Endocrinology and Metabolism

Brief Report

Thyroid
Treatment Patterns and Preferences for Graves’ Disease in Korea: Insights from a Nationwide Cohort Study: Kyeong Jin Kim, Jimi Choi, Soo Myoung Shin, Jung A Kim, Kyoung Jin Kim, Sin Gon Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(4):659-663. Published online August 5, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2042

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Treatment patterns and preferences for patients with Graves’ disease (GD) vary across countries. In this study, we assessed the initial therapies and subsequent treatment modalities employed for GD in real-world clinical practice in Korea. We analyzed 452,001 patients with GD from 2004 to 2020, obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Initial treatments included antithyroid drug (ATD) therapy (98% of cases), thyroidectomy (1.3%), and radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy (0.7%). The rates of initial treatment failure were 58.5% for ATDs, 21.3% for RAI, and 2.1% for thyroidectomy. Even among cases of ATD treatment failure or recurrence, the rates of RAI therapy remained low. Regarding initial treatment, the 5-year remission rate was 46.8% among patients administered ATDs versus 91.0% among recipients of RAI therapy; at 10 years, these rates were 59.2% and 94.0%, respectively. Our findings highlight a marked disparity in the use of RAI therapy in Korea compared to Western countries. Further research is required to understand the reasons for these differences in treatment patterns.

Review Articles

Mineral, Bone & Muscle
Treatment of Hypoparathyroidism by Re-Establishing the Effects of Parathyroid Hormone: Lars Rejnmark; Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(2):262-266. Published online April 4, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.1916

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The conventional treatment of hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) includes active vitamin D and calcium. Despite normalization of calcium levels, the conventional treatment is associated with fluctuations in calcium levels, hypercalciuria, renal impairment, and decreased quality of life (QoL). Replacement therapy with parathyroid hormone (PTH)(1-84) is an option in some countries. However, convincing beneficial effects have not been demonstrated, which may be due to the short duration of action of this treatment. Recently, palopegteriparatide (also known as TransCon PTH) has been marketed in Europe and is expected also to be approved in other countries. Palopegteriparatide is a prodrug with sustained release of PTH(1-34) designed to provide stable physiological PTH levels for 24 hours/day. A phase 3 study demonstrated maintenance of normocalcemia in patients with chronic HypoPT, with no need for conventional therapy. Furthermore, this treatment lowers urinary calcium and improves QoL. Another long-acting PTH analog with effects on the parathyroid hormone receptor (eneboparatide) is currently being tested in a phase 3 trial. Furthermore, the treatment of autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 1 with a calcilytic (encaleret) is also being tested. All in all, improved treatment options are on the way that will likely take the treatment of HypoPT to the next level.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Hypoparathyroidism: diagnosis, management and emerging therapies
Sarah Khan, Aliya A. Khan
Nature Reviews Endocrinology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
2024 FDA TIDES (Peptides and Oligonucleotides) Harvest
Othman Al Musaimi, Danah AlShaer, Beatriz G. de la Torre, Fernando Albericio
Pharmaceuticals.2025; 18(3): 291. CrossRef
PTH Substitution Therapy for Chronic Hypoparathyroidism: PTH 1–84 and Palopegteriparatide
Andrea Palermo, Anda Mihaela Naciu, Yu Kwang Tay Donovan, Gaia Tabacco, Guido Zavatta
Current Osteoporosis Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
La gestione terapeutica dell’ipoparatiroidismo: tra terapia convenzionale e nuove prospettive
Giulia Del Sindaco, Giovanna Mantovani
L'Endocrinologo.2025; 26(2): 189. CrossRef
Advancements and Clinical Strategies in Parathyroid Transplantation: A Comprehensive Review
Sun Ae Hwang, Ik Jin Yun, Kyoung Sik Park
Journal of Endocrine Surgery.2025; 25(1): 1. CrossRef
Hypoparathyroidism update
Cherie Chiang
Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Potential of Calcilytics as a Novel Treatment for Post-Surgical Hypoparathyroidism
Han Seok Choi
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(3): 534. CrossRef
Gene expression and hormonal signaling in osteoporosis: from molecular mechanisms to clinical breakthroughs
Gurinderdeep Singh, Ronald Darwin, Krishna Chandra Panda, Shaikh Amir Afzal, Shashwat Katiyar, Ram C. Dhakar, Sangeetha Mani
Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition.2024; : 1. CrossRef

