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Original Articles
Thyroid
Dynamic Risk Model for the Medical Treatment of Graves’ Hyperthyroidism according to Treatment Duration
Meihua Jin, Chae A Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Won Bae Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Won Gu Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(4):579-589.   Published online May 23, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.1918
  • 2,327 View
  • 132 Download
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Changes in thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) levels are associated with the clinical outcomes of Graves’ hyperthyroidism. However, the effects of the patterns of TRAb changes on patient prognosis according to the treatment duration of antithyroid drugs (ATDs) are not well established.
Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, 1,235 patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism who were treated with ATDs for more than 12 months were included. Patients were divided into two groups according to treatment duration: group 1 (12–24 months) and group 2 (>24 months). Risk prediction models comprising age, sex, and either TRAb levels at ATD withdrawal (model A) or patterns of TRAb changes (model B) were compared.
Results
The median treatment duration in groups 1 (n=667, 54%) and 2 (n=568, 46%) was 17.3 and 37.1 months, respectively. The recurrence rate was significantly higher in group 2 (47.9%) than in group 1 (41.4%, P=0.025). Group 2 had significantly more goiter, thyroid eye disease, and fluctuating and smoldering type of TRAb pattern compared with group 1 (all P<0.001). The patterns of TRAb changes were an independent risk factor for recurrence after adjusting for other confounding factors in all patients, except in group 1. Integrated discrimination improvement and net reclassification improvement analyses showed that model B performed better than model A in all patients, except in group 1.
Conclusion
The dynamic risk model, including the patterns of TRAb changes, was more suitable for predicting prognosis in patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism who underwent longer ATD treatment duration.
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Thyroid
The Diagnostic Role of Repeated Biopsy of Thyroid Nodules with Atypia of Undetermined Significance with Architectural Atypia on Core-Needle Biopsy
Hye Hyeon Moon, Sae Rom Chung, Young Jun Choi, Tae-Yon Sung, Dong Eun Song, Tae Yong Kim, Jeong Hyun Lee, Jung Hwan Baek
Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(2):300-309.   Published online January 3, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1818
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
We aimed to evaluate the utility of repeat biopsy of thyroid nodules classified as atypia of undetermined significance with architectural atypia (IIIB) on core-needle biopsy (CNB).
Methods
This retrospective study evaluated patients with thyroid nodules categorized as IIIB on CNB between 2013 and 2015. Demographic characteristics, subsequent biopsy results, and ultrasound (US) images were evaluated. The malignancy rates of nodules according to number of CNBs and the number of IIIB diagnoses was compared. Demographic and US features were evaluated to determine factors predictive of malignancy.
Results
Of 1,003 IIIB nodules on CNB, the final diagnosis was determined for 328 (32.7%) nodules, with 121 of them confirmed as malignant, resulting in a malignancy rate of 36.9% (95% confidence interval, 31.7% to 42.1%). Repeat CNB was performed in 248 nodules (24.7%), with 75 (30.2%), 131 (52.8%), 13 (5.2%), 26 (10.5%), one (0.4%), and two (0.8%) reclassified into categories II, IIIB, IIIA, IV, V, and VI, respectively. Malignancy rates were not significantly affected by the number of CNBs (P=0.291) or the number of IIIB diagnoses (P=0.473). None of the nodules confirmed as category II on repeat CNB was malignant. US features significantly associated with malignancy (P<0.003) included solid composition, irregular margins, microcalcifications, and high suspicion on the US risk stratification system.
Conclusion
Repeat biopsy of nodules diagnosed with IIIB on CNB did not increase the detection of malignancy but can potentially reduce unnecessary surgery. Repeat biopsy should be performed selectively, with US features guiding the choice between repeat biopsy and diagnostic surgery.
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Thyroid
Long-Term Changes in the Mortality Rates of Thyroid Cancer in Korea: Analysis of Korean National Data from 1985 to 2020
Yun Mi Choi, Min-Ju Kim, Jiwoo Lee, Mi Kyung Kwak, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Eun-Gyoung Hong, Won Bae Kim, Won Gu Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(5):588-595.   Published online September 8, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1723
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  • 4 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Thyroid cancer mortality has been largely overlooked as relatively stable given the large gap between thyroid cancer incidence and mortality. This study evaluated long-term trends in age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) throughout Korea and compared them with mortality data reported by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER).
Methods
Cancer-specific mortality data from 1985 to 2020 were obtained from Statistics Korea. ASMRs from thyroid cancer were calculated based on the Korean mid-year resident registration population of 2005. We assessed SEER*Explorer and downloaded the mortality data.
Results
The ASMR increased from 0.19 to 0.77/100,000 between 1985 and 2002 but decreased continuously to 0.36/100,000 in 2020. The annual percent change (APC) in the ASMR between 1985 and 2003 and between 2003 and 2020 was 6.204 and −4.218, respectively, with similar patterns observed in both men and women. The ASMR of the SEER showed a modest increase from 1988 to 2016 and then stabilized. In subgroup analysis, the ASMR of the old age group (≥55 years) increased significantly from 0.82 in 1985 to 3.92/100,000 in 2002 (APC 6.917) but then decreased again to 1.86/100,000 in 2020 (APC −4.136). ASMRs according to the age group in the SEER showed a relatively stable trend even in the elderly group.
Conclusion
The ASMR of thyroid cancer in Korea had increased from 1985 to 2002 but has since been steadily decreasing. This trend was mainly attributed to elderly people aged 55 or over. The absolute APC value of Korea was much higher than that of the SEER.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Association Between Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Thyroid Cancer
    Sang Yi Moon, Minkook Son, Jung-Hwan Cho, Hye In Kim, Ji Min Han, Ji Cheol Bae, Sunghwan Suh
    Thyroid®.2025; 35(1): 79.     CrossRef
  • It Is Time to Understand the Additional Benefits of Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
    Kyeong Jin Kim
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(1): 95.     CrossRef
  • Thyroid cancer-specific mortality during 2005–2018 in Korea, aftermath of the overdiagnosis issue: a nationwide population-based cohort study
    Kyeong Jin Kim, Jimi Choi, Sue K. Park, Young Joo Park, Sin Gon Kim
    International Journal of Surgery.2024; 110(9): 5489.     CrossRef
  • Trends in Thyroid Cancer Mortality Rates in Korea: Insights from National Health Database
    Won Gu Kim
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(6): 853.     CrossRef
