Endocrinology and Metabolism

Review Article

Adrenal gland
The Fascinating Interplay between Growth Hormone, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1, and Insulin: Eline C. Nijenhuis-Noort, Kirsten A. Berk, Sebastian J. C. M. M. Neggers, Aart J. van der Lely; Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(1):83-89. Published online January 9, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.101

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This review intends to provide the reader with a practical overview of several (patho)physiological conditions in which knowledge of the interplay between growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and insulin is important. This might help treating physicians in making the right decisions on how to intervene and improve metabolism for the benefit of patients, and to understand why and how metabolism responds in their specific cases. We will specifically address the interplay between GH, IGF-1, and insulin in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis, and acromegaly as examples in which this knowledge is truly necessary.

Citations

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IGF-1 and IGF-2 as Molecules Linked to Causes and Consequences of Obesity from Fetal Life to Adulthood: A Systematic Review
Justyna Szydlowska-Gladysz, Adrianna Edyta Gorecka, Julia Stepien, Izabela Rysz, Iwona Ben-Skowronek
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(7): 3966. CrossRef

Original Article

Clinical Study
Efficacy and Safety of the Novel Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Gemigliptin in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis: Deep Dutta, Anshita Agarwal, Indira Maisnam, Rajiv Singla, Deepak Khandelwal, Meha Sharma; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(2):374-387. Published online April 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.818

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Background
No meta-analysis has holistically analysed and summarised the efficacy and safety of gemigliptin in type 2 diabetes. The meta-analysis addresses this knowledge gap.
Methods
Electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving diabetes patients receiving gemigliptin in the intervention arm and placebo/active comparator in the control arm. The primary outcome was change in haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). The secondary outcomes were alterations in glucose, glycaemic targets, lipids, insulin resistance, and adverse events.
Results
Data from 10 RCTs involving 1,792 patients were analysed. Four had an active control group (ACG), with metformin/dapagliflozin/sitagliptin/glimepiride as the active comparator; six had a passive control group (PCG), with placebo/rosuvastatin as controls. HbA1c reduction by gemigliptin at 24 weeks was comparable to ACG (mean difference [MD], 0.09%; 95% confidence interval [CI], –0.06 to 0.23; P=0.24; I²=0%; moderate certainty of evidence [MCE]), but superior to PCG (MD, –0.91%; 95% CI, –1.18 to –0.63); P<0.01; I²=89%; high certainty of evidence [HCE]). Gemigliptin was superior to PCG regarding achieving HbA1c <7% (12 weeks: odds ratio [OR], 5.91; 95% CI, 1.34 to 26.08; P=0.02; I²=74%; 24 weeks: OR, 4.48; 95% CI, 2.09 to 9.60; P<0.01; I²=69%; HCE). Gemigliptin was comparable to ACG regarding achieving HbA1c <7% after 24 weeks (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.52 to 1.63; P=0.77; I²=66%; MCE). Adverse events were similar between the gemigliptin and control groups (risk ratio [RR], 1.06; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.36; P=0.66; I²=35%; HCE). The gemigliptin group did not have increased hypoglycaemia (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.62 to 2.28; P=0.61; I²=19%; HCE).
Conclusion
Gemigliptin has good glycaemic efficacy and is well-tolerated over 6 months of use.