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Overcoming Therapeutic Inertia as the Achilles’ Heel for Improving Suboptimal Diabetes Care: An Integrative Review: Boon-How Chew, Barakatun-Nisak Mohd-Yusof, Pauline Siew Mei Lai, Kamlesh Khunti; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(1):34-42. Published online February 16, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1649

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The ultimate purpose of diabetes care is achieving the outcomes that patients regard as important throughout the life course. Despite advances in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, psychoeducational programs, information technologies, and digital health, the levels of treatment target achievement in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) have remained suboptimal. This clinical care of people with DM is highly challenging, complex, costly, and confounded for patients, physicians, and healthcare systems. One key underlying problem is clinical inertia in general and therapeutic inertia (TI) in particular. TI refers to healthcare providers’ failure to modify therapy appropriately when treatment goals are not met. TI therefore relates to the prescribing decisions made by healthcare professionals, such as doctors, nurses, and pharmacists. The known causes of TI include factors at the level of the physician (50%), patient (30%), and health system (20%). Although TI is often multifactorial, the literature suggests that 28% of strategies are targeted at multiple levels of causes, 38% at the patient level, 26% at the healthcare professional level, and only 8% at the healthcare system level. The most effective interventions against TI are shorter intervals until revisit appointments and empowering nurses, diabetes educators, and pharmacists to review treatments and modify prescriptions.

Citations

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Efficient and Effective Diabetes Care in the Era of Digitalization and Hypercompetitive Research Culture: A Focused Review in the Western Pacific Region with Malaysia as a Case Study
Boon-How Chew, Pauline Siew Mei Lai, Dhashani A/P Sivaratnam, Nurul Iftida Basri, Geeta Appannah, Barakatun Nisak Mohd Yusof, Subashini C. Thambiah, Zubaidah Nor Hanipah, Ping-Foo Wong, Li-Cheng Chang
Health Systems & Reform.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical control in COPD and therapeutic implications: The EPOCONSUL audit
Myriam Calle Rubio, Marc Miravitlles, Juan José Soler Cataluña, José Luis López-Campos, Bernardino Alcázar Navarrete, Manuel E. Fuentes Ferrer, Juan Luis Rodríguez Hermosa, Stelios Loukides
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Association between sex, age, temporal trends, and glycemic control of 221,769 adults with type 2 diabetes in a multi-ethnic middle-income Asian country
Swee Hung Ang, Lee-Ling Lim, Feisul Idzwan Mustapha, Eliana Ahmad, Sanjay Rampal
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2025; 220: 111976. CrossRef
3. BLOOD GLUCOSE-LOWERING THERAPIES – NON-INSULIN OPTIONS FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES
Stephen Colagiuri, Antonio Ceriello
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2025; : 112147. CrossRef
Obesity management from the perspectives of people living with obesity in Canada: A mixed‐methods study
David C. W. Lau, Ian Patton, Reena Lavji, Adel Belloum, Ginnie Ng, Renuca Modi
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2024; 26(4): 1529. CrossRef
Using continuous glucose monitoring to measure and improve quality metrics: Updates on the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set 2024 Glucose Management Indicator measure
Marissa Morris-Murray, Marie Frazzitta
Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy.2024; 30(10-b Suppl): S30. CrossRef
Bridging the gap in cardiovascular care in diabetic patients: are cardioprotective antihyperglycemic agents underutilized?
André J Scheen
Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology.2023; 16(11): 1053. CrossRef

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
State-of-the-Art Overview of the Pharmacological Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: Yongin Cho, Yong-ho Lee; Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(1):38-52. Published online February 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.102

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a subtype of NAFLD, can progress to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and death. Nevertheless, the current treatment for NAFLD/NASH is limited to lifestyle modifications, and no drugs are currently officially approved as treatments for NASH. Many global pharmaceutical companies are pursuing the development of medications for the treatment of NASH, and results from phase 2 and 3 clinical trials have been published in recent years. Here, we review data from these recent clinical trials and reports on the efficacy of newly developed antidiabetic drugs in NASH treatment.

