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Review Articles
Obesity and Metabolism
An Update on Contraception in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Seda Hanife Oguz, Bulent Okan Yildiz
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(2):296-311.   Published online April 15, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.958
  • 11,440 View
  • 735 Download
  • 13 Web of Science
  • 14 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women, characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo/anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology. Combined oral contraceptives (COCs), along with lifestyle modifications, represent the first-line medical treatment for the long-term management of PCOS. Containing low doses of estrogen and different types of progestin, COCs restore menstrual cyclicity, improve hyperandrogenism, and provide additional benefits such as reducing the risk of endometrial cancer. However, potential cardiometabolic risk associated with these agents has been a concern. COCs increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), related both to the dose of estrogen and the type of progestin involved. Arterial thrombotic events related to COC use occur much less frequently, and usually not a concern for young patients. All patients diagnosed with PCOS should be carefully evaluated for cardiometabolic risk factors at baseline, before initiating a COC. Age, smoking, obesity, glucose intolerance or diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, thrombophilia, and family history of VTE should be recorded. Patients should be re-assessed at consecutive visits, more closely if any baseline cardiometabolic risk factor is present. Individual risk assessment is the key in order to avoid unfavorable outcomes related to COC use in women with PCOS.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Clinical management of androgen excess and defect in women
    Elena Rosato, Francesca Sciarra, Marianna Minnetti, Anisa Degjoni, Mary Anna Venneri
    Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 19(1): 21.     CrossRef
  • Current and emerging drug treatment strategies for polycystic ovary syndrome
    Nafiye Helvaci, Bulent Okan Yildiz
    Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy.2023; 24(1): 105.     CrossRef
  • Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) Discovered Novel Long Non-Coding RNAs for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
    Roozbeh Heidarzadehpilehrood, Maryam Pirhoushiaran, Malina Binti Osman, Habibah Abdul Hamid, King-Hwa Ling
    Biomedicines.2023; 11(2): 518.     CrossRef
  • The mechanism of Leonuri Herba in improving polycystic ovary syndrome was analyzed based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
    Mali Wu, Hua Liu, Jie Zhang, Fangfang Dai, Yiping Gong, Yanxiang Cheng
    Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the efficacy of an antioxidant combination for the modulation of metabolic, endocrine, and clinical parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
    Carmen Pingarrón Santofímia, Silvia Poyo Torcal, Helena López Verdú, Alexandra Henríquez Linares, Virginia Calvente Aguilar, Pablo Terol Sánchez, María Sol Martínez García, Pilar Lafuente González
    Gynecological Endocrinology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Contemporary Management of the Patient with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
    Nicolás Omar Francone, Tia Ramirez, Christina E. Boots
    Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America.2023; 50(4): 695.     CrossRef
  • Challenges in diagnosis and health care in polycystic ovary syndrome in Canada: a patient view to improve health care
    Beate C. Sydora, Michaelann S. Wilke, Maggie McPherson, Sarah Chambers, Mahua Ghosh, Donna F. Vine
    BMC Women's Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of Berberine Phytosome on reproductive, dermatologic, and metabolic characteristics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a controlled, randomized, multi-centric, open-label clinical trial
    Francesco Di Pierro, Ruqqia Sultana, Amna Zia Eusaph, Saida Abrar, Mahroo Bugti, Fauzia Afridi, Umer Farooq, Somia Iqtadar, Fareeha Ghauri, Syeda Makhduma, Shazia Nourin, Ayesha Kanwal, Aasiya Bano, Ali Akbar Bugti, Shah Mureed, Ayesha Ghazal, Romana Irsh