Citations

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Hyperprolactinemia Due to Prolactinoma has an Adverse Impact on Bone Health with Predominant Impact on Trabecular Bone: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Lakshmi Nagendra, Deep Dutta, Sunetra Mondal, Nitin Kapoor, Ameya Joshi, Saptarshi Bhattacharya
Journal of Clinical Densitometry.2024; 27(1): 101453. CrossRef
Impact of early initiation of ezetimibe in patients with acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Kunal Mahajan, Lakshmi Nagendra, Anil Dhall, Deep Dutta
European Journal of Internal Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of dorzagliatin, a novel glucokinase activators, in the treatment of T2DM: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Yuqian Wu, Kai Wang, Jingyang Su, Xin Liu
Medicine.2024; 103(8): e36916. CrossRef
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Post-bariatric Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Deep Dutta, Lakshmi Nagendra, Ameya Joshi, Suryashri Krishnasamy, Meha Sharma, Naresh Parajuli
Obesity Surgery.2024; 34(5): 1653. CrossRef
Orforglipron, a novel non‐peptide oral daily glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist as an anti‐obesity medicine: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Deep Dutta, Lakshmi Nagendra, Beatrice Anne, Manoj Kumar, Meha Sharma, A. B. M. Kamrul‐Hasan
Obesity Science & Practice.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of novel dual glucokinase activator dorzagliatin in type-2 diabetes A meta-analysis
Deep Dutta, Deepak Khandelwal, Manoj Kumar, Meha Sharma
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2023; 17(1): 102695. CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of novel thiazolidinedione lobeglitazone for managing type-2 diabetes a meta-analysis
Deep Dutta, Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Manoj Kumar, Priyankar K. Datta, Ritin Mohindra, Meha Sharma
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2023; 17(1): 102697. CrossRef
Effects of Initial Combinations of Gemigliptin Plus Metformin Compared with Glimepiride Plus Metformin on Gut Microbiota and Glucose Regulation in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The INTESTINE Study
Soo Lim, Minji Sohn, Jose C. Florez, Michael A. Nauck, Jiyoung Ahn
Nutrients.2023; 15(1): 248. CrossRef
Systematic review and meta-analysis of teneligliptin for treatment of type 2 diabetes
R. Pelluri, S. Kongara, V. R. Nagasubramanian, S. Mahadevan, J. Chimakurthy
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation.2023; 46(5): 855. CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of enavogliflozin versus dapagliflozin added to metformin plus gemigliptin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes: A double-blind, randomized, comparator-active study: ENHANCE-D study
Kyung-Soo Kim, Kyung Ah Han, Tae Nyun Kim, Cheol-Young Park, Jung Hwan Park, Sang Yong Kim, Yong Hyun Kim, Kee Ho Song, Eun Seok Kang, Chul Sik Kim, Gwanpyo Koh, Jun Goo Kang, Mi Kyung Kim, Ji Min Han, Nan Hee Kim, Ji Oh Mok, Jae Hyuk Lee, Soo Lim, Sang S
Diabetes & Metabolism.2023; 49(4): 101440. CrossRef
Verapamil improves One-Year C-Peptide Levels in Recent Onset Type-1 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis
Deep Dutta, Lakshmi Nagendra, Nishant Raizada, Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Meha Sharma
Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 27(3): 192. CrossRef
Role of novel sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor enavogliflozin in type-2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Deep Dutta, B.G. Harish, Beatrice Anne, Lakshmi Nagendra
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2023; 17(8): 102816. CrossRef
Semaglutide and cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Lakshmi Nagendra, Harish BG, Meha Sharma, Deep Dutta
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2023; 17(9): 102834. CrossRef
Efficacy and Safety of Novel Thiazolidinedione Rivoglitazone in Type-2 Diabetes a Meta-Analysis
Deep Dutta, Jyoti Kadian, Indira Maisnam, Ashok Kumar, Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Meha Sharma
Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 27(4): 286. CrossRef
Impact of early initiation of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors in patients with acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review meta-analysis
Lakshmi Nagendra, Kunal Mahajan, Gunjan Gupta, Deep Dutta
Indian Heart Journal.2023; 75(6): 416. CrossRef
Optimal use of once weekly icodec insulin in type-2 diabetes: An updated meta-analysis of phase-2 and phase-3 randomized controlled trials
Deep Dutta, Lakshmi Nagendra, Sowrabha Bhat, Ritin Mohindra, Vineet Surana, Anoop Misra
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2023; 17(10): 102877. CrossRef
Impact of Enhanced External Counter-pulsation Therapy on Glycaemic Control in People With Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Lakshmi Nagendra, Deep Dutta, Meha Sharma, Harish Bg
touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology.2023; 19(2): 8. CrossRef
Role of Novel Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Analogue Polyethylene Glycol Loxenatide in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Deep Dutta, Subhankar Chatterjee, Priyankar K. Datta, Ritin Mohindra, Meha Sharma
Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 27(5): 377. CrossRef
Efficacy and Safety of Ultra-rapid Lispro Insulin in Managing Type-1 and Type-2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Deep Dutta, Lakshmi Nagendra, Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Meha Sharma
Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 27(6): 467. CrossRef
Safety and efficacy of once weekly dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor trelagliptin in type-2 diabetes: A meta-analysis
Deep Dutta, Ritin Mohindra, Vineet Surana, Meha Sharma
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2022; 16(4): 102469. CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine for managing glycemia in type-2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
D Dutta, R Jindal, D Mehta, M Kumar, M Sharma
Journal of Postgraduate Medicine.2022; 68(2): 85. CrossRef
Gemigliptin exerts protective effects against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting apoptosis via the regulation of fibroblast growth factor 21 expression
Kyeong-Min Lee, Yeo Jin Hwang, Gwon-Soo Jung
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.2022; 626: 135. CrossRef
Reporting and methodological quality of systematic reviews of DPP-4 inhibitors for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an evidence-based mapping
Zouxi Du, Tingting Lu, Mingdong Gao, Limin Tian
Acta Diabetologica.2022; 59(12): 1539. CrossRef
Ranirestat improves electrophysiologic but not clinical measures of diabetic polyneuropathy: A meta-analysis
Deep Dutta, Ritin Mohindra, Manoj Kumar, Ashok Kumar, Meha Sharma
Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 26(5): 399. CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of novel twincretin tirzepatide a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist in the management of type-2 diabetes: A Cochrane meta-analysis
Deep Dutta, Vineet Surana, Rajiv Singla, Sameer Aggarwal, Meha Sharma
Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 25(6): 475. CrossRef