Citations

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Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with cardiovascular disease and all cause death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: nationwide population based study
Kyung-Soo Kim, Sangmo Hong, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park
BMJ.2024; : e076388. CrossRef
Insulin Resistance, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Clinical and Experimental Perspective
Inha Jung, Dae-Jeong Koo, Won-Young Lee
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(3): 327. CrossRef
Mitochondrial Quality Control: Its Role in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)
Soyeon Shin, Jaeyoung Kim, Ju Yeon Lee, Jun Kim, Chang-Myung Oh
Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome.2023; 32(4): 289. CrossRef
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A nationwide propensity-score matched cohort study
Jinyoung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Bongsung Kim, Ki-Hyun Baek, Ki-Ho Song, Mee Kyoung Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2022; 194: 110187. CrossRef

Bone Metabolism
Update on Glucocorticoid Induced Osteoporosis: Soo-Kyung Cho, Yoon-Kyoung Sung; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(3):536-543. Published online June 1, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1021

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Glucocorticoids are used to treat many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, an adverse systemic effect is a deleterious effect on bone, which may lead to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, characterized by a rapid and transient increase in bone resorption and fracture risk, which may increase rapidly within 3 months of commencing oral glucocorticoids. Therefore, early risk assessment and intervention are crucial for preventing fractures in patients receiving glucocorticoids. Recent practice guidelines recommend an assessment for fracture risk in patients beginning or receiving glucocorticoids for more than 3 months, and they have suggested fracture risk assessment tool values for identifying patients who need preventive treatment. Bisphosphonates are currently the recommended first-line therapy for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. These have been shown to increase the bone mineral density in the spine and hip and to decrease the incidence of vertebral fractures. Recently, a more potent antiresorptive agent, denosumab, has been shown to increase the bone density in patients receiving glucocorticoids. Teriparatide has been shown to have a preventive effect on vertebral fractures, but not on nonvertebral fractures. In this article we aimed to provide an update on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis by focusing on the assessment of its risk and treatment options.

