Fig. 1Receiver operating characteristic curves of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) for predicting (A) metabolic syndrome and (B) insulin resistance syndrome.
Fig. 22. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance syndrome stratified by (A) age, (B) body mass index (BMI), (C) waist circumference (WC), and (D) waist-to-hip ratio (WHR).
Table 1Characteristics of 318 PCOS Women with and without Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance Syndrome
Characteristic |
Total (n=318) |
MS |
P valuea
|
IRS |
P valuea
|
PCOS with MS (n=33) |
PCOS without MS (n=285) |
PCOS with IRS (n=86) |
PCOS without IRS (n=232) |
Age, yr |
28.27±3.87 |
29.97±3.37 |
28.08±3.88 |
0.01 |
29.30±4.18 |
27.89±3.68 |
<0.01 |
Age at menarche, yr |
14.24±1.35 |
14.09 ±1.47 |
14.25±1.34 |
0.51 |
14.08±1.36 |
14.29±1.35 |
0.22 |
Anthropometry |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BMI, kg/m2
|
21.04±2.88 |
24.41±3.42 |
20.65±2.55 |
<0.01 |
22.76±3.58 |
20.40±2.28 |
<0.01 |
WC, cm |
73.64±7.85 |
84.33±8.84 |
72.41±6.72 |
<0.01 |
78.41±8.98 |
71.88±6.57 |
<0.01 |
WHR |
0.83±0.06 |
0.88±0.06 |
0.83±0.06 |
<0.01 |
0.85±0.06 |
0.82±0.06 |
<0.01 |
Blood pressure |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SBP, mm Hg |
108.81±11.97 |
114.39±15.19 |
108.16±11.39 |
<0.01 |
112.38±14.67 |
107.48±10.53 |
<0.01 |
DBP, mm Hg |
68.13±7.61 |
69.55±9.05 |
67.96±7.43 |
0.26 |
69.83±8.52 |
67.50±7.16 |
0.02 |
Hormonal profile |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AMH, pmol/L |
59.65±36.34 |
56.70±36.52 |
59.99±36.36 |
0.62 |
51.24±34.66 |
62.77±36.52 |
0.01 |
LH, IU/L |
10.97±6.43 |
9.04±5.46 |
11.19±6.51 |
0.07 |
9.55±5.13 |
11.50±6.79 |
0.02 |
FSH, IU/L |
5.44±1.67 |
4.91±1.67 |
5.50±1.67 |
0.05 |
5.08±1.79 |
5.57±1.61 |
0.02 |
LH/FSH |
2.19±1.54 |
1.92±1.07 |
2.22±1.58 |
0.29 |
2.05±1.19 |
2.23±1.65 |
0.36 |
Oestradiol, pmol/L |
169.30±104.19 |
129.70±49.10 |
173.89±107.90 |
0.02 |
152.52±99.92 |
175.52±105.27 |
0.08 |
Testosterone, nmol/L |
1.26±0.70 |
1.26±0.65 |
1.26±0.71 |
0.95 |
1.32±0.73 |
1.24±0.69 |
0.35 |
Prolactin, ng/mL |
17.97±33.82 |
12.86±8.34 |
18.56±35.57 |
0.36 |
22.08±54.95 |
16.44±21.21 |
0.19 |
Lipid profile |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total cholesterol, mmol/L |
4.77±2.35 |
5.32±0.92 |
4.70±2.46 |
0.15 |
4.90±0.87 |
4.72±2.70 |
0.55 |
Triglycerides, mmol/L |
1.36±0.87 |
2.59±1.35 |
1.22±0.67 |
<0.01 |
2.11±1.22 |
1.08±0.44 |
<0.01 |
LDL-C, mmol/L |
2.93±0.77 |
3.38±0.83 |
2.87±0.75 |
<0.01 |
3.17±0.76 |