  • A Clinical Audit of Thyroid Hormonal Replacement After Total Thyroidectomy
    Islam Mansy, Abdelfatah M Elsenosy, Eslam M Hassan, Mujtaba Zakria
    Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Corrigendum
Thyroid
Corrigendum: Abstract and Text Correction. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Reference Range and Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction in the Korean Population: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013 to 2015
Won Gu Kim, Won Bae Kim, Gyeongji Woo, Hyejin Kim, Yumi Cho, Tae Yong Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Myung-Hee Shin, Jin Woo Park, Hai-Lin Park, Kyungwon Oh, Jae Hoon Chung
Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(3):357.   Published online May 16, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.301
Corrects: Endocrinol Metab 2017;32(1):106
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Original Article
Thyroid
Big Data Articles (National Health Insurance Service Database)
Recent Changes in the Incidence of Thyroid Cancer in Korea between 2005 and 2018: Analysis of Korean National Data
Yun Mi Choi, Jiwoo Lee, Mi Kyung Kwak, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Eun-Gyoung Hong, Won Bae Kim, Won Gu Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(5):791-799.   Published online October 11, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1533
  • 4,399 View
  • 226 Download
  • 13 Web of Science
  • 14 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
In this study, we evaluated the recent changes in the standardized, age-specific, stage-specific incidence rates (IRs) of thyroid cancer in Korea and compared them with the incidence data reported by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program.
Methods
The analysis was conducted using the incidence data (2005 to 2018) from the Statistics Korea and Korea Central Cancer Registry.
Results
The age-standardized IR (SIR) of thyroid cancer increased from 24.09 per 100,000 in 2005 to 74.83 in 2012 (annual percent change [APC], 14.5). From 2012 to 2015, the SIR decreased to 42.52 (APC, –17.9) and then remained stable until 2018 (APC, 2.1). This trend was similar in both men and women. Regarding age-specific IRs, the IRs for ages of 30 years and older showed a trend similar to that of the SIR; however, for ages below 30 years, no significant reduction was observed from the vertex of IR in 2015. Regarding stage-specific IRs, the increase was more prominent in those with regional disease (APC, 17.4) than in those with localized disease until 2012; then, the IR decreased until 2015 (APC, –16.1). The average APC from 2005 to 2018 increased in men, those under the age of 30 years, and those with regional disease.
Conclusion
The SIR in Korea peaked in 2012 and decreased until 2015 and then remained stable until 2018. However, in young individuals under the age of 30 years, the IR did not significantly decrease but tended to increase again. In terms of stage-specific IRs, the sharpest increase was seen among those with regional disease.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Comparison of postoperative pain between transoral and conventional thyroidectomy: a propensity score-matched analysis
    Min Kyu Park, Van Cuong Nguyen, Eugene Kim, Chang Myeon Song, Yong Bae Ji, Jin Hyeok Jeong, Kyung Tae
    Surgical Endoscopy.2024; 38(3): 1512.     CrossRef
  • Contents analysis of thyroid cancer-related information uploaded to YouTube by physicians in Korea: endorsing thyroid cancer screening, potentially leading to overdiagnosis
    EunKyo Kang, HyoRim Ju, Soojeong Kim, Juyoung Choi
    BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Bilateral axillo-breast approach robotic total thyroidectomy without isthmectomy: a case report
    Hyeji Kim, Hyeonuk Hwang, Hyungju Kwon
    The Ewha Medical Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between Consumption of Iodine-Rich Foods and Thyroid Cancer Prevalence: Findings from a Large Population-Based Study
    Yu-Jin Kwon, Hye-Sun Lee, Sang-Wook Kang, Ji-Won Lee
    Nutrients.2024; 16(7): 1041.     CrossRef
  • Cost-Utility Analysis of Early Detection with Ultrasonography of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Retrospective Study on a Korean Population
    Han-Sang Baek, Jeonghoon Ha, Kwangsoon Kim, Ja Seong Bae, Jeong Soo Kim, Sungju Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Chul-Min Kim
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(2): 310.     CrossRef
  • Thyroid Cancer Incidence Among Korean Individuals: A Comparison of South Korea and the United States
    Dohun Kim, Guan Li, Peter K. Moon, Yifei Ma, Soohyun Sim, Sung Y. Park, Minkyung Oh, Uchechukwu C. Megwalu
    The Laryngoscope.2024; 134(9): 4156.     CrossRef
  • Thyroid cancer-specific mortality during 2005–2018 in Korea, aftermath of the overdiagnosis issue: a nationwide population-based cohort study
    Kyeong Jin Kim, Jimi Choi, Sue K. Park, Young Joo Park, Sin Gon Kim
    International Journal of Surgery.2024; 110(9): 5489.     CrossRef
  • Trends in Thyroid Cancer Mortality Rates in Korea: Insights from National Health Database
    Won Gu Kim
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(6): 853.     CrossRef
  • Cancer and Mortality Risks of Graves’ Disease in South Korea Based on National Data from 2010 to 2019
    Young Ju Choi, Kyungdo Han, Won Kyoung Cho, Min Ho Jung, Byung-Kyu Suh
    Clinical Epidemiology.2023; Volume 15: 535.     CrossRef
  • Survival Comparison of Incidentally Found versus Clinically Detected Thyroid Cancers: An Analysis of a Nationwide Cohort Study
    Shinje Moon, Eun Kyung Lee, Hoonsung Choi, Sue K. Park, Young Joo Park
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(1): 81.     CrossRef
  • Cumulative exposure to metabolic syndrome increases thyroid cancer risk in young adults: a population-based cohort study
    Jinyoung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Mee Kyoung Kim, Ki-Hyun Baek, Ki-Ho Song, Hyuk-Sang Kwon
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2023; 38(4): 526.     CrossRef
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Active Surveillance Compared to Early Surgery of Small Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Retrospective Study on a Korean Population
    Han-Sang Baek, Jeonghoon Ha, Kwangsoon Kim, Jaseong Bae, Jeong Soo Kim, Sungju Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Chulmin Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Long-Term Changes in the Mortality Rates of Thyroid Cancer in Korea: Analysis of Korean National Data from 1985 to 2020
    Yun Mi Choi, Min-Ju Kim, Jiwoo Lee, Mi Kyung Kwak, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Eun-Gyoung Hong, Won Bae Kim, Won Gu Kim
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(5): 588.     CrossRef
  • Age and Post-Lobectomy Recurrence after Endoscopic or Robotic Thyroid Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 2348 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Patients
    Jin-Seong Cho, Yong-Min Na, Hee Kyung Kim
    Cancers.2023; 15(23): 5506.     CrossRef
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Editorial
Thyroid
Effect of Hyperthyroidism on Preventing Renal Insufficiency
Tae Yong Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(2):220.   Published online April 25, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.201
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  • 1 Crossref
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Citations