    Frontiers in Pharmacology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Investigation of taste function and eating behavior in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    Sila Cetik, Aylin Acikgoz, Bulent Okan Yildiz
    Appetite.2022; 168: 105776.     CrossRef
  • microRNAs and long non‐coding RNAs as biomarkers for polycystic ovary syndrome
    Mona Tamaddon, Mostafa Azimzadeh, Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
    Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine.2022; 26(3): 654.     CrossRef
  • Effect of orlistat during individualized comprehensive life-style intervention on visceral fat in overweight or obese PCOS patients
    Min Min, Xiangyan Ruan, Husheng Wang, Jiaojiao Cheng, Suiyu Luo, Zhongting Xu, Meng Li, Alfred Otto Mueck
    Gynecological Endocrinology.2022; 38(8): 676.     CrossRef
  • Effect of metformin and exenatide on pregnancy rate and pregnancy outcomes in overweight or obese infertility PCOS women: long-term follow-up of an RCT
    Renyuan Li, Tingting Mai, Siyuan Zheng, Ying Zhang
    Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics.2022; 306(5): 1711.     CrossRef
  • Oral contraceptives and stroke: Foes or friends
    Varun Reddy, Megan Wurtz, Shahil H. Patel, Micheline McCarthy, Ami P. Raval
    Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology.2022; 67: 101016.     CrossRef
  • Clinical profiling of polycystic ovary syndrome patients in Kashmir population
    Ahila Ashraf, Rajesh Singh, Shahnawaz Mir
    Matrix Science Pharma.2022; 6(1): 23.     CrossRef
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Diabetes
Peptidyl and Non-Peptidyl Oral Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
Hun Jee Choe, Young Min Cho
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(1):22-29.   Published online February 24, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.102
  • 27,537 View
  • 641 Download
  • 9 Web of Science
  • 12 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are efficacious glucose-lowering medications with salient benefits for body weight and cardiovascular events. This class of medications is now recommended as the top priority for patients with established cardiovascular disease or indicators of high risk. Until the advent of oral semaglutide, however, GLP-1 receptor agonists were available only in the form of subcutaneous injections. Aversion to needles, discomfort with self-injection, or skin problems at the injection site are commonly voiced problems in people with diabetes, and thus, attempts for non-invasive delivery strategies have continued. Herein, we review the evolution of GLP-1 therapy from its discovery and the development of currently approved drugs to the unprecedented endeavor to administer GLP-1 receptor agonists via the oral route. We focus on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the recently approved oral GLP-1 receptor agonist, oral semaglutide. Small molecule oral GLP-1 receptor agonists are currently in development, and we introduce how these chemicals have addressed the challenge posed by interactions with the large extracellular ligand binding domain of the GLP-1 receptor. We specifically discuss the structure and pharmacological properties of TT-OAD2, LY3502970, and PF-06882961, and envision an era where more patients could benefit from oral GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Sulfobetaine modification of poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles enhances mucus permeability and improves bioavailability of orally delivered liraglutide
    Zhenyu Zhao, Ruihuan Ding, Yumei Wang, Ranran Yuan, Houqian Zhang, Tianyang Li, Wei Zheng, Entao Chen, Aiping Wang, Yanan Shi
    Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology.2024; 93: 105437.     CrossRef
  • Physiology and pharmacology of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor
    D. V. Kurkin, D. A. Bakulin, E. I. Morkovin, V. I. Petrov, A. V. Strygin, K. N. Koryanova, Yu. V. Gorbunova, Yu. A. Kolosov, O. V. Ivanova, E. V. Pavlova, M. A. Dzhavakhyan, A. V. Zaborovsky, V. B. Saparova, I. E. Makarenko, R. I. Drai, A. N. Chumachenko
    Pharmacy & Pharmacology.2024; 11(4): 347.     CrossRef
  • G protein-coupled receptors driven intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 reprogramming for obesity: Hope or hype?
