Endocrinology and Metabolism

Original Articles

Thyroid
Prognostic Roles of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Radioiodine-Refractory Thyroid Cancer Treated with Lenvatinib: Chae A Kim, Mijin Kim, Meihua Jin, Hee Kyung Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Dong Jun Lim, Bo Hyun Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Won Bae Kim, Dong Yeob Shin, Won Gu Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(2):334-343. Published online April 4, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1854

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Background
Inflammatory biomarkers, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), serve as valuable prognostic indicators in various cancers. This multicenter, retrospective cohort study assessed the treatment outcomes of lenvatinib in 71 patients with radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory thyroid cancer, considering the baseline inflammatory biomarkers.
Methods
This study retrospectively included patients from five tertiary hospitals in Korea whose complete blood counts were available before lenvatinib treatment. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated based on the median value of inflammatory biomarkers.
Results
No significant differences in baseline characteristics were observed among patients grouped according to the inflammatory biomarkers, except for older patients with a higher-than-median NLR (≥2) compared to their counterparts with a lower NLR (P= 0.01). Patients with a higher-than-median NLR had significantly shorter PFS (P=0.02) and OS (P=0.017) than those with a lower NLR. In multivariate analysis, a higher-than-median NLR was significantly associated with poor OS (hazard ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.24 to 7.29; P=0.015). However, neither the LMR nor the PLR was associated with PFS. A higher-than-median LMR (≥3.9) was significantly associated with prolonged OS compared to a lower LMR (P=0.036). In contrast, a higher-than-median PLR (≥142.1) was associated with shorter OS compared to a lower PLR (P=0.039).
Conclusion
Baseline inflammatory biomarkers can serve as predictive indicators of PFS and OS in patients with RAI-refractory thyroid cancer treated with lenvatinib.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Development and validation of a prognostic model for first-line immunotherapy for metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Loulu Gao, Jieqiong Peng, Zixuan Hu, Xiangxue Li, Siyi Zhang, Xiaoxuan Li, Ziheng Zhang, Jing Lv, Jialin Song, Wensheng Qiu
International Immunopharmacology.2026; 168: 115813. CrossRef
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Chenghui Lu, Guoqiang Wang, Zengmei Si, Fengqi Li, Xinfeng Liu, Na Han, Congcong Wang, Jiao Li, Xufu Wang
Journal of the Endocrine Society.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Liya Zhu, Xiuli Jing, Byeong-Cheol Ahn
Oral Oncology.2025; 168: 107513. CrossRef
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Endocrine.2025; 90(3): 1380. CrossRef

Clinical Study
Mechanisms of the Impact of Hashimoto Thyroiditis on Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Progression: Relationship with the Tumor Immune Microenvironment: Oksana Sulaieva, Olena Chernenko, Oleksiy Selesnov, Oleksandr Nechay, Oleksandr Maievskyi, Tetyana Falalyeyeva, Nazarii Kobyliak, Olena Tsyryuk, Yurii Penchuk, Dmytro Shapochka; Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(2):443-455. Published online June 24, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.35.2.443

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Background
The relationship between Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains uncertain. We assessed the impact of HT on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in PTC.
Methods
Thirty patients with PTC (group 1) and 30 patients with PTC and HT (group 2) were enrolled in this pilot study. The distribution and number of CD8+ lymphocytes, plasma cells (CD138+), regulatory T cells (forkhead box P3 [FOXP3+)], mast cell tryptase (MCT+), and M2 macrophages (CD163+) were evaluated. To test the hypothesis that HT impacts PTC development via signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) activation and M2 macrophage polarization, we investigated STAT6 expression in tumor and stromal cells. We also evaluated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression by lymph node metastasis (LNM) status.
Results
TIME showed significant between-group differences. Group 1 patients demonstrated immune desert or immune-excluded immunophenotypes, while an inflamed phenotype with more CD8+ cells (P<0.001) predominated in group 2. Immune-excluded TIME was associated with the highest LNM rate. In PTC, LNM was associated with more numerous CD163+ cells. Moreover, LNM in group 1 was associated with increased numbers of mast cells peritumorally and FOXP3+ cells intratumorally and peritumorally. Group 2 demonstrated higher STAT6 but not higher VEGF expression in tumor cells. High VEGF expression was associated with LNM regardless of HT status.
Conclusion
Concomitant HT impacted PTC signaling via STAT6 and TIME by increasing the number of CD8+ cells. LNM is associated with increases in CD163+ cells and VEGF expression in PTC, whereas HT affected LNM through different mechanisms.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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