complications. To address this, medical societies have developed clinical practice guidelines to improve the management of hypertension and PA. The Korean Endocrine Society, drawing on a wealth of research, has formulated new guidelines for PA. A task force has been established to prepare PA guidelines, which encompass epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care. The Korean clinical guidelines for PA aim to deliver an evidence-based protocol for PA diagnosis, treatment, and patient monitoring. These guidelines are anticipated to ease the burden of this potentially curable condition.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Correlation of Histopathologic Subtypes of Primary Aldosteronism with Clinical Phenotypes and Postsurgical Outcomes
Chang Ho Ahn, You-Bin Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim, Young Lyun Oh, Jung Hee Kim, Kyeong Cheon Jung
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 109(8): e1582. CrossRef
Temporal trends in clinical features of patients with primary aldosteronism over 20 years
Seung Shin Park, Chang Ho Ahn, Sang Wan Kim, Jung-Min Koh, Seung Hun Lee, Jung Hee Kim
Hypertension Research.2024; 47(8): 2019. CrossRef
Primary aldosteronism: An underdiagnosed clinical entity
Peeyush Jain, Atul Kaushik, Nilashish Dey, Ashwani Mehta, Shaloo Kapoor, Chhavi Agrawal
Journal of Current Cardiology.2024; 2(2): 65. CrossRef
Historical changes in the clinical features of primary aldosteronism
Takamasa Ichijo
Hypertension Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Article

Diabetes, obesity and metabolism Big Data Articles (National Health Insurance Service Database)
Risk for Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus after COVID-19 among Korean Adults: A Nationwide Matched Cohort Study: Jong Han Choi, Kyoung Min Kim, Keeho Song, Gi Hyeon Seo; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(2):245-252. Published online April 5, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1662

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Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause various extrapulmonary sequelae, including diabetes. However, it is unclear whether these effects persist 30 days after diagnosis. Hence, we investigated the incidence of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the post-acute phase of COVID-19.
Methods
This cohort study used data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, a representative national healthcare database in Korea. We established a cohort of 348,180 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 without a history of diabetes between January 2020 and September 2021. The control group consisted of sex- and age-matched individuals with neither a history of diabetes nor COVID-19. We assessed the hazard ratios (HR) of newly diagnosed T2DM patients with COVID-19 compared to controls, adjusted for age, sex, and the presence of hypertension and dyslipidemia.
Results
In the post-acute phase, patients with COVID-19 had an increased risk of newly diagnosed T2DM compared to those without COVID-19 (adjusted HR, 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27 to 1.33). The adjusted HRs of non-hospitalized, hospitalized, and intensive care unit-admitted patients were 1.14 (95% CI, 1.08 to 1.19), 1.34 (95% CI, 1.30 to 1.38), and 1.78 (95% CI, 1.59 to 1.99), respectively. The risk of T2DM in patients who were not administered glucocorticoids also increased (adjusted HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.32).
Conclusion
COVID-19 may increase the risk of developing T2DM beyond the acute period. The higher the severity of COVID-19 in the acute phase, the higher the risk of newly diagnosed T2DM. Therefore, T2DM should be included as a component of managing long-term COVID-19.

Citations

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New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in COVID-19: A Scoping Review
Anca Pantea Stoian, Ioana-Cristina Bica, Teodor Salmen, Wael Al Mahmeed, Khalid Al-Rasadi, Kamila Al-Alawi, Maciej Banach, Yajnavalka Banerjee, Antonio Ceriello, Mustafa Cesur, Francesco Cosentino, Alberto Firenze, Massimo Galia, Su-Yen Goh, Andrej Janez,
Diabetes Therapy.2024; 15(1): 33. CrossRef
COVID-19 vaccines and blood glucose control: Friend or foe?
Walter Vena, Stella Pigni, Nazarena Betella, Annalisa Navarra, Marco Mirani, Gherardo Mazziotti, Andrea G. Lania, Antonio C. Bossi
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of COVID-19 infection and the risk of new incident diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Jingye Zhou, Yuzhu Wang, Ruolan Xu
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Incidence of diabetes after SARS-CoV-2 infection in England and the implications of COVID-19 vaccination: a retrospective cohort study of 16 million people
Kurt Taylor, Sophie Eastwood, Venexia Walker, Genevieve Cezard, Rochelle Knight, Marwa Al Arab, Yinghui Wei, Elsie M F Horne, Lucy Teece, Harriet Forbes, Alex Walker, Louis Fisher, Jon Massey, Lisa E M Hopcroft, Tom Palmer, Jose Cuitun Coronado, Samantha
The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology.2024; 12(8): 558. CrossRef
A Prospective 1-Year Follow-up of Glycemic Status and C-Peptide Levels of COVID-19 Survivors with Dysglycemia in Acute COVID-19 Infection
David Tak Wai Lui, Chi Ho Lee, Ying Wong, Carol Ho Yi Fong, Kimberly Hang Tsoi, Yu Cho Woo, Kathryn Choon Beng Tan
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(4): 763. CrossRef
Commentary on "New-onset diabetes in children during the COVID-19 Pandemic: an assessment of biomarkers and psychosocial risk factors at play in Mississippi"
Se Young Kim
Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 29(4): 209. CrossRef
Pituitary Diseases and COVID-19 Outcomes in South Korea: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Jeonghoon Ha, Kyoung Min Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Keeho Song, Gi Hyeon Seo
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(14): 4799. CrossRef