Review Article

Miscellaneous
Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Monitoring in the Surgical Management of Sporadic Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Zahra F. Khan, John I. Lew; Endocrinol Metab. 2019;34(4):327-339. Published online December 23, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2019.34.4.327

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Intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring (IPM) has been shown to be a useful adjunct during parathyroidectomy to ensure operative success at many specialized medical centers worldwide. Using the Miami or “>50% intraoperative PTH drop” criterion, IPM confirms the complete excision of all hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue before the operation is finished, and helps guide the surgeon to identify additional hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands that may necessitate further extensive neck exploration when intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels do not drop sufficiently. The intraoperative PTH assay is also used to differentiate parathyroid from non-parathyroid tissues during operations using fine needle aspiration samples and to lateralize the side of the neck harboring the hypersecreting parathyroid through differential jugular venous sampling when preoperative localization studies are negative or equivocal. The use of IPM underscores the recognition and understanding of sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism (SPHPT) as a disease of function rather than form, where the surgeon is better equipped to treat such patients with quantitative instead of qualitative information for durable long-term operative success. There has been a significant paradigm shift over the last 2 decades from conventional to focused parathyroidectomy guided by IPM. This approach has proven to be a safe and rapid operation requiring minimal dissection performed in an ambulatory setting for the treatment of SPHPT.