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  • Therapeutic effect of Corbrin (Bailing) capsule on patients with renal insufficiency: A meta-analysis
    Xiaoling Zhou, Jianhua Ye, Xiaoyan Guo, Menghua Chen
    Heliyon.2024; 10(8): e29488.     CrossRef
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Corrigendum
Miscellaneous
Corrigendum: Correction of Acknowledgments. Active Surveillance as an Effective Management Option for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma
Min Ji Jeon, Won Gu Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Bae Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(1):180.   Published online February 28, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.103
Corrects: Endocrinol Metab 2021;36(4):717
  • 3,398 View
  • 112 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
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Citations

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  • Lateral Involvement in Different Sized Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas Patients with Central Lymph Node Metastasis: A Multi-Center Analysis
    Yu Heng, Zheyu Yang, Pengyu Cao, Xi Cheng, Lei Tao
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(17): 4975.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Thyroid
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Disease-Free Survival in Patients with Hürthle Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter Cohort Study in South Korea
Meihua Jin, Eun Sook Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Yea Eun Kang, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Mijin Kim, Won Gu Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(5):1078-1085.   Published online October 28, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1151
  • 5,315 View
  • 122 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • 8 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC), a type of thyroid carcinoma, is rare in South Korea, and few studies have investigated its prognosis.
Methods
This long-term multicenter retrospective cohort study evaluated the clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes in patients with HCC who underwent thyroid surgery between 1996 and 2009.
Results
The mean age of the 97 patients included in the study was 50.3 years, and 26.8% were male. The mean size of the primary tumor was 3.2±1.8 cm, and three (3.1%) patients had distant metastasis at initial diagnosis. Ultrasonographic findings were available for 73 patients; the number of nodules with low-, intermediate-, and high suspicion was 28 (38.4%), 27 (37.0%), and 18 (24.7%), respectively, based on the Korean-Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System. Preoperatively, follicular neoplasm (FN) or suspicion for FN accounted for 65.2% of the cases according to the Bethesda category, and 13% had malignancy or suspicious for malignancy. During a median follow-up of 8.5 years, eight (8.2%) patients had persistent/recurrent disease, and none died of HCC. Older age, gross extrathyroidal extension (ETE), and widely invasive types of tumors were significantly associated with distant metastasis (all P<0.01). Gross ETE (hazard ratio [HR], 27.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2 to 346.4; P=0.01) and widely invasive classification (HR, 6.5; 95% CI, 1.1 to 39.4; P=0.04) were independent risk factors for poor disease-free survival (DFS).
Conclusion
The long-term prognosis of HCC is relatively favorable in South Korea from this study, although this is not a nation-wide data, and gross ETE and widely invasive cancer are significant prognostic factors for DFS. The diagnosis of HCC by ultrasonography and cytopathology remains challenging.