Citations

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Investigating the preventive effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in rats
Shuai Ding, Guangquan Zhang, Yanzheng Gao, Zhiqiang Hou, Fuqiang Shao
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Dual-target nanotherapy for vascular endothelium and bone mesenchymal stem cells halt steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head progression
Wenbo Yang, Qing Pan, Yizhong Peng, Yuxiang Hu, Yongzhi Cui, Zengwu Shao, Chunqing Meng, Hong Wang, Wei Huang
Journal of Controlled Release.2025; 380: 219. CrossRef
Denosumab in the Management of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: Long-Term Efficacy and Secondary Fracture Outcomes
Sian-Siang Liao, Ya-Lian Deng, Chiann-Yi Hsu, Hsu-Tung Lee, Chi-Ruei Li, Chi-Chan Yang
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Guía de práctica clínica para la prevención, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la osteoporosis inducida por glucocorticoides. Asociación Colombiana de Reumatología, 2023
Monique Chalem, Noemi Casas, Aura María Domínguez, Daniel Gerardo Fernández, Andrés González, Edwin Jáuregui, José Fernando Molina, Diana Nathalie Rincón, Carlos Enrique Toro-Gutiérrez, Francisco Juan Vargas Grajales, Susan Martínez, Linda Ibatá
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Clinical practice guideline for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Colombian Association of Rheumatology, 2023
Monique Chalem, Noemi Casas, Aura María Domínguez, Daniel Gerardo Fernández, Andrés González, Edwin Jáuregui, José Fernando Molina, Diana Nathalie Rincón, Carlos Enrique Toro-Gutiérrez, Francisco Juan Vargas Grajales, Susan Martínez, Linda Ibatá
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Exploring the Role of Hormones and Cytokines in Osteoporosis Development
Egemen Umur, Safiye Betül Bulut, Pelin Yiğit, Emirhan Bayrak, Yaren Arkan, Fahriye Arslan, Engin Baysoy, Gizem Kaleli-Can, Bugra Ayan
Biomedicines.2024; 12(8): 1830. CrossRef
Comparative performance analysis of large language models: ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4 and Google Gemini in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
Linjian Tong, Chaoyang Zhang, Rui Liu, Jia Yang, Zhiming Sun
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Antiosteoporosis and bone protective effect of alpinumisoflavone in steroid-induced osteoporosis rats via alteration of apoptosis, inflammatory and RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathway
Jie Lian, Jun-Long Qu, Guo-Wei Zhao, Xu-Biao Ji
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine.2024; 14(10): 436. CrossRef
Mechanism of MiR-145a-3p/Runx2 pathway in dexamethasone impairment of MC3T3-E1 osteogenic capacity in mice
Hang Wu, Xinghua Liao, Tingrui Wu, Bin Xie, Sicheng Ding, Yiren Chen, Lijun Song, Bo Wei, Gary S. Stein
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Protective role of 3-oxypyridine derivatives in rats’ steroid-induced osteoporosis associated with reduced oxidative stress and recovery of nitric oxide formation
A. P. Danilenko, K. S. Trunov, M. V. Pokrovsky, L. M. Danilenko, M. V. Korokin, O. S. Gudyrev, A. A. Khentov, N. P. Masalytina, I. A. Tatarenkova, A. V. Cherednichenko, E. V. Boeva, I. S. Koklin, E. I. Taran
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Influence of Piper sarmentosum Aqueous Extract on the Expression of Osteocalcin in Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporotic Rats
Elvy Suhana Mohd Ramli, Ima Nirwana Soelaiman, Suryati Mohd Thani, Nurul Huda Mohd Nor, Nurul Hayati Mohamad Zainal, Siti Saleha Masrudin, Siti Fadziyah Mohamad Asri
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Vitamin D Supplementation in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Chao-Yi Wu, Huang-Yu Yang, Shue-Fen Luo, Jing-Long Huang, Jenn-Haung Lai
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A Review on the Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Natural Products in Preventing Bone Diseases
Innocent U. Okagu, Timothy P. C. Ezeorba, Rita N. Aguchem, Ikenna C. Ohanenye, Emmanuel C. Aham, Sunday N. Okafor, Carlotta Bollati, Carmen Lammi
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Jiang Huo, Yu Ding, Xinyuan Wei, Qi Chen, Bin Zhao
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of denosumab and oral bisphosphonates for the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Lianghai Jiang, Jian Dong, Jianwei Wei, Lantao Liu
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Improvement in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis on Switching from Bisphosphonates to Once-Weekly Teriparatide: A Randomized Open-Label Trial
Toshihiro Nanki, Mai Kawazoe, Kiyoko Uno, Wataru Hirose, Hiroaki Dobashi, Hiroshi Kataoka, Toshihide Mimura, Hiroshi Hagino, Hajime Kono
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 12(1): 292. CrossRef
Understanding of Glucocorticoid Induced Osteoporosis
Chang-Nam Son
Keimyung Medical Journal.2021; 40(2): 69. CrossRef

Bone Metabolism
Operationalizing Treat-to-Target for Osteoporosis: E. Michael Lewiecki; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(2):270-278. Published online March 24, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.970

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Treat-to-target (TTT) for osteoporosis is a concept for individualizing patient treatment decisions that focuses on achieving an acceptable level of fracture risk rather than response to treatment alone. While a response to treatment is essential in order to achieve an acceptable level of risk, it is not necessarily sufficient. Some patients have a good response to treatment yet remain at high level of fracture risk. Since there is no way to directly measure bone strength in patients treated for osteoporosis, a surrogate measurement must be used. Bone mineral density (BMD) is commonly used to select patients for treatment and has emerged as the most useful surrogate for assessing reduction of fracture risk after treatment is started. Recent large meta-regression studies have shown a robust correlation between larger increases in BMD with treatment and greater reductions in fracture risk. Application of TTT for osteoporosis involves assessing fracture risk before starting treatment and initiating treatment with an agent that is most likely to reduce fracture risk to an acceptable level, represented by a target BMD T-score, over a reasonable period of time. This review offers suggestions for implementing TTT for osteoporosis in clinical practice and managing patients who fail or succeed in reaching the target. More study is needed to fully validate the use of TTT for osteoporosis for initiating and modifying treatments to reduce fracture risk.