    Mohan Patil, Ilaria Casari, Leon N. Warne, Marco Falasca
    Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2024; 172: 116245.     CrossRef
  • Opportunities and challenges of incretin-based hypoglycemic agents treating type 2 diabetes mellitus from the perspective of physiological disposition
    Yaochen Xie, Qian Zhou, Qiaojun He, Xiaoyi Wang, Jincheng Wang
    Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B.2023; 13(6): 2383.     CrossRef
  • Advances in GLP-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
    Shurui Hong, J. Xiao, Y. He
    BIO Web of Conferences.2023; 61: 01006.     CrossRef
  • Safety and efficacy of the new, oral, small-molecule, GLP-1 receptor agonists orforglipron and danuglipron for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    Paschalis Karakasis, Dimitrios Patoulias, Konstantinos Pamporis, Panagiotis Stachteas, Konstantinos I. Bougioukas, Aleksandra Klisic, Nikolaos Fragakis, Manfredi Rizzo
    Metabolism.2023; 149: 155710.     CrossRef
  • A review of glucoregulatory hormones potentially applicable to the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: mechanism and brain delivery
    Reeju Amatya, Kyoung Ah Min, Meong Cheol Shin
    Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation.2022; 52(2): 195.     CrossRef
  • Anti-Obesity Medications and Investigational Agents: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022
    Harold E. Bays, Angela Fitch, Sandra Christensen, Karli Burridge, Justin Tondt
    Obesity Pillars.2022; 2: 100018.     CrossRef
  • Structural basis of peptidomimetic agonism revealed by small-molecule GLP-1R agonists Boc5 and WB4-24
    Zhaotong Cong, Qingtong Zhou, Yang Li, Li-Nan Chen, Zi-Chen Zhang, Anyi Liang, Qing Liu, Xiaoyan Wu, Antao Dai, Tian Xia, Wei Wu, Yan Zhang, Dehua Yang, Ming-Wei Wang
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Improved Split TEV GPCR β-arrestin-2 Recruitment Assays via Systematic Analysis of Signal Peptide and β-arrestin Binding Motif Variants
    Yuxin Wu, Isabelle von Hauff, Niels Jensen, Moritz Rossner, Michael Wehr
    Biosensors.2022; 13(1): 48.     CrossRef
  • GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Beyond Their Pancreatic Effects
    Xin Zhao, Minghe Wang, Zhitong Wen, Zhihong Lu, Lijuan Cui, Chao Fu, Huan Xue, Yunfeng Liu, Yi Zhang
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Recent developments in GLP‐1RA therapy: A review of the latest evidence of efficacy and safety and differences within the class
    Evie K. Bain, Stephen C. Bain
    Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2021; 23(S3): 30.     CrossRef
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Original Articles
Kallmann's Syndrome Associasted with Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis.
Hyeon Jeong Jeon, Byeong Seong Ko, Do Hyeong Kim, Jang Hwan Bae, TGae Geun Oh, Seung Baek Kang
J Korean Endocr Soc. 1996;11(3):318-323.   Published online November 7, 2019
  • 972 View
  • 26 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
The Kallmanns syndrome is the most common form of isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in which anosmia or hyposmia resulting from agenesis of hypoplasia of the olfactory lobes is associated with LHRH deficiency, This syndrome is genetically heterogeneous and can be trans-mitted as an X-linked, autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive trait. The hypogonadotropic hypogonadism results in absent or incomplete pubertal development and may be associated with anosmia or hyposmia, mid-line defect(color blindness, cleft-lip or -palate, unilateral renal agenesis, nerve deafness), cryptorchidism and skeletal abnormalities. The slipped capital fernoral epiphysis is the condition in which the femoral head slips downward and backward on the femoral neck at the epiphyseal plate. The clinical association between slipped capital femoral epiphysis and endocrine disorder. We experienced a case of the slipped capital femoral epiphyis associated with Kallmanns syndrome in a 17 years old male.
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Obesity and Metabolism
Factors Associated with Glycemic Variability in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Focus on Oral Hypoglycemic Agents and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Soyeon Yoo, Sang-Ouk Chin, Sang-Ah Lee, Gwanpyo Koh
Endocrinol Metab. 2015;30(3):352-360.   Published online August 4, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.3.352
  • 3,672 View
  • 44 Download
  • 9 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   
Background

The role of glycemic variability (GV) in development of cardiovascular diseases remains controversial, and factors that determine glucose fluctuation in patients with diabetes are unknown. We investigated relationships between GV indices, kinds of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs), and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

We analyzed 209 patients with T2DM. The GV index (standard deviation [SD] and mean absolute glucose change [MAG]) were calculated from 7-point self-monitoring of blood glucose profiles. The patients were classified into four groups according to whether they take OHAs known as GV-lowering (A) and GV-increasing (B): 1 (A only), 2 (neither), 3 (both A and B), and 4 (B only). The 10-year risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) was calculated using the Pooled Cohort Equations.