Citations

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  • Prognostic impact of fibrosclerotic changes in non-papillary, non-anaplastic, follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinomas
    Giulia Orlando, Giulia Capella, Giulia Vocino Trucco, Elena Vissio, Jasna Metovic, Francesca Maletta, Marco Volante, Mauro Papotti
    Virchows Archiv.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Molecular Alterations and Comprehensive Clinical Management of Oncocytic Thyroid Carcinoma
    Lindsay A. Bischoff, Ian Ganly, Laura Fugazzola, Erin Buczek, William C. Faquin, Bryan R. Haugen, Bryan McIver, Caitlin P. McMullen, Kate Newbold, Daniel J. Rocke, Marika D. Russell, Mabel Ryder, Peter M. Sadow, Eric Sherman, Maisie Shindo, David C. Shonk
    JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery.2024; 150(3): 265.     CrossRef
  • Oncocytic carcinoma of the thyroid: Conclusions from a 20‐year patient cohort
    Nelson R. Gruszczynski, Shahzeb S. Hasan, Ana G. Brennan, Julian De La Chapa, Adithya S. Reddy, David N. Martin, Prem P. Batchala, Edward B. Stelow, Eric M. Dowling, Katherine L. Fedder, Jonathan C. Garneau, David C. Shonka
    Head & Neck.2024; 46(8): 2042.     CrossRef
  • Oncocytic cell carcinoma of the thyroid with TERT promoter mutation presenting as asphyxia in an elderly: a case report
    Xiqian Wang, Yingao Liu, Lijie Chen, Jie Zhang, Ruoyu Jiang, Lei Zhang, Han Yan, Jie Zhang
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Clinical Considerations of Oncocytic Thyroid Cancer: A Review
    Soo Young Kim
    Journal of Endocrine Surgery.2024; 24(3): 49.     CrossRef
  • Mitochondrial Proteome Defined Molecular Pathological Characteristics of Oncocytic Thyroid Tumors
    Lu Li, Likun Zhang, Wenhao Jiang, Zhiqiang Gui, Zhihong Wang, Hao Zhang, Yi He, Yi Zhu, Tiannan Guo, Haixia Guan, Zhiyan Liu, Yaoting Sun, Jianqing Gao
    Endocrine Pathology.2024; 35(4): 442.     CrossRef
  • Hurthle cell carcinoma: a rare variant of thyroid malignancy – a case report
    Yuvraj Adhikari, Anupama Marasini, Nawaraj Adhikari, Laxman D. Paneru, Binit Upadhaya Regmi, Manita Raut
    Annals of Medicine & Surgery.2023; 85(5): 1940.     CrossRef
  • Hürthle Cell Carcinoma: Single Center Analysis and Considerations for Surgical Management Based on the Recent Literature
    Costanza Chiapponi, Milan J.M. Hartmann, Matthias Schmidt, Michael Faust, Christiane J. Bruns, Anne M. Schultheis, Hakan Alakus
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Review Article
Thyroid
Active Surveillance as an Effective Management Option for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma
Min Ji Jeon, Won Gu Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Bae Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(4):717-724.   Published online August 11, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1042
Correction in: Endocrinol Metab 2022;37(1):180
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Active surveillance (AS) for low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has been accepted worldwide as safe and effective. Despite the growing acceptance of AS in the management of low-risk PTMCs, there are barriers to AS in real clinical settings, and it is important to understand and establish appropriate AS protocol from initial evaluation to follow-up. PTMC management strategies should be decided upon after careful consideration of patient and tumor characteristics by a multidisciplinary team of thyroid cancer specialists. Patients should understand the risks and benefits of AS, participate in decision-making and follow structured monitoring strategies. In this review, we discuss clinical outcomes of AS from previous studies, optimal indications and follow-up strategies for AS, and unresolved questions about AS.