Citations

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First‐line treatment of osteoporosis with osteoanabolic therapy: a new opportunity
Jasna Aleksova, Peter Ebeling
Internal Medicine Journal.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy of a single 5 mg zoledronic acid infusion in preventing bone loss and fracture in postmenopausal women with breast cancer
Han-Sang Baek, Kabsoo shin, Jinyoung Kim, Chaiho Jeong, Jeongmin Lee, Yejee Lim, Ki-Hyun Baek, Jeonghoon Ha
Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism.2024; 42(6): 720. CrossRef
Treatment sequencing using the dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist KBP-336 and semaglutide results in durable weight loss
Anna Thorsø Larsen, Morten A. Karsdal, Kim Henriksen
European Journal of Pharmacology.2023; 954: 175837. CrossRef
Osteoporosis: Spotlight on current approaches to pharmacological treatment
Dilşad Sindel
Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.2023; 69(2): 140. CrossRef
Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Caren G. Solomon, Marcella Donovan Walker, Elizabeth Shane
New England Journal of Medicine.2023; 389(21): 1979. CrossRef
Prevalence and Risk Factors of T-Score Spine-Hip Discordance in Patients with Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture
Byung-Ho Yoon, Ho Won Kang, Su Min Kim, Young Do Koh
Journal of Bone Metabolism.2022; 29(1): 43. CrossRef
Pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis: 2022 update
Yunkyung Jeon, In-Joo Kim
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(4): 241. CrossRef

Thyroid
Best Achievements in Clinical Thyroidology in 2020: Eun Kyung Lee, Young Joo Park; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(1):30-35. Published online February 24, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.103

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This review highlights the most interesting research in thyroidology conducted in 2020. The publications of interest discussed below dealt with the following topics: thyroid dysfunction, risk of thyroid cancer, molecular diagnostics and new therapeutics for thyroid cancer, and thyroid disease in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic era.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Compensation for iodine deficiency conditions with drugs based on duckweed substrate
M. Kh. Sadulaev, M. I. Usmanova, T. T. Tataev, A. M. Inderbiev, A. S.-A. Zhamalullayla, A. Salamova
BIO Web of Conferences.2023; 76: 03002. CrossRef
Use of long non-coding RNAs for the molecular diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer
Daham Kim, Juyeon Yu, Jiwon Kim, Yoon-a Hwang, Jin Kyong Kim, Cheol Ryong Ku, Jung Hyun Yoon, Jin Young Kwak, Kee-Hyun Nam, Eun Jig Lee
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration with or without Negative Pressure for Different Types of Thyroid Nodules
Qi Zhou, Wenjun Wu, Fang Wang, Xiaohua Gong, Xiaojun Chen
International Journal of General Medicine.2021; Volume 14: 5475. CrossRef

Original Articles

Clinical Study
Trends in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma in Korea: Hwa Young Ahn, Jae Eun Chae, Hyemi Moon, Junghyun Noh, Young Joo Park, Sin Gon Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(4):811-819. Published online November 20, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.709

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Background
Thyroid cancer is becoming increasingly common worldwide, but little is known about the epidemiology of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). This study investigated the current status of the incidence and treatment of MTC using Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) data for the entire Korean population from 2004 to 2016.
Methods
This study included 1,790 MTC patients identified from the NHIS database.
Results
The age-standardized incidence rate showed a slightly decreasing or stationary trend during the period, from 0.25 per 100,000 persons in 2004 to 0.19 in 2016. The average proportion of MTC among all thyroid cancers was 0.5%. For initial surgical treatment, 65.4% of patients underwent total thyroidectomy. After surgery, external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) was performed in 10% of patients, a proportion that increased from 6.7% in 2004 to 11.0% in 2016. Reoperations were performed in 2.7% of patients (n=49) at a median of 1.9 years of follow-up (interquartile range, 1.2 to 3.4). Since November 2015, 25 (1.4%) patients with MTC were prescribed vandetanib by December 2016.
Conclusion
The incidence of MTC decreased slightly with time, and the proportion of patients who underwent total thyroidectomy was about 65%. EBRT, reoperation, and tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy are additional treatments after initial surgery for advanced MTC in Korea.

