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Adrenal gland
Big Data Articles (National Health Insurance Service Database)
Mortality and Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Patients with Long-Term Glucocorticoid Therapy: A Korean Nationwide Cohort Study
Eu Jeong Ku, Keeho Song, Kyoung Min Kim, Gi Hyeon Seo, Soon Jib Yoo
Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(2):253-259.   Published online March 21, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1607
  • 2,402 View
  • 99 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among patients with long-term glucocorticoid treatment (LTGT) has not been established. We aimed to evaluate the association between LTGT and COVID-19 prognosis.
Methods
A Korean nationwide cohort database of COVID-19 patients between January 2019 and September 2021 was used. LTGT was defined as exposure to at least 150 mg of prednisolone (≥5 mg/day and ≥30 days) or equivalent glucocorticoids 180 days before COVID-19 infection. The outcome measurements were mortality, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of stay, and mechanical ventilation.
Results
Among confirmed patients with COVID-19, the LTGT group (n=12,794) was older and had a higher proportion of comorbidities than the control (n=359,013). The LTGT group showed higher in-hospital, 30-day, and 90-day mortality rates than the control (14.0% vs. 2.3%, 5.9% vs. 1.1%, and 9.9% vs. 1.8%, respectively; all P<0.001). Except for the hospitalization rate, the length of stay, ICU admission, and mechanical ventilation proportions were significantly higher in the LTGT group than in the control (all P<0.001). Overall mortality was higher in the LTGT group than in the control group, and the significance remained in the fully adjusted model (odds ratio [OR], 5.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.31 to 6.23) (adjusted OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.67 to 2.00). The LTGT group showed a higher mortality rate than the control within the same comorbidity score category.
Conclusion
Long-term exposure to glucocorticoids increased the mortality and severity of COVID-19. Prevention and early proactive measures are inevitable in the high-risk LTGT group with many comorbidities.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Glucocorticoids as a Double-Edged Sword in the Treatment of COVID-19: Mortality and Severity of COVID-19 in Patients Receiving Long-Term Glucocorticoid Therapy
    Eun-Hee Cho
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(2): 223.     CrossRef
  • Pituitary Diseases and COVID-19 Outcomes in South Korea: A Nationwide Cohort Study
    Jeonghoon Ha, Kyoung Min Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Keeho Song, Gi Hyeon Seo
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(14): 4799.     CrossRef
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Adrenal Gland
Big Data Articles (National Health Insurance Service Database)
Epidemiology and Long-Term Adverse Outcomes in Korean Patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Nationwide Study
Jung Hee Kim, Sunkyu Choi, Young Ah Lee, Juneyoung Lee, Sin Gon Kim
Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(1):138-147.   Published online February 28, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1328
  • 3,228 View
  • 143 Download
  • 8 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
Previous studies on the epidemiology and complications of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) were conducted in Western countries and in children/adolescents. We aimed to explore the epidemiology of CAH, as well as the risk of comorbidities and mortality, in a Korean nationwide case-control study.
Methods
CAH patients (n=2,840) were included between 2002 and 2017 from the National Health Insurance Service database and the Rare Intractable Disease program. CAH patients were compared, at a 1:10 ratio, with age-, sex-, and index year-matched controls (n=28,400).
Results
The point prevalence of CAH patients in Korea was 1 in 18,745 persons in 2017. The annual incidence rate declined between 2003 and 2017 from 3.25 to 0.41 per 100,000 persons. CAH patients were at elevated risk for cardiovascular disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4 to 1.9), stroke (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.0), diabetes mellitus (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 2.6 to 3.1), dyslipidemia (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 2.2 to 2.6), and psychiatric disorders (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3 to 1.6). Fracture risk increased in CAH patients aged over 40 years (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.7). CAH patients were at higher risk of mortality than controls (hazard ratio, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.0).
Conclusion
Our nationwide study showed a recent decline in the incidence of CAH and an elevated risk for cardiovascular, metabolic, skeletal, and psychiatric disorders in CAH patients. Lifelong management for comorbidity risk is a crucial component of treating CAH patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Predictors of Cardiovascular Morbidities in Adults With 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
    Suranut Charoensri, Richard J Auchus
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 109(3): e1133.     CrossRef
  • Анализ распространенности и заболеваемости надпочечниковой недостаточностью в мире
    М. Ю. Юкина, Н. Ф. Нуралиева, Е. А. Трошина
    Ateroscleroz.2023; 18(4): 426.     CrossRef
  • Big Data Research in the Field of Endocrine Diseases Using the Korean National Health Information Database
    Sun Wook Cho, Jung Hee Kim, Han Seok Choi, Hwa Young Ahn, Mee Kyoung Kim, Eun Jung Rhee
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(1): 10.     CrossRef
  • Long-term cardiometabolic morbidity in young adults with classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    Beatrice Righi, Salma R. Ali, Jillian Bryce, Jeremy W. Tomlinson, Walter Bonfig, Federico Baronio, Eduardo C. Costa, Guilherme Guaragna-Filho, Guy T’Sjoen, Martine Cools, Renata Markosyan, Tania A. S. S. Bachega, Mirela C. Miranda, Violeta Iotova, Henrik
    Endocrine.2023; 80(3): 630.     CrossRef
  • Serum steroid profile captures metabolic phenotypes in adults with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    Chang Ho Ahn, Jaeyoon Shim, Han Na Jang, Young Ah Lee, Sang-Won Lee, Man Ho Choi, Jung Hee Kim
    The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.2023; 234: 106374.     CrossRef
  • Long‐term health consequences of congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    Riccardo Pofi, Xiaochen Ji, Nils P. Krone, Jeremy W. Tomlinson
    Clinical Endocrinology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Hyperandrogenism and Cardiometabolic Risk in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women—What Is the Evidence?