Citations

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  • Diagnostic Accuracy of Preoperative Radiologic Findings in Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: Discrepancies with the Postoperative Pathologic Diagnosis and Implications for Clinical Outcomes
    Ying Li, Seul Ki Kwon, Hoonsung Choi, Yoo Hyung Kim, Sunyoung Kang, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Jae-Kyung Won, Do Joon Park, Young Joo Park, Sun Wook Cho
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(3): 450.     CrossRef
  • Serum thyroglobulin testing after thyroid lobectomy in patients with 1–4 cm papillary thyroid carcinoma
    Ahreum Jang, Meihua Jin, Chae A Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Yu-Mi Lee, Tae-Yon Sung, Tae Yong Kim, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Gu Kim
    Endocrine.2023; 81(2): 290.     CrossRef
  • Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: Active Surveillance Against Surgery. Considerations of an Italian Working Group From a Systematic Review
    Giuseppina Orlando, Gregorio Scerrino, Alessandro Corigliano, Irene Vitale, Roberta Tutino, Stefano Radellini, Francesco Cupido, Giuseppa Graceffa, Gianfranco Cocorullo, Giuseppe Salamone, Giuseppina Melfa
    Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prognosis of Patients with 1–4 cm Papillary Thyroid Cancer Who Underwent Lobectomy: Focus on Gross Extrathyroidal Extension Invading Only the Strap Muscles
    Ahreum Jang, Meihua Jin, Won Woong Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Tae-Yon Sung, Dong Eun Song, Tae Yong Kim, Ki-Wook Chung, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Yu-Mi Lee, Won Gu Kim
    Annals of Surgical Oncology.2022; 29(12): 7835.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Clinical Study
Gender-Dependent Reference Range of Serum Calcitonin Levels in Healthy Korean Adults
Eyun Song, Min Ji Jeon, Hye Jin Yoo, Sung Jin Bae, Tae Yong Kim, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Hong-Kyu Kim, Won Gu Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(2):365-373.   Published online April 7, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.939
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  • 166 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Serum calcitonin measurement contains various clinical and methodological aspects. Its reference level is wide and unclear despite sensitive calcitonin kits are available. This study aimed to identify the specific reference range in the healthy Korean adults.
Methods
Subjects were ≥20 years with available calcitonin (measured by a two-site immunoradiometric assay) data by a routine health checkup. Three groups were defined as all eligible subjects (group 1, n=10,566); subjects without self or family history of thyroid disease (group 2, n=5,152); and subjects without chronic kidney disease, autoimmune thyroid disease, medication of proton pump inhibitor/H2 blocker/steroid, or other malignancies (group 3, n=4,638).
Results
This study included 6,341 male and 4,225 female subjects. Males had higher mean calcitonin than females (2.3 pg/mL vs. 1.9 pg/mL, P<0.001) in group 1. This gender difference remained similar in groups 2 and 3. Calcitonin according to age or body mass index was not significant in both genders. Higher calcitonin in smoking than nonsmoking men was observed but not in women. Sixty-nine subjects had calcitonin higher than the upper reference limit (10 pg/mL) and 64 of them had factors associated with hypercalcitoninemia besides medullary thyroid cancer. Our study suggests the reference intervals for men who were non, ex-, current smokers, and women (irrespective of smoking status) as <5.7, <7.1, <7.9, and <3.6 pg/mL, respectively.
Conclusion
Specific calcitonin reference range should be provided considering for sex and smoking status. Taking account for several factors known to induce hypercalcitoninemia can help interpret the gray zone of moderately elevated calcitonin.