Citations

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Intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring in parathyroidectomy for hyperparathyroidism: a protocol for a network meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy
Phillip Staibano, Kevin Um, Sheila Yu, Mohit Bhandari, Michael K. Gupta, Michael Au, JEM (Ted) Young, Han Zhang
Frontiers in Surgery.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Saba Kurtom, Sally E. Carty
Surgical Clinics of North America.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Characteristics, management and outcomes of primary hyperparathyroidism from 2009 to 2021: a single centre report from South Africa
Kamal Govind, Imran M. Paruk, Ayesha A. Motala
BMC Endocrine Disorders.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism: A retrospective analysis of localization, surgical characteristics, and treatment outcomes
Dongbin Ahn, Ji Hye Kwak, Gil Joon Lee, Jin Ho Sohn
Asian Journal of Surgery.2023; 46(2): 788. CrossRef
Magnitude of parathyroid hormone elevation in primary hyperparathyroidism: Does time of day matter?
C. Corbin Frye, Janessa Sullivan, Sai Anusha Sanka, Jingxia Liu, L. Michael Brunt, William Gillanders, Taylor C. Brown, T.K. Pandian
Surgery.2023; 173(3): 659. CrossRef
Analysis of intraoperative laboratory measurements and imaging techniques such as Tc-99 m-MIBI SPECT/CT, 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT and ultrasound in patients operated with prediagnosis of parathyroid adenoma
Nurullah Bilen, Mehmet Avni Gokalp, Latif Yilmaz, Alper Aytekin, Ilyas Baskonus
Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -).2023; 192(4): 1695. CrossRef
Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Monitoring Is of Limited Usefulness in Guiding Autotransplantation in Reoperative or Subtotal Parathyroidectomy for Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Bradley A. Richards, Robert A. Vierkant, Benzon M. Dy, Trenton R. Foster, Travis J. McKenzie, Melanie L. Lyden
The American Surgeon™.2023; 89(12): 5421. CrossRef
Does 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT add value to positive parathyroid scintigraphy in the presurgical assessment of primary hyperparathyroidism?
Alessio Imperiale, Jacob Bani, Gianluca Bottoni, Adrien Latgé, Céline Heimburger, Ugo Catrambone, Michel Vix, Giorgio Treglia, Arnoldo Piccardo
Frontiers in Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Intraoperative Identification of Thyroid and Parathyroid Tissues During Human Endocrine Surgery Using the MasSpec Pen
Rachel J. DeHoog, Mary E. King, Michael F. Keating, Jialing Zhang, Marta Sans, Clara L. Feider, Kyana Y. Garza, Alena Bensussan, Anna Krieger, John Q. Lin, Sunil Badal, Elizabeth Alore, Christopher Pirko, Kirtan Brahmbhatt, Wendong Yu, Raymon Grogan, Livi
JAMA Surgery.2023; 158(10): 1050. CrossRef
A Rare Case of Recurrent Parathyroid Adenomas After Initial Parathyroidectomy
Grant N Schalet, Luke Vincent, Carl Eguez, Gerardo Diaz, Mark S Shachner
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Surgical treatment of tertiary hyperparathyroidism: does one fit for all?
Claudio Casella, Claudio Guarneri, Manuela Campanile, Xavier Adhoute, Pier Paolo Gelera, Riccardo Morandi
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
A >50% Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Decrease Into Normal Reference Range Predicts Complete Excision of Malignancy in Patients With Parathyroid Carcinoma
Valerie L. Armstrong, Tanaz M. Vaghaiwalla, Cima Saghira, Cheng-Bang Chen, Yujie Wang, Johan Anantharaj, Mehmet Ackin, John I. Lew
Journal of Surgical Research.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism
Murilo Catafesta das Neves, Rodrigo Oliveira Santos, Monique Nakayama Ohe
Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 66(5): 678. CrossRef
Використання інтраопераційного моніторингу рівня паратиреоїдного гормону в мінімально інвазивній хірургії щитоподібної та паращитоподібних залоз
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Diagnostic Values of Intraoperative (1-84) Parathyroid Hormone Levels are Superior to Intact Parathyroid Hormone for Successful Parathyroidectomy in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
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Focused parathyroidectomy without intraoperative parathyroid hormone measurement in primary hyperparathyroidism: Still a valid approach?
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Original Article

Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: 10-Year Experience in a Southeast Asian Population: Marc Gregory Yu, Jonathan Rivera, Cecilia Jimeno; Endocrinol Metab. 2017;32(2):288-295. Published online June 23, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2017.32.2.288

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Abstract PDF PubReader

Background

No previous studies have been published on poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) in Southeast Asia.

Methods

We included all adult PDTC patients diagnosed using the Turin criteria at the Philippine General Hospital from 2006 to 2015. The data collected included demographics, clinical presentation, histopathology, treatment, and outcomes. Tests of association were employed to compare these data with foreign studies on PDTC, as well as with local studies on well differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC).

Results

Eighteen PDTC cases were identified. The median age was 62 years old, with the majority being females. All patients had goiter on presentation, and most were stage IV at the time of diagnosis. In terms of PDTC subtype, insular and trabecular patterns were equally common. Extrathyroidal extension was documented in eight patients, while five patients each had nodal and distant metastasis. All but one patient underwent surgery; however, less than half received adjuvant radioiodine therapy. The 5-year survival rate was 83%. Three patients (16.7%) died at a median of 12 months after diagnosis. Nine (50%) are still alive with persistent and/or recurrent disease at a median of 39 months after diagnosis.

Conclusion

The behavior of PDTC in this Southeast Asian population was found to be similar to patterns observed in other regions, and exhibited intermediate features between WDTC and ATC. Appropriate surgery provided excellent 5-year survival rates, but the role of adjuvant therapy remains unclear. Larger studies are needed to identify prognostic factors in this population.

Citations

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Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas: conceptual controversy and clinical impact
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