Supplemental Fig. S1
Comparisons by analysis of variance (ANOVA) of glypican-4 concentration
(ng/mL) in quartiles of patients stratified based on (A) body mass index
(BMI), (B) homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and
(C) HOMA-β in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The mean
HOMA-IR of the quartile groups were: 1st, 0.9±0.1; 2nd,
1.8±0.1; 3rd, 2.9±0.1; and 4th, 6.7±0.7
enm-31-439-s002.pdf
Fig. 1Correlation curves of plasma glypican-4 concentration with (A) age, (B)
active glucagon-like protein 1 (GLP-1), (C) fasting glucose, and (D) aspartate
aminotransferase (AST) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Spearman
correlation coefficients and corresponding P values are
displayed.
Table 1Baseline Characteristics of Patients
Factor |
Value |
Age, yr |
58.1±0.7 |
Female sex, % |
23.8 |
Body mass index,
kg/m2
|
26.1±0.3 |
Waist hip ratio |
1.0±0.0 |
Systolic blood
pressure, mm Hg |
142.5±1.4 |
Diastolic blood pressure,
mm Hg |
84.0±0.9 |
DM duration,
mo |
101.3±7.1 |
Glucose, mg/dL |
140.7±2.9 |
Insulin,
μU/mL |
8.4±0.5 |
C-peptide, ng/mL |
2.2±0.1 |
HbA1c, % |
7.5±0.1 |
HOMA-IR |
1.2±0.1 |
HOMA-β,
% |
44.5±2.4 |
hsCRP, mg/dL |
0.2±0.0 |
Blood urea
nitrogen, mg/dL |
16.4±0.4 |
Creatinine, mg/dL |
1.1±0.0 |
GFR, mL/min/1.73
m2
|
71.2±0.8 |
Total cholesterol,
mg/dL |
167.6±2.7 |
Triglyceride,
mg/dL |
133.7±6.6 |
HDL-C, mg/dL |
48.1±1.0 |
LDL-C, mg/dL |
99.5±2.5 |
AST, IU/L |
27.1±1.22 |
ALT, IU/L |
33.1±1.9 |
γGT, IU/L |
32.3±1.6 |
GLP-1, pmol/L |
5.2±0.3 |
GIP, pmol/L |
3.2±0.3 |
Glypican-4,
ng/mL |
2.0±0.2 |
Adiponectin,
μg/mL |
2.8±0.0 |
IL-6, pg/mL |
9.2±2.5 |
Sulfonylurea, % |
58.7 |
Metformin, % |
77.4 |
Insulin, % |
15.5 |
Statin, % |
51.0 |
Antihypertensive
medication, % |
52.3 |
Table 2Multivariate Analysis to Identify Factors Associated with Glypican-4
Factor |
β |
P value |
Age, yr |
0.224 |
0.009 |
Female sex |
–0.015 |
0.862 |
BMI,
kg/m2
|
–0.057 |
0.515 |
Glucose, mg/dL |
–0.097 |
0.258 |
HOMA-IR
(quartiles) |
–0.123 |
0.185 |
AST, IU/L |
–0.176 |
0.043 |
ALT, IU/L |
–0.040 |
0.779 |
Active GLP-1, pmol/L |
0.171 |
0.049 |