Fig. 1Box plot showing distribution of individual study parameter for both subclinical hypothyroidism (SH), overt hypothyroidism (OH), and control (CON) groups. TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone; T4, thyroxine; Mem cho, membrane cholesterol.
Table 1Mean, SE, and Indicators Regarding the Normal Distribution of the Study Parameters in All Study Groups
Parameter |
SCH |
OH |
Controls |
Age, yr |
29.4±0.81 |
31.5±0.93 |
30.2±1.0 |
P valuea
|
0.10 |
0.20 |
0.15 |
BMI, kg/m2
|
21.4±0.26 |
22.0±0.17 |
21.4±0.43 |
P valuea
|
0.09 |
1.0 |
0.08 |
TSH, µIU/mL |
15.3±0.55 |
19.5±1.23 |
2.10±0.19 |
P valuea
|
0.2 |
0.10 |
0.2 |
T4, µg/dL |
5.68±0.34 |
1.03±0.06 |
8.29±0.53 |
P valuea
|
0.2 |
0.20 |
0.20 |
Na+/K+-ATPase activity, IU/mg of tissue protein |
8.84±0.75 |
3.15±0.22 |
19.5±0.89 |
P valuea
|
0.14 |
0.19 |
0.2 |
Serum cholesterol, mmol/L |
4.92±0.20 |
5.78±0.19 |
4.69±0.20 |
P valuea
|
0.2 |
0.13 |
0.2 |
Membrane cholesterol, mmol/mg of tissue protein |
3.99±0.18 |
3.49±0.17 |
4.37±0.06 |
P valuea
|
0.13 |
0.2 |
0.17 |
LDL-C, mmol/L |
2.36±0.07 |
3.84±0.12 |
2.3±0.06 |
P valuea
|
0.182 |
0.126 |
0.165 |
HDL-C, mmol/L |
0.99±0.02 |
0.93±0.024 |
1.01±0.023 |
P valuea
|
0.07 |
0.20 |
0.189 |
TG, mmol/L |
1.19±0.05 |
1.95±0.15 |
1.1±0.048 |
P valuea
|
0.200 |
0.195 |
0.210 |
Table 2
Post Hoc Analysis of Variance with the Bonferroni Correction for Analyzing the Significance of Differences in the Mean Values of Test Parameters among the SCH, OH, and CON Groups
Dependent variable |
(I) grouping |
(J) grouping |
Mean difference (I–J) |
P value |
Serum cholesterol, mmol/L |
SH |
OH |
–2.01a
|
<0.001 |
CON |
0.45a
|
0.036 |
OH |
SH |
2.01a
|
<0.001 |
CON |
1.51a
|
<0.001 |
CON |
SH |
–0.45a
|
0.036 |
OH |
–1.51a
|
<0.001 |
Serum TSH, µIU/mL |
SH |
OH |
–2.91a
|
0.003 |
CON |
13.61a
|
<0.001 |
OH |
SH |
2.91a
|
0.003 |
CON |
16.52a
|
<0.001 |
CON |
SH |
–13.61a
|
<0.001 |
OH |
–16.52a
|
<0.001 |
Serum T4, µg/dL |
SH |
OH |
4.21a
|
<0.001 |
CON |
–2.16a
|
0.002 |
OH |
SH |
–4.21a
|
<0.001 |
CON |
–6.38a
|
<0.001 |
CON |
SH |
2.16a
|
0.002 |
OH |
6.38a
|
<0.001 |
Na+/K+-ATPase activity, IU/mg of tissue protein |
SH |
OH |
5.39a
|
<0.001 |
CON |
–13.10a
|
<0.001 |
OH |
SH |
–5.39a
|
<0.001 |
CON |
–18.50a
|
<0.001 |
CON |
SH |
13.10a
|
<0.001 |
OH |
18.50a
|
<0.001 |
Membrane cholesterol, mmol/mg of tissue protein |
SH |
OH |
0.97a
|
<0.001 |
CON |
–0.37a
|
0.042 |
OH |
SH |
–0.97a
|
<0.001 |
CON |
–1.35a
|
<0.001 |
CON |
SH |
0.37a
|
0.042 |
OH |
1.35a
|
<0.001 |
Table 3Pearson Bivariate Correlations Showing the Relationships between Na+/K+-ATPase Activity and Lipid Parameters in SCH and OH Patients
Parameter |
Serum cholesterol |
Membrane cholesterol |
Serum LDL-C |
Serum HDL-C |
Serum TG |
Na+/K+-ATPase activity in SCH patients |
|
|
|
|
|
r
|
–0.286 |
0.546 |
–0.292 |
0.179 |
0.022 |
P value |
0.115 |
0.001a
|
0.105 |
0.327 |
0.904 |
Na+/K+-ATPase activity in OH patients |
|
|
|
|
|
r
|
–0.259 |
0.518 |
–0.273 |
0.312 |
–0.266 |
P value |
0.133 |
0.001a
|
0.112 |
0.068 |
0.122 |
Table 4Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Showing the Predictive Values of Thyroid Hormone and Cholesterol Levels on Na+/K+-ATPase Activity in Subclinical Hypothyroidism Patients
Model 1 |
Unstandardized coefficients |
Standardized coefficients |
t
|
P value |
B |
SE |
β |
Constant |
10.970 |
5.073 |
- |
2.163 |
0.040 |
Serum cholesterol |
–0.400 |
0.706 |
–0.080 |
–0.567 |
0.575 |
TSH |
–0.480 |
0.172 |
–0.410 |
–2.796 |
0.009a
|
Total T4
|
–0.392 |
0.322 |
–0.169 |
–1.215 |
0.235 |
Membrane cholesterol |
2.140 |
0.694 |
0.443 |
3.084 |
0.005a
|
Table 5Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Showing the Predictive Values of Thyroid Hormone and Cholesterol Levels on Na+/K+-ATPase Activity in Overt Hypothyroidism Patients
Model 1 |
Unstandardized coefficients |
Standardized coefficients |
t
|
P value |
B |
SE |
β |
Constant |
–1.379 |
1.078 |
- |
–1.280 |
0.210 |
Serum cholesterol |
0.004 |
0.003 |
0.095 |
1.193 |
0.242 |
TSH |
–0.011 |
0.026 |
–0.037 |
–0.450 |
0.656 |
Total T4
|
2.428 |
0.240 |
0.869 |
10.119 |
<0.001a
|
Membrane cholesterol |
0.009 |
0.004 |
0.170 |
2.204 |
0.035a
|