Results

GV indices were significantly higher in patients taking sulfonylureas (SUs), but lower in those taking dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. In hierarchical regression analysis, the use of SUs remained independent correlates of the SD (β=0.209, P=0.009) and MAG (β=0.214, P=0.011). In four OHA groups, GV indices increased progressively from group 1 to group 4. However, these did not differ according to quartiles of 10-year ASCVD risk.

Conclusion

GV indices correlated significantly with the use of OHAs, particularly SU, and differed significantly according to combination of OHAs. However, cardiovascular risk factors and 10-year ASCVD risk were not related to GV indices. These findings suggest that GV is largely determined by properties of OHAs and not to cardiovascular complications in patients with T2DM.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Prognostic value of longitudinal HbA1c variability in predicting the development of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort observational study
    Yun‐Ru Lai, Wen‐Chan Chiu, Chih‐Cheng Huang, Ben‐Chung Cheng, I‐Hsun Yu, Chia‐Te Kung, Ting Yin Lin, Hui Ching Chiang, Chun‐En Aurea Kuo, Cheng‐Hsien Lu
    Journal of Diabetes Investigation.2024; 15(3): 326.     CrossRef
  • Influence of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    Shangyu Chai, Ruya Zhang, Ye Zhang, Richard David Carr, Yiman Zheng, Swapnil Rajpathak, Miao Yu
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Glycemic Variability in Subjects with Diabetes and Hypogonadism during Testosterone Replacement Treatment: A Pilot Study
    Giuseppe Defeudis, Ernesto Maddaloni, Giovanni Rossini, Alfonso Maria Di Tommaso, Rossella Mazzilli, Paolo Di Palma, Paolo Pozzilli, Nicola Napoli
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(18): 5333.     CrossRef
  • New Insights into the Role of Visit-to-Visit Glycemic Variability and Blood Pressure Variability in Cardiovascular Disease Risk
    Jin J. Zhou, Daniel S. Nuyujukian, Peter D. Reaven
    Current Cardiology Reports.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of glycemic variability and factors associated with the glycemic arrays among end-stage kidney disease patients on chronic hemodialysis
    Abdul Hanif Khan Yusof Khan, Nor Fadhlina Zakaria, Muhammad Adil Zainal Abidin, Nor Azmi Kamaruddin
    Medicine.2021; 100(30): e26729.     CrossRef
  • Dipeptidyl-Peptidase-IV Inhibitors, Imigliptin and Alogliptin, Improve Beta-Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes
    Xu Liu, Yang Liu, Hongzhong Liu, Haiyan Li, Jianhong Yang, Pei Hu, Xinhua Xiao, Dongyang Liu
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • HbA 1C variability and hypoglycemia hospitalization in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A nested case-control study
    Victor W. Zhong, Juhaeri Juhaeri, Stephen R. Cole, Christina M. Shay, Penny Gordon-Larsen, Evangelos Kontopantelis, Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis
    Journal of Diabetes and its Complications.2018; 32(2): 203.     CrossRef
  • Glucose fluctuation and the resultant endothelial injury are correlated with pancreatic β cell dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease
    Makoto Murata, Hitoshi Adachi, Shigeru Oshima, Masahiko Kurabayashi
    Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2017; 131: 107.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy of lifestyle interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Xiao-Li Huang, Jian-Hua Pan, Dan Chen, Jing Chen, Fang Chen, Tao-Tao Hu
    European Journal of Internal Medicine.2016; 27: 37.     CrossRef
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Relationship between Adiponectin, Leptin and Body Fat in Men with Hypogonadism Before and After Testosterone Treatment.