    Angelica Lindén Hirschberg
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Multiplexed Serum Steroid Profiling Reveals Metabolic Signatures of Subtypes in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
    Jaeyoon Shim, Chang Ho Ahn, Seung Shin Park, Jongsung Noh, Chaelin Lee, Sang Won Lee, Jung Hee Kim, Man Ho Choi
    Journal of the Endocrine Society.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Long-Term Outcomes of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
    Anna Nordenström, Svetlana Lajic, Henrik Falhammar
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(4): 587.     CrossRef
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Clinical Study
Characteristics of Immune-Related Thyroid Adverse Events in Patients Treated with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors
Jee Hee Yoon, A Ram Hong, Hee Kyung Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(2):413-423.   Published online April 6, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.906
  • 5,420 View
  • 215 Download
  • 20 Web of Science
  • 22 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Thyroid immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) have been reported in patients treated with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death protein-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors. We investigated the incidence and clinical course of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced thyroid IRAEs, and identified predictable clinical risk factors of thyroid IRAEs, in particular, overt hypothyroidism (OH).
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 325 cancer patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor in a tertiary referral center.
Results
A total of 50.5% (164/325) of patients experienced at least one abnormal thyroid function following PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor. Eighty-four patients (51.2%) of them recovered to normal thyroid function during follow-up. In overall population, 25 patients (7.7%) required thyroid hormone replacement therapy due to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced OH. Patients who progressed to OH showed significantly higher baseline thyroid stimulating hormone level and longer duration of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy than those without thyroid dysfunction or OH (both P<0.001). Median time interval to the development of OH was 3 months after the therapy. OH was significantly associated with positive anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody at baseline and anti-thyroglobulin antibody during the therapy than those without thyroid dysfunction or OH (P=0.015 and P=0.005, respectively). We observed no patients with OH who were able to stop levothyroxine replacement after the cessation of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy.
Conclusion
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced thyroid dysfunctions are considerably reversible; however, OH is irreversible requiring levothyroxine replacement even after stopping the therapy. Positive thyroid autoantibodies may predict the progression to OH.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Thyroid Dysfunction after Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab Is Associated with Favorable Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    Young Shin Song, Hannah Yang, Beodeul Kang, Jaekyung Cheon, Ilhwan Kim, Hyeyeong Kim, Won Suk Lee, Yun Beom Sang, Sanghoon Jung, Ho Yeong Lim, Vincent E. Gaillard, Chan Kim, Hong Jae Chon
    Liver Cancer.2024; 13(1): 89.     CrossRef
  • Thyroid dysfunction (TD) induced by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in advanced lung cancer
    Yanling Wang, Xiaoxuan Yang, Jia Ma, Shenglan Chen, Ping Gong, Ping Dai
    Heliyon.2024; 10(5): e27077.     CrossRef
  • Non-Invasive Predictive Biomarkers for Immune-Related Adverse Events Due to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
    Ben Ponvilawan, Abdul Wali Khan, Janakiraman Subramanian, Dhruv Bansal
    Cancers.2024; 16(6): 1225.     CrossRef
  • Implication of the Gut Microbiome and Microbial-Derived Metabolites in Immune-Related Adverse Events: Emergence of Novel Biomarkers for Cancer Immunotherapy
    David Dora, Syeda Mahak Zahra Bokhari, Kenan Aloss, Peter Takacs, Juliane Zsuzsanna Desnoix, György Szklenárik, Patrick Deniz Hurley, Zoltan Lohinai
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(3): 2769.     CrossRef
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated toxicity in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: An updated understanding of risk factors
    Xiangxiao Hu, Lina Wang, Bin Shang, Junren Wang, Jian Sun, Bin Liang, Lili Su, Wenjie You, Shujuan Jiang
    Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Immune-related adverse events induced by programmed death protein-1 inhibitors from the perspective of lymphoma immunotherapy
    Yong-Zhe Hou, Qin Zhang, Hai Bai, Tao Wu, Ya-Jie Chen
    World Journal of Clinical Cases.2023; 11(7): 1458.     CrossRef
  • Predictive Biomarkers for Checkpoint Inhibitor Immune-Related Adverse Events
    Iñigo Les, Mireia Martínez, Inés Pérez-Francisco, María Cabero, Lucía Teijeira, Virginia Arrazubi, Nuria Torrego, Ana Campillo-Calatayud, Iñaki Elejalde, Grazyna Kochan, David Escors
    Cancers.2023; 15(5): 1629.     CrossRef
  • Immune-related thyroid dysfunctions during anti PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: new evidence from a single centre experience
    Alice Nervo, Matteo Ferrari, Giovanni Gruosso, Enrica Migliore, Sara Basile, Valentina D’Angelo, Anna Roux, Alessandro Piovesan, Emanuela Arvat
    Clinical and Experimental Medicine.2023; 23(8): 4817.     CrossRef
  • RNA Sequencing Reveals Unique Transcriptomic Signatures of the Thyroid in a Murine Lung Cancer Model Treated with PD-1 and PD-L1 Antibodies
    Rena Pollack, Joshua Stokar, Natan Lishinsky, Irina Gurt, Naomi Kaisar-Iluz, Merav E. Shaul, Zvi G. Fridlender, Rivka Dresner-Pollak
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(13): 10526.     CrossRef
  • Immune‐related adverse events after immune check point inhibitors: Understanding the intersection with autoimmunity
    Namrata Singh, Anne M. Hocking, Jane H. Buckner
    Immunological Reviews.2023; 318(1): 81.     CrossRef
  • Endocrine Side Effects in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Narrative Review
    Nicia I. Profili, Roberto Castelli, Antonio Gidaro, Alessandro Merella, Roberto Manetti, Giuseppe Palmieri, Margherita Maioli, Alessandro P. Delitala
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(15): 5161.     CrossRef
  • Incidence of Endocrine-Related Dysfunction in Patients Treated with New Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Meta-Analysis and Comprehensive Review
    Won Sang Yoo, Eu Jeong Ku, Eun Kyung Lee, Hwa Young Ahn
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(6): 750.     CrossRef
  • PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Patients With Preexisting Autoimmune Diseases
    Ke Zhang, Xiangyi Kong, Yuan Li, Zhongzhao Wang, Lin Zhang, Lixue Xuan
    Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between the type of thyroid dysfunction induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors and prognosis in cancer patients
    Han-sang Baek, Chaiho Jeong, Kabsoo Shin, Jaejun Lee, Heysun Suh, Dong-Jun Lim, Moo Il Kang, Jeonghoon Ha
    BMC Endocrine Disorders.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Successful Case of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab with Multisystem Immune-related Adverse Events
    Hidemi Hayashi, Koji Sawada, Takumu Hasebe, Shunsuke Nakajima, Jun Sawada, Yuri Takiyama, Yumi Takiyama, Toshikatsu Okumura, Mikihiro Fujiya
    Internal Medicine.2022; 61(23): 3497.     CrossRef
  • Immune Related Adverse Events of the Thyroid – A Narrative Review
    Christopher A. Muir, Venessa H. M. Tsang, Alexander M. Menzies, Roderick J. Clifton-Bligh
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Thyroid-related adverse events induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors
    Alexandra Chera, Andreea Lucia Stancu, Octavian Bucur
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors and Biomarkers for Immune-Related Adverse Events: A Practical Guide to Identifying High-Risk Patients and Rechallenging Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
    Adithya Chennamadhavuni, Laith Abushahin, Ning Jin, Carolyn J. Presley, Ashish Manne
    Frontiers in Immunology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Case 5: A 41-Year-Old Woman With Palpitation
    Jiwon Yang, Kabsoo Shin, Jeongmin Lee, Jeonghoon Ha, Dong-Jun Lim, Han-Sang Baek
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Endocrine Disorders: A Position Statement from the Korean Endocrine Society
    Hyemi Kwon, Eun Roh, Chang Ho Ahn, Hee Kyung Kim, Cheol Ryong Ku, Kyong Yeun Jung, Ju Hee Lee, Eun Heui Kim, Sunghwan Suh, Sangmo Hong, Jeonghoon Ha, Jun Sung Moon, Jin Hwa Kim, Mi-kyung Kim
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(6): 839.     CrossRef
  • Management of Endocrine and Metabolic Toxicities of Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors: From Clinical Studies to a Real-Life Scenario
    Calogera Claudia Spagnolo, Giuseppe Giuffrida, Salvatore Cannavò, Tindara Franchina, Nicola Silvestris, Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri, Mariacarmela Santarpia
    Cancers.2022; 15(1): 246.     CrossRef
  • Antineoplastics

    Reactions Weekly.2021; 1874(1): 31.     CrossRef
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