Citations

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Big Data Research in the Field of Endocrine Diseases Using the Korean National Health Information Database
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Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(1): 10. CrossRef
Update on C-Cell Neuroendocrine Neoplasm: Prognostic and Predictive Histopathologic and Molecular Features of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Chan Kwon Jung, Shipra Agarwal, Jen-Fan Hang, Dong-Jun Lim, Andrey Bychkov, Ozgur Mete
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Mouse Models to Examine Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Pathogenesis: Recent Updates
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Partial preservation of the normal thyroid gland based on tumor diameter may be possible in small medullary thyroid carcinoma: a two-center 15-year retrospective study
Guiming Fu, Xiaoyi Li, Fengli Guo, Xianhui Ruan, Wei Zhang, Weijing Zhang, Yaping Zhang, Yibo Chen, Chunhua Li, Jin Chen, Xiangqian Zheng, Zhaohui Wang, Ming Gao
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Preoperative identification of low-risk medullary thyroid carcinoma: potential application to reduce total thyroidectomy
Hyunju Park, Hyun Jin Ryu, Jung Heo, Man Ki Chung, Young Ik Son, Jung-Han Kim, Soo Yeon Hahn, Jung Hee Shin, Young Lyun Oh, Sun Wook Kim, Jae Hoon Chung, Jee Soo Kim, Tae Hyuk Kim
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical Characteristics, Surgical Management, and Prognostic Factors of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Retrospective, Single-Center Study
Xin Wu, Binglu Li, Chaoji Zheng
Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Understanding and Utilizing Claim Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) and Health Insurance Review & Assessment (HIRA) Database for Research
Dae-Sung Kyoung, Hun-Sung Kim
Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.2022; 11(2): 103. CrossRef
Unilateral Surgery for Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Seeking for Clinical Practice Guidelines
Daqi Zhang, Carla Colombo, Hui Sun, Hoon Yub Kim, Antonella Pino, Simone De Leo, Giacomo Gazzano, Luca Persani, Gianlorenzo Dionigi, Laura Fugazzola
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Total thyroidectomy vs thyroid lobectomy for localized medullary thyroid cancer in adults: A propensity-matched survival analysis
Weili Liang, Jinyuan Shi, Hui Zhang, Guixu Lv, Tiantian Wang, Yong Wang, Bin Lv, Luchuan Li, Qingdong Zeng, Lei Sheng
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Constitutive Cytomorphologic Features of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Using Different Staining Methods
Chih-Yi Liu, Chien-Chin Chen, Andrey Bychkov, Shipra Agarwal, Yun Zhu, Jen-Fan Hang, Chiung-Ru Lai, Hee Young Na, So Yeon Park, Weiwei Li, Zhiyan Liu, Deepali Jain, Ayana Suzuki, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Noel Chia, Min En Nga, Tikamporn Jitpasutham, Somboon K
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Metastatic Lymph Node Ratio for Predicting Recurrence in Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Jinyoung Kim, Jun Park, Hyunju Park, Min Sun Choi, Hye Won Jang, Tae Hyuk Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Jae Hoon Chung
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A High Frequency of Lobectomy Instead of Total Thyroidectomy to Treat Medullary Thyroid Cancer in Korea: Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service
Sun Wook Cho
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2020; 35(4): 784. CrossRef

Endocrine Research
Therapeutic Effect of a Novel Chimeric Molecule Targeting Both Somatostatin and Dopamine Receptors on Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas: Jean Kim, Ju Hun Oh, Heather Harlem, Michael D. Culler, Cheol Ryong Ku, Eun Jig Lee; Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(1):177-187. Published online March 19, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.35.1.177

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Background

Acromegaly is a rare disease primarily caused by growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenomas, and its treatment is costly. Moreover, some patients are unresponsive to treatment. Hence, there are increasing efforts to develop new drugs with improved effectiveness for this disease. BIM23B065 is a novel chimeric molecule that acts on both somatostatin and dopamine receptors. This study aimed to investigate the effects of BIM23B065 compared with those of a somatostatin receptor analog and a dopamine agonist.