2.84±0.76 |
<0.01 |
HDL-C, mmol/L |
1.43±0.56 |
1.26±1.05 |
1.45±0.47 |
0.07 |
1.20±0.74 |
1.51±0.45 |
<0.01 |
Glucose metabolism |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fasting glucose, mmol/L |
5.11±0.52 |
5.69±0.63 |
5.04±0.46 |
<0.01 |
5.33±0.60 |
5.03±0.46 |
<0.01 |
2-Hour OGTT, mmol/L |
6.82±1.78 |
7.94±2.43 |
6.69±1.65 |
<0.01 |
8.10±2.09 |
6.35±1.39 |
<0.01 |
Table 2Prevalence of Metabolic Abnormalitiesa in PCOS Women with and without MS
Metabolic abnormalities |
Total (n=318) |
PCOS with MS (n=33) |
PCOS without MS (n=285) |
P valueb
|
WC ≥80 cm |
66 (20.8) |
28 (84.8) |
38 (13.3) |
<0.01 |
TG ≥1.7 mmol/L |
65 (20.4) |
26 (78.8) |
39 (13.7) |
<0.01 |
HDL-C <1.29 mmol/L |
137 (43.1) |
31 (93.9) |
106 (37.2) |
<0.01 |
BP ≥130/85 mm Hg |
18 (5.7) |
6 (18.2) |
12 (4.2) |
<0.01 |
Fasting glucose ≥5.6 mmol/L |
43 (13.5) |
18 (54.5) |
25 (8.8) |
<0.01 |
Presence of metabolic abnormalities |
|
|
|
|
0 |
121 (38.1) |
NA |
121 (42.5) |
1 |
108 (34.0) |
NA |
108 (37.9) |
2 |
56 (17.6) |
NA |
56 (19.6) |
3 |
23 (7.2) |
23 (69.7) |
NA |
4 |
10 (3.1) |
10 (30.3) |
NA |
5 |
0 |
0 |
NA |
Table 3Prevalence of Metabolic Abnormalitiesa in PCOS Women with and without IRS
Component |
Total (n=318) |
PCOS with IRS (n=86) |
PCOS without IRS (n=232) |
P valueb
|
TG ≥1.7 mmol/L |
65 (20.4) |
51 (59.3) |
14 (6.0) |
<0.01 |
HDL-C <1.29 mmol/L |
137 (43.1) |
75 (87.2) |
62 (26.7) |
<0.01 |
BP ≥130/85 mm Hg |
18 (5.7) |
11 (12.8) |
7 (3.0) |
<0.01 |
IFGc/IGTd
|
75 (23.6) |
51 (59.3) |
24 (10.3) |
<0.01 |
Presence of metabolic abnormalities |
|
|
|
|
0 |
124 (39.0) |
NA |
124 (53.4) |
1 |
108 (34.0) |
NA |
108 (46.6) |
2 |
66 (20.8) |
66 (76.7) |
NA |
3 |
20 (6.3) |
20 (23.3) |
NA |
4 |
0 |
0 |
NA |
Table 4Logistic Regression Analysis for Predictors of MS and IRS in Women with PCOS
Variable |
MS (n=33) |
P value |
IRS (n=86) |
P value |
MS/total (%) |
OR (95% CI) |
IRS/total (%) |
OR (95% CI) |
Age, yr |
|
|
|
|
|
|
<30 |
17/214 (7.9) |
1 |
|
49/214 (22.9) |
1 |
|
30–40 |
15/102 (14.7) |
2.00 (0.95–4.18) |
0.07 |
35/102 (34.3) |
1.76 (1.05–2.95) |
0.033 |
>40 |
1/2 (50) |
11.59 (0.69–193.59) |
0.09 |
2/2 (100) |
NA |
NA |
Age at menarche, yr |
|
|
|
|
|
|
≥16 |
5/49 (10.2) |
0.98 (0.36–2.67) |
1.00 |
13/49 (26.5) |
0.97 (0.49–1.93) |
1.00 |
12–16 |
28/269 (10.4) |
1 |
|
73/269 (27.1) |
1 |
|
<12 |
0 (0.0) |
NA |
NA |
0 (0.0) |
NA |
NA |
BMI, kg/m2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<18.5 (underweight) |
0/52 (0.0) |
NA |
NA |
8/52 (15.4) |
0.66 (029–1.52) |
0.33 |
