Endocrinology and Metabolism

Most-read articles are from the articles published in 2022 during the last three month.

Review Articles

Adrenal gland
The Fascinating Interplay between Growth Hormone, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1, and Insulin: Eline C. Nijenhuis-Noort, Kirsten A. Berk, Sebastian J. C. M. M. Neggers, Aart J. van der Lely; Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(1):83-89. Published online January 9, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.101

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This review intends to provide the reader with a practical overview of several (patho)physiological conditions in which knowledge of the interplay between growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and insulin is important. This might help treating physicians in making the right decisions on how to intervene and improve metabolism for the benefit of patients, and to understand why and how metabolism responds in their specific cases. We will specifically address the interplay between GH, IGF-1, and insulin in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis, and acromegaly as examples in which this knowledge is truly necessary.

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IGF-1 and IGF-2 as Molecules Linked to Causes and Consequences of Obesity from Fetal Life to Adulthood: A Systematic Review
Justyna Szydlowska-Gladysz, Adrianna Edyta Gorecka, Julia Stepien, Izabela Rysz, Iwona Ben-Skowronek
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(7): 3966. CrossRef
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling in Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Strategies
Jie Miao, Yanli Zhang, Chen Su, Qiandan Zheng, Junhong Guo
Molecular Neurobiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Thyroid
Update from the 2022 World Health Organization Classification of Thyroid Tumors: A Standardized Diagnostic Approach: Chan Kwon Jung, Andrey Bychkov, Kennichi Kakudo; Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(5):703-718. Published online October 4, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1553

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2,579 Download
78 Web of Science
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Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

The fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) histologic classification of thyroid neoplasms released in 2022 includes newly recognized tumor types, subtypes, and a grading system. Follicular cell-derived neoplasms are categorized into three families (classes): benign tumors, low-risk neoplasms, and malignant neoplasms. The terms “follicular nodular disease” and “differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma” are introduced to account for multifocal hyperplastic/neoplastic lesions and differentiated thyroid carcinomas with high-grade features, respectively. The term “Hürthle cells” is replaced with “oncocytic cells.” Invasive encapsulated follicular and cribriform morular variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are now redefined as distinct tumor types, given their different genetic alterations and clinicopathologic characteristics from other PTC subtypes. The term “variant” to describe a subclass of tumor has been replaced with the term “subtype.” Instead, the term “variant” is reserved to describe genetic alterations. A histologic grading system based on the mitotic count, necrosis, and/or the Ki67 index is used to identify high-grade follicular-cell derived carcinomas and medullary thyroid carcinomas. The 2022 WHO classification introduces the following new categories: “salivary gland-type carcinomas of the thyroid” and “thyroid tumors of uncertain histogenesis.” This review summarizes the major changes in the 2022 WHO classification and their clinical relevance.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Canine follicular cell and medullary thyroid carcinomas: Immunohistochemical characterization
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Veterinary Pathology.2024; 61(4): 524. CrossRef
Clinicopathological features of differentiated thyroid carcinoma as predictors of the effects of radioactive iodine therapy
Wen Liu, Beibei Jiang, Jingli Xue, Ruijing Liu, Yuqing Wei, Peifeng Li
Annals of Diagnostic Pathology.2024; 69: 152243. CrossRef
Management of aggressive variants of papillary thyroid cancer
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Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head & Neck Surgery.2024; 32(2): 125. CrossRef
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Endocrine Pathology.2024; 35(1): 40. CrossRef
Review of the 2023 World Congress on Thyroid Cancer (WCTC 2023, London): is there light at the end of the tunnel for patients with neglected cancer?
S.M. Cherenko
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine).2024; 19(8): 609. CrossRef
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Lindsay A. Bischoff, Ian Ganly, Laura Fugazzola, Erin Buczek, William C. Faquin, Bryan R. Haugen, Bryan McIver, Caitlin P. McMullen, Kate Newbold, Daniel J. Rocke, Marika D. Russell, Mabel Ryder, Peter M. Sadow, Eric Sherman, Maisie Shindo, David C. Shonk
JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery.2024; 150(3): 265. CrossRef
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Hassan Alzahrani
International Journal of General Medicine.2024; Volume 17: 135. CrossRef
Pathologie thyroïdienne. Actualités et problèmes pratiques. Introduction
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Annales de Pathologie.2024; 44(2): 90. CrossRef
Diagnostic implication of thyroid spherules for cytological diagnosis of thyroid nodules
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Cytopathology.2024; 35(3): 383. CrossRef
Aggressive Primary Thyroid Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma with Extensive Pulmonary Involvement
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Biomedicines.2024; 12(2): 285. CrossRef
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Pathology - Research and Practice.2024; 254: 155156. CrossRef
Hürthle cell (Oncocytic) carcinoma – Is hemithyroidectomy enough?
Taylor O. Julsrud, Trenton R. Foster, Robert A. Vierkant, Melanie L. Lyden, Travis J. McKenzie, Mabel Ryder, Benzon M. Dy
Surgical Oncology Insight.2024; 1(1): 100010. CrossRef
Échographie des carcinomes thyroïdiens différenciés de souche folliculaire
P.Y. Marcy, M. Tassart, J.G. Marchand, J. Sanglier, A. Bizeau, E. Ghanassia
Journal d'imagerie diagnostique et interventionnelle.2024; 7(2): 54. CrossRef
Differentiating BRAF V600E- and RAS-like alterations in encapsulated follicular patterned tumors through histologic features: a validation study
Chankyung Kim, Shipra Agarwal, Andrey Bychkov, Jen-Fan Hang, Agnes Stephanie Harahap, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Kennichi Kakudo, Somboon Keelawat, Chih-Yi Liu, Zhiyan Liu, Truong Phan-Xuan Nguyen, Chanchal Rana, Huy Gia Vuong, Yun Zhu, Chan Kwon Jung
Virchows Archiv.2024; 484(4): 645. CrossRef
Cas no5. High-grade Tall cell papillary carcinoma
Myriam Decaussin-Petrucci
Annales de Pathologie.2024; 44(2): 114. CrossRef
Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid Has a Molecular Genetic Profile Distinct From That of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
Meihua Ye, Zhenying Guo, Jingjing Xu, Yanling Jin, Xianglei He, Minghua Ge
American Journal of Surgical Pathology.2024; 48(8): 1024. CrossRef
Current and future of immunotherapy for thyroid cancer based on bibliometrics and clinical trials
Ke Wang, Ying Zhang, Yang Xing, Hong Wang, Minghua He, Rui Guo
Discover Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Cas no6. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, epidermoid subtype
Myriam Decaussin-Petrucci
Annales de Pathologie.2024; 44(2): 120. CrossRef
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma With Lymphoepithelial Features and Lacking Association With Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV): A Rare Case
Ahmed Bendari, Saroja Devi Geetha, Reham Al-Refai, Xuelin Zhong, Sunder Sham, Manju Harshan
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical and morphological features and unsolved issues in diagnosis of aggressive forms of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Denis V. Korotovsky, Sergey V. Sergiiko, Sergey A. Lukyanov
Perm Medical Journal.2024; 41(1): 90. CrossRef
Finding possible diagnostic markers for differentiating benign and malignant thyroid tumors on example investigate of rheological properties1
I. Javakhishvili, T. Sanikidze, K. Mardaleishvili, N. Momtselidze, T. Urdulashvili, M. Mantskava, L. Prantl, F. Jung
Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation.2024; 87(4): 515. CrossRef
Unraveling the Significance of DGCR8 and miRNAs in Thyroid Carcinoma
Lia Rodrigues, Arnaud Da Cruz Paula, Paula Soares, João Vinagre
Cells.2024; 13(7): 561. CrossRef
Management of Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Cancer and Differentiated High-Grade Thyroid Carcinoma
Iram S. Alam, Kepal N. Patel
Surgical Clinics of North America.2024; 104(4): 751. CrossRef