Methods

The effects of BIM23B065 on the proliferation, GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and cyclic AMP response element binding (CREB) phosphorylation of GH3 cells were investigated with MTS assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blotting, respectively. The dosage and treatment duration of BIM23B065 were tested in animal models of GH-secreting pituitary adenoma. The effect of BIM23B065 (3 mg/kg/day) on changes in IGF-1 levels before and after treatment was further investigated.

Results

In vitro, BIM23B065 treatment decreased GH release in the culture media and downregulated ERK 1/2 and CREB phosphorylation to 22% and 26%, respectively. In vivo, IGF-1 expression decreased to 50 % after 4 weeks of treatment with BIM23B065 using an osmotic pump implant. Moreover, magnetic resonance imaging results showed that the tumor size decreased significantly following treatment with BIM23B065 for 4 weeks.

Conclusion

The novel chimeric molecule was effective in decreasing IGF-1 and GH levels and may serve as an effective therapeutic agent for acromegaly.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Pituitary Tumorigenesis—Implications for Management
Rodanthi Vamvoukaki, Maria Chrysoulaki, Grigoria Betsi, Paraskevi Xekouki
Medicina.2023; 59(4): 812. CrossRef
Current and Emerging Medical Therapies in Pituitary Tumors
Nicolas Sahakian, Frédéric Castinetti, Thierry Brue, Thomas Cuny
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(4): 955. CrossRef
Characterization of the ability of a, second-generation SST-DA chimeric molecule, TBR-065, to suppress GH secretion from human GH-secreting adenoma cells
Thomas Cuny, Thomas Graillon, Célines Defilles, Rakesh Datta, Shengwen Zhang, Dominique Figarella-Branger, Henry Dufour, Grégory Mougel, Thierry Brue, Tanya Landsman, Heather A. Halem, Michael D. Culler, Anne Barlier, Alexandru Saveanu
Pituitary.2021; 24(3): 351. CrossRef
Efficacy of a Novel Second-Generation Somatostatin-Dopamine Chimera (TBR-065) in Human Medullary Thyroid Cancer: A Preclinical Study
Alessandra Dicitore, Maria Celeste Cantone, Germano Gaudenzi, Davide Saronni, Silvia Carra, Maria Orietta Borghi, Manuela Albertelli, Diego Ferone, Leo J. Hofland, Luca Persani, Giovanni Vitale
Neuroendocrinology.2021; 111(10): 937. CrossRef
Emerging drugs for the treatment of acromegaly
Claudia Campana, Giuliana Corica, Federica Nista, Francesco Cocchiara, Giulia Graziani, Keyvan Khorrami, Marta Franco, Mara Boschetti, Diego Ferone, Federico Gatto
Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs.2020; 25(4): 409. CrossRef

Review Article

Thyroid
Unmet Clinical Needs in the Treatment of Patients with Thyroid Cancer: Won Bae Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Won Gu Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Young Kee Shong; Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(1):14-25. Published online March 19, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.35.1.14

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The increased incidence of thyroid cancer is a worldwide phenomenon; however, the issue of overdiagnosis has been most prominent in South Korea. The age-standardized mortality rate of thyroid cancer in Korea steeply increased from 1985 to 2004 (from 0.17 per 100,000 to 0.85 per 100,000), and then decreased until 2015 to 0.42 per 100,000, suggesting that early detection reduced mortality. However, early detection of thyroid cancer may be cost-ineffective, considering its very high prevalence and indolent course. Therefore, risk stratification and tailored management are vitally important, but many prognostic markers can only be evaluated postoperatively. Discovery of preoperative marker(s), especially for small cancers, is the most important unmet clinical need for thyroid cancer. Herein, we discuss some such factors that we recently discovered. Another unmet clinical need is better treatment of radioiodine-refractory (RAIR) differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and undifferentiated cancers. Although sorafenib and lenvatinib are available, better drugs are needed. We found that phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, a critical enzyme for serine biosynthesis, could be a novel therapeutic target, and that the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio is a prognostic marker of survival in patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma or RAIR DTC. Deeper insights are needed into tumor-host interactions in thyroid cancer to improve treatment.