Citations

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  • Determinants of circulating calcitonin value: analysis of thyroid features, demographic data, anthropometric characteristics, comorbidities, medications, and smoking habits in a population with histological full exclusion of medullary thyroid carcinoma
    Pierpaolo Trimboli, Giuseppe Peloni, Dorotea Confalonieri, Elena Gamarra, Tommaso Piticchio, Francesco Frasca, Petra Makovac, Arnoldo Piccardo, Lorenzo Ruinelli
    Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Surgical treatment of solid variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: Fifteen-year experience of a tertiary center
    Katarina Tausanović, Marina Stojanović, Milan Jovanović, Boban Stepanović, Jovan Ilić, Sara Ivaniš, Vladan Živaljević
    Medicinska istrazivanja.2024; 57(1): 121.     CrossRef
  • Impact of dietary, lifestyle and sociodemographic factors on calcitonin levels in a healthy population
    Ivana Gunjača, Mirjana Babić Leko, Nikolina Pleić, Ante Jurić, Dubravka Brdar, Vesela Torlak, Marko Vuletić, Ante Punda, Ozren Polašek, Caroline Hayward, Tatijana Zemunik
    Bone.2024; 187: 117214.     CrossRef
  • Some genetic differences in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
    Hosam M. Ahmad, Zaki M. Zaki, Asmaa S. Mohamed, Amr E. Ahmed
    BMC Research Notes.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Presence or severity of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis does not influence basal calcitonin levels: observations from CROHT biobank
    M. Cvek, A. Punda, M. Brekalo, M. Plosnić, A. Barić, D. Kaličanin, L. Brčić, M. Vuletić, I. Gunjača, V. Torlak Lovrić, V. Škrabić, V. Boraska Perica
    Journal of Endocrinological Investigation.2022; 45(3): 597.     CrossRef
  • Environmental Factors That Affect Parathyroid Hormone and Calcitonin Levels
    Mirjana Babić Leko, Nikolina Pleić, Ivana Gunjača, Tatijana Zemunik
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 23(1): 44.     CrossRef
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Image of Interest
Thyroid
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma with Initial Ultrasonography Features Mimicking Subacute Thyroiditis
Meihua Jin, Tae Yong Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(1):201-202.   Published online February 24, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.884
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  • Ibuprofen inhibits anaplastic thyroid cells in vivo and in vitro by triggering NLRP3-ASC-GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis
    Haohao Guo, Runsheng Ma, Yifei Zhang, Keyu Yin, Gongbo Du, Fanxiang Yin, Hongqiang Li, Ziyang Wang, Detao Yin
    Inflammopharmacology.2024; 32(1): 733.     CrossRef
  • The Old and the New in Subacute Thyroiditis: An Integrative Review
    Nicola Lanzo, Bohdan Patera, Gaia Fazzino, Daniela Gallo, Adriana Lai, Eliana Piantanida, Silvia Ippolito, Maria Tanda
    Endocrines.2022; 3(3): 391.     CrossRef
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Original Articles
Clinical Study
Clinical Outcomes after Early and Delayed Radioiodine Remnant Ablation in Patients with Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Jonghwa Ahn, Meihua Jin, Eyun Song, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Jin-Sook Ryu, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Ji Min Han, Won Gu Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(4):830-837.   Published online November 18, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.747
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  • 7 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
The clinical outcomes of delayed radioiodine remnant ablation (RRA) therapy in patients with low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are unclear. We aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of the interval between total thyroidectomy (TT) and RRA therapy in patients with low-risk PTC.
Methods
We included 526 patients who underwent TT and RRA for low-risk PTC with a primary tumor size of >1 cm between 2000 and 2012. Patients were divided into the early (<90 days) and the delayed (≥90 days) RRA groups based on the interval between TT and RRA. The results of diagnostic whole-body scan (DxWBS), ongoing risk stratification (ORS; response to therapy), and disease-free survival (DFS) were evaluated before and after propensity score matching (PSM).
Results
Among the 526 patients, 75 (14.3%) patients underwent delayed RRA; they had more cervical lymph node metastasis and received a higher RRA dose than those who underwent early RRA. The median follow-up period was 9.1 years after initial therapy, and the structural recurrence rate was 1.9%. In DxWBS, 60 patients had focal iodine uptake limited in operative bed, with no significant difference between groups. According to ORS, 78%, 20%, 1%, and 1% patients were classified into excellent, indeterminate, biochemical incomplete, and structural incomplete response groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in ORS or DFS between groups before and after PSM.
Conclusion
The timing of the first RRA had no clinical impact in patients with low-risk PTC. Thus, the clinical decision for RRA can be determined >3 months after TT considering other prognostic factors.