Review Article

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Homeostatic Regulation of Glucose Metabolism by the Central Nervous System: Jong Han Choi, Min-Seon Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(1):9-25. Published online February 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1364

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Evidence for involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in the regulation of glucose metabolism dates back to the 19th century, although the majority of the research on glucose metabolism has focused on the peripheral metabolic organs. Due to recent advances in neuroscience, it has now become clear that the CNS is indeed vital for maintaining glucose homeostasis. To achieve normoglycemia, specific populations of neurons and glia in the hypothalamus sense changes in the blood concentrations of glucose and of glucoregulatory hormones such as insulin, leptin, glucagon-like peptide 1, and glucagon. This information is integrated and transmitted to other areas of the brain where it eventually modulates various processes in glucose metabolism (i.e., hepatic glucose production, glucose uptake in the brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, pancreatic insulin and glucagon secretion, renal glucose reabsorption, etc.). Errors in these processes lead to hyper- or hypoglycemia. We here review the current understanding of the brain regulation of glucose metabolism.

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Sympathetic nerve-enteroendocrine L cell communication modulates GLP-1 release, brain glucose utilization, and cognitive function
Wenran Ren, Jianhui Chen, Wenjing Wang, Qingqing Li, Xia Yin, Guanglei Zhuang, Hong Zhou, Wenwen Zeng
Neuron.2024; 112(6): 972. CrossRef
Hypothalamic astrocyte NAD+ salvage pathway mediates the coupling of dietary fat overconsumption in a mouse model of obesity
Jae Woo Park, Se Eun Park, Wuhyun Koh, Won Hee Jang, Jong Han Choi, Eun Roh, Gil Myoung Kang, Seong Jun Kim, Hyo Sun Lim, Chae Beom Park, So Yeon Jeong, Sang Yun Moon, Chan Hee Lee, Sang Yeob Kim, Hyung Jin Choi, Se Hee Min, C. Justin Lee, Min-Seon Kim
Nature Communications.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy of metformin and electrical pulses in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells
Praveen Sahu, Ignacio G. Camarillo, Raji Sundararajan
Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy.2024; 5(1): 54. CrossRef
Redox imbalance and metabolic defects in the context of Alzheimer disease
Fabio Di Domenico, Chiara Lanzillotta, Marzia Perluigi
FEBS Letters.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Acid sphingomyelinase inhibition induces cerebral angiogenesis post-ischemia/reperfusion in an oxidative stress-dependent way and promotes endothelial survival by regulating mitochondrial metabolism
Ayan Mohamud Yusuf, Mina Borbor, Tanja Hussner, Carolin Weghs, Britta Kaltwasser, Matthias Pillath-Eilers, Bernd Walkenfort, Richard Kolesnick, Erich Gulbins, Dirk M. Hermann, Ulf Brockmeier
Cell Death & Disease.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Obesity-associated microglial inflammatory activation paradoxically improves glucose tolerance
John D. Douglass, Kelly M. Ness, Martin Valdearcos, Alice Wyse-Jackson, Mauricio D. Dorfman, Jeremy M. Frey, Rachael D. Fasnacht, Olivia D. Santiago, Anzela Niraula, Jineta Banerjee, Megan Robblee, Suneil K. Koliwad, Joshua P. Thaler
Cell Metabolism.2023; 35(9): 1613. CrossRef
Phenotypic screening using waveform analysis of synchronized calcium oscillations in primary cortical cultures
Richi Sakaguchi, Saki Nakamura, Hiroyuki Iha, Masaki Tanaka, Ming Tatt Lee
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(4): e0271782. CrossRef
Effects of Escitalopram on the Functional Neural Circuits in an Animal Model of Adolescent Depression
Se Jong Oh, Namhun Lee, Kyung Rok Nam, Kyung Jun Kang, Sang Jin Han, Jae Yong Choi
Molecular Imaging and Biology.2023; 25(4): 735. CrossRef
A Survey of Deep Learning for Alzheimer’s Disease
Qinghua Zhou, Jiaji Wang, Xiang Yu, Shuihua Wang, Yudong Zhang
Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction.2023; 5(2): 611. CrossRef
Potassium channels in behavioral brain disorders. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential: A narrative review
Kazi Asraful Alam, Pernille Svalastoga, Aurora Martinez, Jeffrey Colm Glennon, Jan Haavik
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.2023; 152: 105301. CrossRef
Knockout of Nur77 Leads to Amino Acid, Lipid, and Glucose Metabolism Disorders in Zebrafish
Yang Xu, Juanjuan Tian, Qi Kang, Hang Yuan, Chengdong Liu, Zhehui Li, Jie Liu, Mingyu Li
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of the POMC System on Glucose Homeostasis and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Obesity and Diabetes
Dan Yang, Xintong Hou, Guimei Yang, Mengnan Li, Jian Zhang, Minmin Han, Yi Zhang, Yunfeng Liu
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy.2022; Volume 15: 2939. CrossRef

