Kim et al. (2020) [26] |
Korea |
Community dwelling |
Overt |
Overt: 48.5 Control: 48.5 |
1,239,441 |
59,021 |
IHD and stroke |
Okosieme et al. (2019) [32] |
England |
Community dwelling |
Overt |
Overt: 48±16 Control: 48±16 |
20,945 |
4,189 |
IHD, stroke, and HF |
Langen et al. (2018) [28] |
Finland |
Community dwelling |
Subclinical |
Subclinical: 56.8±16.5 Control: 50.5±13.8 |
5,211 |
108 |
IHD and stroke |
Ryodi et al. (2018) [17] |
Finland |
Community dwelling |
Overt |
49 (35–63) |
24,580 |
6,148 |
IHD, stroke, HF, and CV mortality |
Journy et al. (2017) [25] |
United States |
Community dwelling |
Overt |
Overt: <60 years Control: <60 years |
75,076 |
1,501 |
CV mortality |
Giesecke et al. (2017) [21] |
Sweden |
Community dwelling |
Overt |
Overt: 61.3 Control: 49.1 |
15,924 |
12,239 |
CV mortality |
Martin et al. (2017) [29] |
United States |
Community dwelling |
Overt, subclinical |
Overt: 56.7±5.8 Subclinical: 56.2±5.7 Control: 56.5±5.7 |
11,359 |
Overt: 206 Subclinical: 378 |
IHD and stroke |
Pearce et al. (2016) [33] |
United Kingdom |
Community dwelling |
Subclinical |
85.5±0.4 |
643 |
19 |
CV mortality |
Bruere et al. (2015) [9] |
France |
High CVD risk (A-fib patients) |
Overt |
Overt: 71±14 Control: 68±13 |
8,962 |
141 |
Stroke |
Geng et al. (2015) [20] |
China |
High CVD risk (type 2 diabetes) |
Subclinical |
Subclinical: 57.5±14.7 Control: 58.8±13.5 |
1,115 |
74 |
IHD |
la Cour et al. (2015) [27] |
Denmark |
Community dwelling |
Overt |
Overt: 61.9±14.3 Control: 61.0±14.2 |
25,562 |
4,000 |
Stroke |
Yang et al. (2015) [42] |
Taiwan |
Community dwelling |
Overt |
Overt: 40.9±14.3 Control: 41.3±14.5 |
68,462 |
16,808 |
Stroke |
Chen et al. (2014) [13] |
China |
High CVD risk (A-fib patients) |
Overt |
Overt: 55.1±1.7 Control: 59.4±1.1 |
269 |
62 |
Stroke |
Drechsler et al. (2014) [16] |
Germany |
High CVD risk (diabetic hemodialysis) |
Subclinical |
Subclinical: 66.9±7.9 Control: 65.3±8.5 |
1,000 |
137 |
IHD and stroke |
Perez et al. (2014) [34] |
Europe, multicenter |
High CVD risk (heart failure) |
Subclinical |
Subclinical: 72.9±6.2 Control: 72.6±7.1 |
4,987 |
175 |
HF and CV mortality |
Brandt et al. (2013) [8] |
Denmark |
Community dwelling |
Overt |
Graves’ disease: 55 (18–96) Toxic nodular goiter: 62 (18–96) |
10,760 |
2,152 |
CV mortality |
Ceresini et al. (2013) [11] |
Italy |
Community dwelling |
Subclinical |
>65 years |
951 |
83 |
CV mortality |
Asvold et al. (2012) [5] |
Norway |
Community dwelling |
Subclinical |
Male: 53 (46–65) Female: 54 (47–67) |
26,707 |
524 |
IHD and HF |
Nanchen et al. (2012) [31] |
Europe, multicenter |
High CVD risk (CVD patients) |
Subclinical |
Subclinical: 75.3±3.1 Control: 75.3±3.4 |
5,316 |
71 |
IHD, HF, and CV mortality |
Waring et al. (2012) [41] |
United States |
Community dwelling |
Subclinical |
Subclinical: 74.1 Control: 73.6 |
1,587 |
41 |
CV mortality |
Molinaro et al. (2012) [30] |
Italy |
High CVD risk |
Subclinical |
Subclinical: 69.3 (65–73) Control: 65 (64–66) |
1,026 |
23 |
CV mortality |
de Jongh et al. (2011) [15] |
Netherland |
Community dwelling |
Subclinical |
Subclinical: 77.7±7.0 Control: 75.5±6.5 |
1,219 |
34 |
CV mortality |
Schultz et al. (2011) [36] |
Denmark |
High CVD risk (type 2 diabetes) |
Subclinical |
Subclinical: 74±10 Control: 67.5±10.5 |
609 |
25 |
Stroke and CV mortality |
Boekholdt et al. (2010) [7] |
United Kingdom |
Community dwelling |
Subclinical |
Subclinical: 59±10 Control: 58±9 |
11,554 |
216 |
IHD |
Ittermann et al. (2010) [24] |
German |
Community dwelling |
Overt, subclinical |
Subclinical: 61 (48–69) Overt: NA Control: 48 (35–62) |
3,651 |
Subclinical: 243 Overt: 27 |
CV mortality |
Sheu et al. (2010) [38] |
Taiwan |
Community dwelling |
Overt |
Overt: 32.1±7.4 Control: 32.1±7.5 |
28,584 |
3,176 |
Stroke |
Sgarbi et al. (2010) [37] |
Brazil |
Community dwelling |
Subclinical |
Subclinical: 61.4±12.5 Control: 56.4±12.4 |
1,110 |
69 |
CV mortality |
Siu et al. (2009) [39] |
Hong Kong |
High CVD risk (A-fib patients) |
Overt |
Overt: 64.7±1.3 Control: 64.7±1.1 |
480 |
160 |
Stroke |
Volzke et al. (2009) [40] |
Germany |
High CVD risk (IHD patients) |
Subclinical |
Subclinical: 62.0±7.9 Control: 61.0±8.0 |
942 |
118 |
CV mortality |
Rodondi et al. (2008) [35] |
United States |
Community dwelling |
Subclinical |
Subclinical: 73.8±6.9 Control: 72.5±5.5 |
3,044 |
44 |
HF |
Bauer et al. (2007) [6] |
United States |
Community dwelling |
Overt |
Overt: 72.3±5.6 Control: 71.6± 5.3 |
9,449 |
891 |
CV mortality |
Iervasi et al. (2007) [23] |
Italy |
High CVD (IHD patients) |
Subclinical |
Subclinical: 60.5 (59–62) Control: 59.9 (59–60) |
3,121 |
98 |
CV mortality, IHD |
Cappola et al. (2006) [10] |
United States |
Community dwelling |
Subclinical |
Subclinical: 73.9±6.8 Control: 72.6±5.6 |
3,233 |
31 |
IHD, stroke, and CV mortality |
Qureshi et al. (2006) [44] |
United States |
Community dwelling |
Overt |
48±14 |
5,269 |
34 |
Stroke |
Walsh et al. (2005) [46] |
Australia |
Community dwelling |
Subclinical |
Subclinical: 51.3±14.9 Control: 49.2±17.0 |
2,108 |
37 |
IHD and CV mortality |
Gussekloo et al. (2004) [22] |
Netherland |
Community dwelling |
Subclinical |
>85 years |
558 |
19 |
CV mortality, IHD |
Parle et al. (2001) [43] |
United Kingdom |
Community dwelling |
Subclinical |
Male 70.1 (69.6–70.6) Female 70.7 (70.2–71.4) |
1,191 |
71 |
CV mortality |