Citations

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Macrophage-Induced Carboxypeptidase A4 Promotes the Progression of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
Yeon-Sook Choi, Min Ji Jeon, Woo Kyung Lee Doolittle, Dong Eun Song, Kyunggon Kim, Won Bae Kim, Won Gu Kim
Thyroid®.2024; 34(9): 1150. CrossRef
Lenvatinib Compared with Sorafenib as a First-Line Treatment for Radioactive Iodine-Refractory, Progressive, Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: Real-World Outcomes in a Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
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Ahreum Jang, Meihua Jin, Chae A Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Yu-Mi Lee, Tae-Yon Sung, Tae Yong Kim, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Gu Kim
Endocrine.2023; 81(2): 290. CrossRef
Integration of ultrasound-based radiomics with clinical features for predicting cervical lymph node metastasis in postoperative patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Fengjing Fan, Fei Li, Yixuan Wang, Zhengjun Dai, Yuyang Lin, Lin Liao, Bei Wang, Hongjun Sun
Endocrine.2023; 84(3): 999. CrossRef
Transcriptomic Analysis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Focus on Immune-Subtyping, Oncogenic Fusion, and Recurrence
Seung-Jin Park, Yea Eun Kang, Jeong-Hwan Kim, Jong-Lyul Park, Seon-Kyu Kim, Seung-Woo Baek, In Sun Chu, Shinae Yi, Seong Eun Lee, Young Joo Park, Eun-Jae Chung, Jin Man Kim, Hye Mi Ko, Je-Ryong Kim, Seung-Nam Jung, Ho-Ryun Won, Jae Won Chang, Bon Seok Koo
Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology.2022; 15(2): 183. CrossRef
Prognosis of Patients with 1–4 cm Papillary Thyroid Cancer Who Underwent Lobectomy: Focus on Gross Extrathyroidal Extension Invading Only the Strap Muscles
Ahreum Jang, Meihua Jin, Won Woong Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Tae-Yon Sung, Dong Eun Song, Tae Yong Kim, Ki-Wook Chung, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Yu-Mi Lee, Won Gu Kim
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2022; 29(12): 7835. CrossRef
Carboxy terminus of HSP70‐interacting protein (CHIP) attenuates the stemness of thyroid cancer cells through decreasing OCT4 protein stability
Ying Xu, Gang Xu, Huimin Dang, Wei Qu, Dan Chang, Xin He, Minmin Li, Qian Wang
Environmental Toxicology.2021; 36(4): 686. CrossRef
Lactate Dehydrogenase A as a Potential New Biomarker for Thyroid Cancer
Eun Jeong Ban, Daham Kim, Jin Kyong Kim, Sang-Wook Kang, Jandee Lee, Jong Ju Jeong, Kee-Hyun Nam, Woong Youn Chung, Kunhong Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(1): 96. CrossRef
Clinical implications of age and excellent response to therapy in patients with high‐risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Meihua Jin, Jonghwa Ahn, Yu‐Mi Lee, Tae‐Yon Sung, Dong Eun Song, Tae Yong Kim, Ki‐Wook Chung, Jin‐Sook Ryu, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Min Ji Jeon, Won Gu Kim
Clinical Endocrinology.2021; 95(6): 882. CrossRef
80MAP17 promotes the tumorigenesis of papillary thyroid carcinoma by reducing the stability of p53
Kun Yu, Hongjiang Lu, Yanhong Chen, Ying Xin, Zhuo Tan, Qiong Yang
Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
CD73 Overexpression Promotes Progression and Recurrence of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Young Mun Jeong, Haejin Cho, Tae-Min Kim, Yourha Kim, Sora Jeon, Andrey Bychkov, Chan Kwon Jung
Cancers.2020; 12(10): 3042. CrossRef
The Role of Exosomes in Thyroid Cancer and Their Potential Clinical Application
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