Original Article

Obesity and Metabolism
Distinct Ultradian Rhythms in Plasma Clusterin Concentrations in Lean and Obese Korean Subjects: Jong Han Choi, Eunheui Jeong, Byung Soo Youn, Min-Seon Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2018;33(2):245-251. Published online May 4, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2018.33.2.245

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Background

Blood levels of many hormones show rhythmic fluctuations with variable duration of cycles. Clusterin/apolipoprotein J is a glycoprotein which is highly expressed in the plasma and has modulatory roles in immune and inflammatory reactions, neurobiology, lipid metabolism, and leptin signaling. In this study, we examined the diurnal fluctuations of plasma clusterin concentrations in lean and obese young men.

Methods

For the study, 14 subjects (five lean and five obese men; two lean and two obese women) were admitted to the research ward and blood samples were drawn every 30 minutes during light-on period (6:00 AM to 10:00 PM) and every hour during light-off period.

Results

Notably, plasma clusterin concentrations displayed a unique ultradian rhythm with five cycles a day in both men and women. During the light-on period, circulating clusterin levels showed fluctuating curves with 4 hours regular intervals with sharp peaks and troughs. In contrast, single oscillation curve during light-off exhibited a smoothened/lower peak and longer (8-hour) duration. In obese men, these cycles were phase-advanced by approximately 1 hour, and had reduced amplitude of fluctuating curves and blunted diurnal pattern. Cyclic fluctuations of plasma clusterin were preserved under fasting and unexpected meal condition, suggesting that rhythmic oscillations in plasma clusterin levels are not generated by meal-related cues.

Conclusion

These findings firstly demonstrate a novel pattern of plasma clusterin fluctuations with extremely regular cycles.

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Clusterin and Related Scoring Index as Potential Early Predictors of Response to Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Satoshi Narahara, Takehisa Watanabe, Katsuya Nagaoka, Nahoko Fujimoto, Yoki Furuta, Kentaro Tanaka, Takayuki Tokunaga, Takeshi Kawasaki, Yoko Yoshimaru, Hiroko Setoyama, Kentaro Oniki, Junji Saruwatari, Masakuni Tateyama, Hideaki Naoe, Motohiko Tanaka, Ya
Hepatology Communications.2022; 6(5): 1198. CrossRef
The role of circadian rhythm in choroid plexus functions
Telma Quintela, André Furtado, Ana C. Duarte, Isabel Gonçalves, Jihwan Myung, Cecília R.A. Santos
Progress in Neurobiology.2021; 205: 102129. CrossRef
A Novel Multi-Biomarker Assay for Non-Invasive Quantitative Monitoring of Kidney Injury
Drew Watson, Joshua Y. C. Yang, Reuben D. Sarwal, Tara K. Sigdel, Juliane M. Liberto, Izabella Damm, Victoria Louie, Shristi Sigdel, Devon Livingstone, Katherine Soh, Arjun Chakraborty, Michael Liang, Pei-Chen Lin, Minnie M. Sarwal
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2019; 8(4): 499. CrossRef

Case Report

Adrenal gland
Multiple Myeloma in a Patient with Acromegaly: Yu Mi Kang, Jong Han Choi, Min Jung Lee, Ari Ahn, Chan-Jeoung Park, Kiju Chang, Seyoung Seo, Sun In Hong, Min-Seon Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2015;30(1):110-115. Published online March 27, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.1.110

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Acromegaly is a slowly progressing condition resulting from excess growth hormone (GH), generally caused by a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma. Cancer is the third most common cause of mortality in patients with acromegaly, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is known to influence tumor formation by increasing cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm, and previous studies have suggested the possible role of IGF-1 in its development of MM. However, no cases of acromegaly accompanied with MM have been reported in Asia to date. We here report the case of a 58-year-old woman with acromegaly accompanied with MM who presented with longstanding acromegalic manifestations resulting from a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma and also exhibited anemia, a reversed albumin/globulin ratio, and plasmacytosis on bone marrow examination. Because IGF-1 has been suggested to play an important role in the development and progression of MM, the patient promptly underwent surgical removal of the pituitary adenoma via a transsphenoidal approach. Since there is currently no consensus on therapeutic guidelines and suggested prognosis for MM with acromegaly, long-term follow-up of such cases is needed.

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Co-Occurrence of Acromegaly and Hematological Disorders: A Myth or Common Pathogenic Mechanism
Prakamya Gupta, Pinaki Dutta
Integrative Medicine International.2017; 4(1-2): 94. CrossRef

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