Sang Wan Kim, Joon Ku Kang, Do Joon Park, Chan Soo Shin, Kyung Soo Park, Seong Yeon Kim, Bo Youn Cho, Hong Kyu Lee
J Korean Endocr Soc. 2004;19(5):473-484.   Published online October 1, 2004
  • 1,089 View
  • 18 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
Testosterone replacement therapy in men with hypogonadism improves sexual function, decreases body fat, and increases the mass and function of lean muscle. These beneficial effects of testosterone replacement therapy are accompanied by slight lowering of the high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, increase in the hematocrit/hemoglobin ratio and size of the prostate gland. It is presently unknown whether the effect of testosterone on body fat could also reduce the risk of atherosclerotic disease associated with obesity. We investigated the relationship between body fat and blood leptin and adiponectin levels to elucidate the effect of testosterone on body fat metabolism, as well as the effect of testosterone on lipid and bone metabolism. METHODS: We selected 28 men, who were hypogonadal (mean serum testosterone+/-SD, 22.3+/-35.3 ng/dL) due to an organic disease, and them with oral testosterone (testosterone undecanoate) for 12 months. We measured the body composition, serum leptin, plasma adiponectin, biochemical bone markers, bone mineral density, prostate-specific antigen, and serum lipids before and 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment. We analyzed the relationship between body fat and blood leptin and adiponectin levels. RESULTS: The mean serum testosterone concentration reached the subnormal range after 6 months of treatment, which remained for the duration of treatment. The fat mass decreased and muscle mass increased, not within the first 6 months, but principally within 12 months (p<0.05). Although the decrease in the serum leptin level was not statistically significant, there were positive correlations between the leptin level and fat mass before and after 6 months of treatment (p<0.05). The plasma adiponectin did not increase or correlate with body fat parameters. The bone mineral densities of the lumbar spine (L2-L4) and femoral neck did not increased, but the serum osteocalcin and urine N-telopeptide were significantly decreased (p<0.05 and <0.01, respectively). The HDL-cholesterol decreased, principally within the first 6 months (p<0.01), but the total and LDL cholesterols, and the triglycerides remained unchanged during the course of treatment. There was also no change in prostate-specific antigen. CONCLUSION: Twelve months of oral testosterone replacement in men with hypogonadism improved body composition and bone metabolism, but demonstrated subnormal serum testosterone levels, had no effect on the leptin and adiponectin levels and decrease in HDL-cholesterol levels. It will be necessary to examine the long-term effects of testosterone replacement on the incidence of cardiovascular events as well as cardiovascular risk factors in men with hypogonadism
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Case Reports
A Case of Panhypopituitarism Due to Craniopharyngioma with Slipped Capitalis Femoral Epiphysis.
Jun Hee Lee, Kyung Rae Kim, Hi Yan Park, Jin Yang Ju, Young Duk Chae, Soo Jee Yoon, Ki Joong Kim, Woo Il Park, Bong Soo Cha, Young Duk Song, Sung Kil Lim, Hyun Chul Lee, Kap Bum Huh
J Korean Endocr Soc. 2002;17(1):104-109.   Published online February 1, 2002
  • 1,073 View
  • 17 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Craniopharyngioma accounts for 3% to 5% of intracranial tumors and is the second most common neoplasm in the sellar region. Panhypopituitarism associated with craniopharyngioma has been reported in 7% of all patients with craniopharyngioma. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is the condition in which the femoral head slips downward and backward on the femoral neck at the epiphyseal plate due to growth disturbance of capital physis, the actual cause of which is unknown. It is a disease of adolescence, during which many physiologic hormonal changes occur. The clinical association between slipped capital femoral epiphysis and endocrine disease is well known. There have been four cases of slipped capital femoral epiphysis associated with endocrine disorders in Korea. This is the first Korean case report of slipped capital femoral epiphysis combined with craniopharyngioma caused by hypopituitarism
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A Case of Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy Associated with Hepatoma: A Case in which both PTHrP and 1,25 (OH) 2D were elevated.
Seol Young Yoon, Chang Ryol Lee, Jun Ho Lee, So Jin Choi, Seung Pyo Son
J Korean Endocr Soc. 1999;14(1):197-202.   Published online January 1, 2001
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  • 18 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Hypercalcemia is one of the most common paraneoplastic syndromes and believed to occur through two general mechanisms, one humoral and the other local. The former mechanism has been termed humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) and has been associated with the secretion of various cytokines, including parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). PTHrP beats sttuctural and functional similarities to PTH and seems to play a key role in the pathogenesis of HHM. We experienced the case of HHM associated with hepatoma, a rare cause of HHM, in 48 year-old male. We found no evidence of bone metastasis. In this case, contrary to our general acknowledgment, serum 1,25 (OH)D concentration was elevated. We report this case with a brief review of related literatures.
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Endocrinol Metab : Endocrinology and Metabolism