18.5–22.9 (normal) |
14/200 (7.0) |
1 |
- |
43/200 (21.5) |
1 |
- |
23.0–24.9 (overweight) |
9/44 (20.5) |
3.42 (1.37–8.50) |
<0.01 |
19/44 (43.2) |
2.78 (1.40–5.51) |
<0.01 |
≥25 (obese) |
10/22 (45.5) |
11.07 (4.07–30.08) |
<0.01 |
16/22 (72.7) |
9.74 (3.59–26.39) |
<0.01 |
WC, cm |
|
|
|
|
|
|
≥80 |
28/66 (42.4) |
36.4 (13.24–100.04) |
<0.01 |
37/66 (56.1) |
5.29 (2.97–9.42) |
<0.01 |
<80 |
5/252 (2.0) |
1 |
|
49/252 (19.4) |
1 |
|
WHR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
≥0.80 |
31/226 (13.7) |
7.15 (1.68–30.55) |
<0.01 |
69/226 (30.5) |
1.94 (1.07–3.53) |
0.03 |
<0.80 |
2/92 (2.2) |
1 |
|
17/92 (18.5) |
1 |
|
Blood pressure, mm Hg |
|
|
|
|
|
|
≥130/85 |
6/18 (33.3) |
5.06 (1.76–14.55) |
<0.01 |
11/18 (41.5) |
4.71 (1.76–12.60) |
<0.01 |
<130/85 |
27/300 (9.0) |
1 |
|
75/300 (21.0) |
1 |
|
AMH, pmol/L |
|
|
|
|
|
|
≥36.8 |
12/94 (12.8) |
1.42 (0.67–3.01) |
0.37 |
39/94 (41.5) |
2.67 (1.59–4.50) |
<0.01 |
<36.8 |
21/224 (9.4) |
1 |
|
47/224 (21.0) |
1 |
|
LH, IU/L |
|
|
|
|
|
|
>10 |
10/145 (6.9) |
0.48 (0.22–1.05) |
0.06 |
34/145 (23.4) |
0.71 (0.43–1.18) |
0.19 |
≤10 |
23/173 (13.3) |
1 |
|
52/173 (30.1) |
1 |
|
LH/FSH |
|
|
|
|
|
|
>2 |
10/134 (7.5) |
0.69 (0.41–1.19) |
0.19 |
36/134 (26.9) |
0.98 (0.59–1.61) |
0.93 |
≤2 |
23/184 (12.0) |
1 |
|
50/183 (27.3) |
1 |
|
Testosterone, nmol/L |
|
|
|
|
|
|
>2.8 |
0/11 (0) |
NA |
0.25 |
4/11 (36.4) |
1.57 (0.45–5.50) |
0.48 |
≤2.8 |
33/307 (10.7) |
NA |
|
82/307 (26.7) |
1 |
|
Triglycerides, mmol/L |
|
|
|
|
|
|
≥1.7 |
26/65 (40.0) |
23.43 (9.52–57.65) |
<0.01 |
51/65 (78.5) |
22.69 (11.37–45.27) |
<0.01 |
<1.7 |
7/253 (2.8) |
1 |
|
35/253 (13.8) |
1 |
|
Cholesterol, mmol/L |
|
|
|
|
|
|
≥5.2 |
16/66 (24.2) |
4.42 (2.09–9.34) |
<0.01 |
26/66 (39.4) |
2.08 (1.17–3.69) |
0.01 |
<5.2 |
17/252 (6.7) |
1 |
|
60/252 (23.8) |
1 |
|
≥3.3 |
18/89 (20.2) |
3.62 (1.73–7.55) |
|
38/89 (42.7) |
2.81 (1.66–4.76) |
<0.01 |
<3.3 |
15/229 (6.6) |
1 |
<0.01 |
48/229 (21.0) |
1 |
|
HDL-C, mmol/L |
|
|
|
|
|
|
<1.3 |
31/137 (22.6) |
26.18 (6.14–111.58) |
|
75/137 (54.7) |
18.70 (9.32–37.51) |
<0.01 |
≥1.3 |
2/181 (1.1) |
1 |
<0.01 |
11/181 (6.1) |
1 |
|
Fasting glucose, mmol/L |
|
|
|
|
|
|
≥5.6 |
18/43 (41.9) |
12.48 (5.62–27.74) |
|
21/43 (48.8) |
3.08 (1.59–5.96) |
<0.01 |
<5.6 |
15/275 (5.5) |
1 |
<0.01 |
65/275 (23.6) |
1 |
|
2-Hour OGTT, mmol/L |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.8–11.0 |
13/75 (17.3) |
2.24 (1.10–4.96) |
|
51/75 (68.0) |
12.63 (6.91–23.08) |
<0.01 |
<7.8 |
20/243 (8.2) |
1 |
0.02 |
35/243 (14.4) |
1 |
|