Endocrinology and Metabolism

Original Article

Calcium & bone metabolism
Characteristics Associated with Bone Loss after Spinal Cord Injury: Implications for Hip Region Vulnerability: Sora Han, Sungjae Shin, Onyoo Kim, Namki Hong; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(5):578-587. Published online October 10, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1795

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
In individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), bone loss progresses rapidly to the area below the level of injury, leading to an increased risk of fracture. However, there are limited data regarding SCI-relevant characteristics for bone loss and the degree of bone loss in individuals with SCI compared with that in non-SCI community-dwelling adults.
Methods
Data from men with SCI who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the National Rehabilitation Center (2008 to 2020) between 12 and 36 months after injury were collected and analyzed. Community-dwelling men were matched 1:1 for age, height, and weight as the control group, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2008 to 2011).
Results
A comparison of the SCI and the matched control group revealed significantly lower hip region T-scores in the SCI group, whereas the lumbar spine T-score did not differ between groups. Among the 113 men with SCI, the paraplegia group exhibited significantly higher Z-scores of the hip region than the tetraplegia group. Participants with motor-incomplete SCI showed relatively preserved Z-scores of the hip region compared to those of the lumbar region. Moreover, in participants with SCI, the percentage of skeletal muscle displayed a moderate positive correlation with femoral neck Z-scores.
Conclusion
Men with SCI exhibited significantly lower bone mineral density of the hip region than community-dwelling men. Paraplegia rather than tetraplegia, and motor incompleteness rather than motor completeness were protective factors in the hip region. Caution for loss of skeletal muscle mass or increased adiposity is also required.

Case Reports

A Case of Ectopic Thyroid Tissue Diagnosed by Fine Needle Aspiration in the Lateral Neck.: Kyung Nam Lee, Sang Mi Kim, Jin Hee Choi, Kwang Duck Ryu, Bo Won Kim, Min Ji Shin, Bo Hyun Kim, In Ju Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2012;27(3):217-221. Published online September 19, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2012.27.3.217

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2 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Ectopic thyroid glands generally occur in the midline as a result of abnormal median migration and their presence in lateral to the midline is rare. Embryologically, the thyroid gland is derived from two anlages: a large median endodermal anlage and two lateral anlages. The median anlage produces most of the thyroid parenchyma, whereas the lateral anlage is derived from the fourth pharyngeal pouch and contributes 1-30% of the thyroid weight. In rare cases, failure of the lateral anlage to fuse with the median anlage can result in lateral ectopic thyroid gland. For many years, lateral, aberrant thyroid tissue in adults was a term used almost exclusively for metastatic thyroid carcinoma. However, aberrant, benign ectopic thyroid tissue rarely occurs. We present a 47-year-old man who had incidentally detected mass on the right lateral neck. He was clinically in a euthyroid status and the thyroid function test results were normal as well. Neck ultrasonography revealed a mild diffuse goiter and a 1.22 x 0.65 cm sized ovoid mass like lesion was located in the right level IV of the neck. The result of fine needle aspiration cytology was adenomatous goiter without lymphoid tissue or any malignancy. We rarely report aberrant, benign ectopic thyroid presence as a lateral neck mass.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Ectopic Thyroid Mimicking Lymph Node Metastasis of Thyroid Cancer
Min Young Cho, Dong Young Kim
Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.2023; 66(6): 417. CrossRef
A Case of Lateral Ectopic Thyroid Mimicking the Metastatic Lymphadenopathy
Seung Ho Kim, Jung Heob Sohn, Jung Yeon Kim
Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.2019; 62(10): 588. CrossRef

2 Cases of Peripheral Nerve Tumors of Anterior Neck Simulating Thyroid Nodule.: Sung Kil Lim, Young Duk Song, Hyun Chul Lee, Kap Bum Huh, Kyung Rae Kim, Soo Yeon Nam, Byung Ki Choi, Sang Soo Chung, Kyung Wook Kim, So Rae Choi; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1998;13(4):640-645. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: Peripheral nerve tumors are mostly benign and can arise on any nerve trunk or twig. Although peripheral nerve tumors can occur anywhere in the body, including the spinal roots and cauda equina, many cases are subcutaneous in location and present as a soft swelling, sometimes with a purplish discoloration of skin. There are two major catagories, schwannoma(neurilemmoma), and neurofibroma. Schwannomas are usually solitary and grow in the nerve sheath, rendering them relatively easy to dissect free. In contrast, neurofibromas tend to be multiple, grow in the endoneural substance, which renders them difficult to dissect, may undergo malignant changes, and are the hallmark of von Recklinghausens neurofibromatosis. Masses in the anterior part of neck may be initially thought to be thyroid nodule and then other cervical masses should be considered. The diagnosis rests on clinical suspicion and diagnostic support may be obtained by CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and substraction angiography in the literature. After imaging, fine needle aspiration for cytology may be helpful. If they are resected unrecognized and/or without regard to their nerve origin, major and permanent nerve defects can unnecessarily occur. We experienced 2 cases of peripheral nerve tumors of anterior neck simulating a thyroid nodule.

A Case of Methimazole Induced Agranulocytosis Complicated with Deep Neck Abscess.: Kwan Woo Lee, Sung Kyu Lee, Yun Suk Chung, Hyun Man Kim, Yoon Jung Kim, Eun Kyung Hong, Bong Nam Chae, Jin Ho Lee, Chang Young Ha, Joon Sung Park; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1998;13(4):617-621. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: The thiourea derivatives, propylthiouracil and methimazole are in widespread use for the treatment of hyperthyroidism. The untoward side effects of these drugs are not infrequent and agranulocytosis is the most serious side effect them. We observed one case of methimazole induced agranulocytosis complicated by deep neck abscess. A 54-year-old woman was admitted because of fever, chilling and sore throat for 1 week. The symptom was developed after receiving methimazole 30mg daily day due to hyperthyroidism during last 3 months. Physical examination revealed hyperemic, enlarged tonsils and tender swelling of the right lower neck The peripheral blood total leukoeyte count was 1,500/mm' (absolute neutrophil count, ANC 9) and a peripheral blood smear revealed few neutrophil. The patient was administered G-CSF 2 mg/kg daily, and on the fifth day of hospitalization, fever subsided and ANC increased to 3,431. On the 11th day, fever developed again and the tenderness and swelling in both lower neck area were aggrevated. Computed tomography of the neck was performed, and revealed a large deep neck abscess. After pus aspiration and antibiotics therapy, the neck abscess was disappeared.

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