Citations

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  • Dynamic risk assessment in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
    Erika Abelleira, Fernando Jerkovich
    Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders.2024; 25(1): 79.     CrossRef
  • Ablation Rates and Long-Term Outcome Following Low-Dose Radioiodine for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in the West of Scotland: A Retrospective Analysis
    Kathryn Graham, Fay Tough, Helena Belikova, Irene Wotherspoon, David Colville, Nicholas Reed
    Endocrine Practice.2024; 30(4): 327.     CrossRef
  • Radioiodine ablation after thyroidectomy could be safely abandoned or postponed in selected stage I papillary thyroid carcinoma patients of low-risk group: an observational prospective study
    S.M. Cherenko, A.Yu. Glagolieva, D.E. Makhmudov
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine).2024; 20(1): 7.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of delayed initial radioactive iodine therapy and clinical outcomes in papillary thyroid cancer: a two-center retrospective study
    Tao He, Ming Li, Zheng-lian Gao, Xiang-yu Li, Hai-rong Zhong, Cui-shuang Ding, Hua-wei Cai
    Nuclear Medicine Communications.2024; 45(9): 779.     CrossRef
  • Advances in the selection and timing of postoperative radioiodine treatment in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma
    Xin Dai, Xinyi Ren, Jinyu Zhang, Yuxin Zheng, Zhengjie Wang, Gang Cheng
    Annals of Nuclear Medicine.2024; 38(9): 688.     CrossRef
  • Comparative evaluation of low and high radioiodine doses in differentiated thyroid carcinoma management: A multicenter study
    M.B. Al-Osaimi, E.M. Abdelrazek, Ehab M. Attalla, Hosam Salaheldin
    Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences.2024; 17(4): 101206.     CrossRef
  • Patient Preparation and Radiation Protection Guidance for Adult Patients Undergoing Radioiodine Treatment for Thyroid Cancer in the UK
    J. Wadsley, N. Armstrong, V. Bassett-Smith, M. Beasley, R. Chandler, L. Cluny, A.J. Craig, K. Farnell, K. Garcez, N. Garnham, K. Graham, A. Hallam, S. Hill, H. Hobrough, F. McKiddie, M.W.J. Strachan
    Clinical Oncology.2023; 35(1): 42.     CrossRef
  • Delay of initial radioactive iodine therapy beyond 3 months has no effect on clinical responses and overall survival in patients with thyroid carcinoma: A cohort study and a meta‐analysis
    Fang Cheng, Juan Xiao, Fengyan Huang, Chunchun Shao, Shouluan Ding, Canhua Yun, Hongying Jia
    Cancer Medicine.2022; 11(12): 2386.     CrossRef
  • Delayed (>3 Months) Postoperative Radioactive Iodine Ablation Does Not Impact Clinical Response or Survival in Differentiated Thyroid Cancers
    Tatiana Fedorova, Lilah F. Morris-Wiseman
    Clinical Thyroidology.2022; 34(10): 456.     CrossRef
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Clinical Study
Clinical Implication of World Health Organization Classification in Patients with Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma in South Korea: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Meihua Jin, Eun Sook Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Hyon-Seung Yi, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Mijin Kim, Won Gu Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(3):618-627.   Published online September 22, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.742
  • 6,707 View
  • 131 Download
  • 9 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
The study aimed to compare the prognostic value of the 4th edition of World Health Organization classification (WHO-2017) with the previous WHO classification (WHO-2004) for follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC).
Methods
This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 318 patients with FTC from five tertiary centers who underwent thyroid surgery between 1996 and 2009. We evaluated the prognosis of patients with minimally invasive (MI), encapsulated angioinvasive (EA), and widely invasive (WI) FTC according to WHO-2017. Further, we evaluated the proportion of variation explained (PVE) and Harrell’s C-index to compare the predictability of disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS).
Results
In total, 227, 58, and 33 patients had MI-, EA-, and WI-FTC, respectively. During a median follow-up of 10.6 years, 46 (14.5%) patients had disease recurrence and 20 (6.3%) patients died from FTC. The 10-year DFS rates of patients with MI-, EA-, and WI-FTC were 91.1%, 78.2%, and 54.9%, respectively (P<0.001, PVE=7.1%, C-index=0.649). The corresponding 10-year DSS rates were 95.9%, 93.5%, and 73.5%, respectively (P<0.001, PVE=2.6%, C-index=0.624). The PVE and C-index values were higher using WHO-2017 than using WHO-2004 for the prediction of DFS, but not for DSS. In multivariate analysis, older age (P=0.02), gross extrathyroidal extension (ETE) (P=0.003), and distant metastasis (P<0.001) were independent risk factors for DSS.
Conclusion
WHO-2017 improves the predictability of DFS, but not DSS, in patients with FTC. Distant metastasis, gross ETE and older age (≥55 years) were independent risk factors for DSS.

