3. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes: 2012. Diabetes Care 2012;35(Suppl 1):S11-S63.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
4. Davies MJ, D'Alessio DA, Fradkin J, Kernan WN, Mathieu C, Mingrone G, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care 2018;41:2669-2701.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PMC]
5. Heerspink HJ, Perkins BA, Fitchett DH, Husain M, Cherney DZ. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the treatment of diabetes mellitus: cardiovascular and kidney effects, potential mechanisms, and clinical applications. Circulation 2016;134:752-772.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
6. Neal B, Perkovic V, Mahaffey KW, de Zeeuw D, Fulcher G, Erondu N, et al. Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2017;377:644-657.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
7. Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, Fitchett D, Bluhmki E, Hantel S, et al. Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2015;373:2117-2128.
[CROSSREF]
8. Kosiborod M, Lam CSP, Kohsaka S, Kim DJ, Karasik A, Shaw J, et al. Cardiovascular events associated with sglt-2 inhibitors versus other glucose-lowering drugs: the CVD-REAL 2 study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;71:2628-2639.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
9. Wiviott SD, Raz I, Bonaca MP, Mosenzon O, Kato ET, Cahn A, et al. Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2019;380:347-357.
[CROSSREF]
10. Zelniker TA, Wiviott SD, Raz I, Im K, Goodrich EL, Bonaca MP, et al. SGLT2 inhibitors for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials. Lancet 2019;393:31-39.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
11. Perrone-Filardi P, Avogaro A, Bonora E, Colivicchi F, Fioretto P, Maggioni AP, et al. Mechanisms linking empagliflozin to cardiovascular and renal protection. Int J Cardiol 2017;241:450-456.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
12. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA warns about rare occurrences of a serious infection of the genital area with SGLT2 inhibitors for diabetes [Internet]. Silver Spring: FDA; 2018. cited 2019 Feb 5. Available from:
https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm617360.htm.
13. Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, Zhang YL, Castro AF 3rd, Feldman HI, et al. A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med 2009;150:604-612.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PMC]
14. Bailey CJ, Gross JL, Hennicken D, Iqbal N, Mansfield TA, List JF. Dapagliflozin add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 102-week trial. BMC Med 2013;11:43
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PMC] [PDF]
15. Bailey CJ, Gross JL, Pieters A, Bastien A, List JF. Effect of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycaemic control with metformin: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2010;375:2223-2233.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
16. Henry RR, Murray AV, Marmolejo MH, Hennicken D, Ptaszynska A, List JF. Dapagliflozin, metformin XR, or both: initial pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes, a randomised controlled trial. Int J Clin Pract 2012;66:446-456.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
17. Jabbour SA, Hardy E, Sugg J, Parikh S. Study 10 Group. Dapagliflozin is effective as add-on therapy to sitagliptin with or without metformin: a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Diabetes Care 2014;37:740-750.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
18. Rosenstock J, Vico M, Wei L, Salsali A, List JF. Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA(1c), body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy. Diabetes Care 2012;35:1473-1478.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PMC]
19. Yagi S, Aihara KI, Kondo T, Kurahashi K, Yoshida S, Endo I, et al. Predictors for the treatment effect of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Adv Ther 2018;35:124-134.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PDF]
20. Bolinder J, Ljunggren O, Johansson L, Wilding J, Langkilde AM, Sjostrom CD, et al. Dapagliflozin maintains glycaemic control while reducing weight and body fat mass over 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014;16:159-169.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
21. Wilding J, Bailey C, Rigney U, Blak B, Beekman W, Emmas C. Glycated hemoglobin, body weight and blood pressure in type 2 diabetes patients initiating dapagliflozin treatment in primary care: a retrospective study. Diabetes Ther 2016;7:695-711.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PMC] [PDF]
22. Iemitsu K, Iizuka T, Takihata M, Takai M, Nakajima S, Minami N, et al. Factors influencing changes in hemoglobin a1c and body weight during treatment of type 2 diabetes with ipragliflozin: interim analysis of the ASSIGN-K study. J Clin Med Res 2016;8:373-378.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PMC]
23. Ferrannini E, Ramos SJ, Salsali A, Tang W, List JF. Dapagliflozin monotherapy in type 2 diabetic patients with inadequate glycemic control by diet and exercise: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Diabetes Care 2010;33:2217-2224.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PMC]
24. Matthaei S, Bowering K, Rohwedder K, Grohl A, Parikh S. Study 05 Group. Dapagliflozin improves glycemic control and reduces body weight as add-on therapy to metformin plus sulfonylurea: a 24-week randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Diabetes Care 2015;38:365-372.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
25. Strojek K, Yoon KH, Hruba V, Elze M, Langkilde AM, Parikh S. Effect of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycaemic control with glimepiride: a randomized, 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2011;13:928-938.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
26. Sugiyama S, Jinnouchi H, Kurinami N, Hieshima K, Yoshida A, Jinnouchi K, et al. Dapagliflozin reduces fat mass without affecting muscle mass in type 2 diabetes. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018;25:467-476.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PMC]
27. Bouchi R, Terashima M, Sasahara Y, Asakawa M, Fukuda T, Takeuchi T, et al. Luseogliflozin reduces epicardial fat accumulation in patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017;16:32
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PMC] [PDF]
28. Scheerer MF, Rist R, Proske O, Meng A, Kostev K. Changes in HbA1c, body weight, and systolic blood pressure in type 2 diabetes patients initiating dapagliflozin therapy: a primary care database study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2016;9:337-345.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PMC]
29. Turner RC, Millns H, Neil HA, Stratton IM, Manley SE, Matthews DR, et al. Risk factors for coronary artery disease in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS: 23). BMJ 1998;316:823-828.
[CROSSREF]
30. Cherney DZI, Cooper ME, Tikkanen I, Pfarr E, Johansen OE, Woerle HJ, et al. Pooled analysis of phase III trials indicate contrasting influences of renal function on blood pressure, body weight, and HbA1c reductions with empagliflozin. Kidney Int 2018;93:231-244.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
31. Ptaszynska A, Hardy E, Johnsson E, Parikh S, List J. Effects of dapagliflozin on cardiovascular risk factors. Postgrad Med 2013;125:181-189.
[CROSSREF]
32. Storgaard H, Gluud LL, Bennett C, Grondahl MF, Christensen MB, Knop FK, et al. Benefits and harms of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2016;11:e0166125.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PMC]
33. Kaku K, Kiyosue A, Inoue S, Ueda N, Tokudome T, Yang J, et al. Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin monotherapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by diet and exercise. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014;16:1102-1110.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED]
34. Yabe D, Seino Y, Fukushima M, Seino S. β Cell dysfunction versus insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in East Asians. Curr Diab Rep 2015;15:602
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PDF]
35. Merovci A, Mari A, Solis-Herrera C, Xiong J, Daniele G, Chavez-Velazquez A, et al. Dapagliflozin lowers plasma glucose concentration and improves β-cell function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015;100:1927-1932.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PMC]
36. Merovci A, Solis-Herrera C, Daniele G, Eldor R, Fiorentino TV, Tripathy D, et al. Dapagliflozin improves muscle insulin sensitivity but enhances endogenous glucose production. J Clin Invest 2014;124:509-514.
[CROSSREF] [PUBMED] [PMC]