Citations

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  • Association of Ultrasonography Features of Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma With Tumor Invasiveness and Prognosis Based on WHO Classification and TERT Promoter Mutation
    Myoung Kyoung Kim, Hyunju Park, Young Lyun Oh, Jung Hee Shin, Tae Hyuk Kim, Soo Yeon Hahn
    Korean Journal of Radiology.2024; 25(1): 103.     CrossRef
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    Genpeng Li, Ziyang Ye, Tao Wei, Jingqiang Zhu, Zhihui Li, Jianyong Lei
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    Cristina Basso, Alessandra Colapinto, Valentina Vicennati, Alessandra Gambineri, Carla Pelusi, Guido Di Dalmazi, Elisa Lodi Rizzini, Elena Tabacchi, Arber Golemi, Letizia Calderoni, Stefano Fanti, Uberto Pagotto, Andrea Repaci
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    Eun Kyung Lee, Young Shin Song, Ho-Cheol Kang, Sun Wook Kim, Dong Gyu Na, Shin Je Moon, Dong-Jun Lim, Kyong Yeun Jung, Yun Jae Chung, Chan Kwon Jung, Young Joo Park
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    David Leong, Anthony J. Gill, John Turchini, Michael Waller, Roderick Clifton‐Bligh, Anthony Glover, Mark Sywak, Stan Sidhu
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    Yasuhiro Ito, Takashi Akamizu
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    Ting Zhang, Liang He, Zhihong Wang, Wenwu Dong, Wei Sun, Ping Zhang, Hao Zhang
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    Hyunju Park, Hyeong Chan Shin, Heera Yang, Jung Heo, Chang-Seok Ki, Hye Seung Kim, Jung-Han Kim, Soo Yeon Hahn, Yun Jae Chung, Sun Wook Kim, Jae Hoon Chung, Young Lyun Oh, Tae Hyuk Kim
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    Johan O Paulsson, Nima Rafati, Sebastian DiLorenzo, Yi Chen, Felix Haglund, Jan Zedenius, C Christofer Juhlin
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2021; 106(11): 3265.     CrossRef
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    Meihua Jin, Eun Sook Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Yea Eun Kang, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Mijin Kim, Won Gu Kim
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Clinical Study
Clinical Outcomes of N1b Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patients Treated with Two Different Doses of Radioiodine Ablation Therapy
Meihua Jin, Jonghwa Ahn, Yu-Mi Lee, Tae-Yon Sung, Won Gu Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Jin-Sook Ryu, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Min Ji Jeon
Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(3):602-609.   Published online September 22, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.741
  • 6,464 View
  • 126 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
The optimal dose of radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for N1b papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is controversial. We evaluated the clinical outcome of N1b PTC patients treated with either 100 or 150 mCi of RAI.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed N1b PTC patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and postoperative RAI therapy at a tertiary referral center between 2012 and 2017. As the baseline characteristics differed between treatment groups, we performed exact matching for various pathological factors according to RAI dose. We evaluated the response to therapy and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in the matched patients. Structural recurrent/persistent disease was defined as new structural disease detected after initial therapy, which was confirmed by cytology or pathology.
Results
Of the total 436 patients, 37 (8.5%) received 100 mCi of RAI and 399 (91.5%) received 150 mCi of RAI. After an exact 1:3 matching, 34 patients in the 100 mCi group and 100 patients in the 150 mCi group remained. There was no significant difference in response to therapy between the groups in the matched population (P=0.63). An excellent response was achieved in 70.6% (n=24) of patients in the 100 mCi group and 76.0% (n=76) in the 150 mCi group. Two (5.9%) patients in the 100 mCi group and four (4.0%) in the 150 mCi group had recurrence and there was no significant difference in RFS between the groups in the matched population (P=0.351).
Conclusion
There were no differences in response to therapy and RFS in N1b PTC patients according to RAI dose.

Citations

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  • Radioactive iodine therapy dose impact on recurrence and survival in N1 papillary thyroid cancer
    Elizabeth E. Odil, Katelyn R. Ward, Ryan T. Davis, Jordan M. Reilly, Fionna Sun, Heba Elassar, Morta Lapkus, Jacquelyn Pastewski, Diane M. Studzinski, Rose E. Callahan, Peter F. Czako, Sapna Nagar
    Nuclear Medicine Communications.2025; 46(2): 113.     CrossRef
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    David Toro-Tobon, Juan P. Brito
    Endocrine Practice.2024; 30(9): 879.     CrossRef
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    Daniël J. van de Berg, Pedro M. Rodriguez Schaap, Faridi S. Jamaludin, Hanneke M. van Santen, Sarah C. Clement, Menno R. Vriens, A. S Paul van Trotsenburg, Christiaan F. Mooij, Eveline Bruinstroop, Schelto Kruijff, Robin P. Peeters, Frederik A. Verburg, R
    Thyroid®.2024; 34(11): 1324.     CrossRef
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Clinical Study
Vandetanib for the Management of Advanced Medullary Thyroid Cancer: A Real-World Multicenter Experience
Mijin Kim, Jee Hee Yoon, Jonghwa Ahn, Min Ji Jeon, Hee Kyung Kim, Dong Jun Lim, Ho-Cheol Kang, In Joo Kim, Young Kee Shong, Tae Yong Kim, Bo Hyun Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(3):587-594.   Published online September 22, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.687
  • 6,935 View
  • 159 Download
  • 16 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
Vandetanib is the most widely used tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of patients with advanced medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). However, only limited data regarding its use outside clinical trials are available. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vandetanib in patients with advanced MTC in routine clinical practice.
Methods
In this multicenter retrospective study, 12 patients with locally advanced or metastatic MTC treated with vandetanib at four tertiary hospitals were included. The primary outcome was the objective response rate (ORR) based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. The progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicities were also evaluated.
Results
Eleven patients (92%) had distant metastasis and 10 (83%) had disease progression at enrollment. Partial response was observed in five patients (ORR, 42%) and stable disease lasting ≥24 weeks was reported in an additional five patients (83%). During the median 31.7 months of follow-up, disease progression was seen in five patients (42%); of these, two died due to disease progression. The median PFS was 25.9 months, while the median OS was not reached. All patients experienced adverse events (AEs) which were generally consistent with the known safety profile of vandetanib. Vandetanib was discontinued in two patients due to skin toxicity.
Conclusion
Consistent with the phase III trial, this study confirmed the efficacy of vandetanib for advanced MTC in terms of both ORR and PFS in the real-world setting. Vandetanib was well tolerated in the majority of patients, and there were no fatal AEs.

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