What’s new in thyroid pathology 2024: updates from the new WHO classification and bethesda system
Andrey Bychkov, Chan Kwon Jung
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2024; 58(2): 98. CrossRef
Ultrasound–Histopathological Presentation of Thyroid and Ovary Lesions in Adolescent Patients with DICER1 Syndrome: Case Reports and Literature Overview
Dominika Januś, Monika Kujdowicz, Konrad Kaleta, Kamil Możdżeń, Jan Radliński, Anna Taczanowska-Niemczuk, Aleksandra Kiszka-Wiłkojć, Marcin Maślanka, Wojciech Górecki, Jerzy B. Starzyk
Children.2024; 11(4): 403. CrossRef
Surgical treatment of solid variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: Fifteen-year experience of a tertiary center
Katarina Tausanović, Marina Stojanović, Milan Jovanović, Boban Stepanović, Jovan Ilić, Sara Ivaniš, Vladan Živaljević
Medicinska istrazivanja.2024; 57(1): 121. CrossRef
Critical appraisal of the WHO 2022 classification of thyroid cancer
Mithraa Devi Sekar, Debasis Gochhait, Sadishkumar Kamalanathan
Thyroid Research and Practice.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Patterns in the Reporting of Aggressive Histologic Subtypes in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Yeon J. Lee, Caitlin E. Egan, Jacques A. Greenberg, Teagan Marshall, Abhinay Tumati, Brendan M. Finnerty, Toni Beninato, Rasa Zarnegar, Thomas J. Fahey, Minerva A. Romero Arenas
Journal of Surgical Research.2024; 298: 325. CrossRef
An individualized protein-based prognostic model to stratify pediatric patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
Zhihong Wang, He Wang, Yan Zhou, Lu Li, Mengge Lyu, Chunlong Wu, Tianen He, Lingling Tan, Yi Zhu, Tiannan Guo, Hongkun Wu, Hao Zhang, Yaoting Sun
Nature Communications.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical and Paraclinical Considerations Regarding ki67’s Role in the Management of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma—A Literature Review
Claudiu Peștean, Alexandru Pavel, Doina Piciu
Medicina.2024; 60(5): 769. CrossRef
Can the analysis of chromatin texture and nuclear fractal dimensions serve as effective means to distinguish non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features from other malignancies with follicular pattern in the thyroid?: a s
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Ultrastructural Pathology.2024; 48(4): 310. CrossRef
A Comprehensive Review and Insights into the New Entity of Differentiated High-Grade Thyroid Carcinoma
Agnes Stephanie Harahap, Regina Stefani Roren, Shofiyya Imtiyaz
Current Oncology.2024; 31(6): 3311. CrossRef
Predictive Factors of Radioactive Iodine Therapy Refractoriness in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Majdouline Bel Lakhdar, Ayat Mouaden, Mourad Zekri, Dounia Alami, Hamza Zarouf, Imad Ghfir, Hasnae Guerrouj
World Journal of Nuclear Medicine.2024; 23(03): 185. CrossRef
Korean Thyroid Association Guidelines on the Management of Differentiated Thyroid Cancers; Part I. Initial Management of Differentiated Thyroid Cancers - Chapter 4. Pathological Diagnosis and Staging after Thyroidectomy 2024
Su-Jin Shin, Hee Young Na, Ho-Cheol Kang, Sun Wook Kim, Dong Gyu Na, Young Joo Park, Young Shin Song, Eun Kyung Lee, Dong-Jun Lim, Yun Jae Chung, Chan Kwon Jung
International Journal of Thyroidology.2024; 17(1): 61. CrossRef
Management of Parapharyngeal Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Via a Combined Trans-Cervical and Trans-Oral Robotic Approach
Clémentine Hyvrard, Florent Couineau, Tiffany Rigal, Serena Louerat, Stéphane Hans, Robin Baudouin
Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology.2024; 133(9): 823. CrossRef
Eggshell Calcifications at Thyroid Ultrasound: A Sample-focused Analysis of Cytological Findings and Post-thyroidectomy Pathological Correlates
Florentina Ioniţă Radu, Ana M. Gheorghe , Oana C. Sima , Mara Carsote , Claudiu Nistor
Romanian Journal of Military Medicine.2024; 127(6): 428. CrossRef
Biomarkers in Thyroid Cancer: Emerging Opportunities from Non-Coding RNAs and Mitochondrial Space
Patricio Cabané, Claudio Correa, Ignacio Bode, Rodrigo Aguilar, Alvaro A. Elorza
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(12): 6719. CrossRef
Estrogen-related receptor alpha promotes thyroid tumor cell survival via a tumor subtype-specific regulation of target gene networks
Wenjing Chen, Young Shin Song, Han Sai Lee, Chien-Wei Lin, Junguee Lee, Yea Eun Kang, Seon-Kyu Kim, Seon-Young Kim, Young Joo Park, Jong-In Park
Oncogene.2024; 43(31): 2431. CrossRef
Utilizing Immunoglobulin G4 Immunohistochemistry for Risk Stratification in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Associated with Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Faridul Haq, Gyeongsin Park, Sora Jeon, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Chan Kwon Jung
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(3): 468. CrossRef
The Role of SPECT/CT and PET/CT Hybrid Imaging in the Management of Ectopic Thyroid Carcinoma—A Systematic Review
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Diagnostics.2024; 14(13): 1369. CrossRef
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Manal S. Fawzy, Aziza Ali Alenezi, Baraah T. Abu AlSel, Eman A. Toraih
Heliyon.2024; 10(13): e33654. CrossRef
Radioactive iodine therapy for thyroid cancer coexisting with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Xiang-Yi Chen, Yang Tan, Dawei Wang, Zhi-Xiao Wei
British Journal of Radiology.2024; 97(1160): 1423. CrossRef
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Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Truong Phan-Xuan Nguyen, Sittiruk Roytrakul, Supranee Buranapraditkun, Shanop Shuangshoti, Nakarin Kitkumthorn, Somboon Keelawat
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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LingLi Song, BinXian Li, HaiBo Wu, CuiCui Wu, XueQi Zhang, Zhiyuan Yu
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(7): e0305944. CrossRef
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Anjali Goyal, Riya Shah, Monali Halpati, Kinjal Damor, Prahari Nayankumar Updhyaya
IP Journal of Diagnostic Pathology and Oncology.2024; 9(2): 134. CrossRef
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Zengfang Hao, Hanjing Cui, Yuehong Li, Wenxin Wu, Yuan Wang, Haijun Dan, Lei Lou, Hengshu Wang, Pengxin Zhao
Medicine.2024; 103(33): e39363. CrossRef
Emerging Strategies in Thyroid Cancer Immunotherapy: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Outcomes
Daniel Alejandro Estrella Cornejo, Meylin Yalitza Carriel Alvarado, Norma Susana Chávez Villagómez, Alberto Dario Díaz Parra, María Fernanda Navas Espinosa
Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología.2024; 4: 1241. CrossRef
Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review
Vasundara Gopalan, Swati G Deshpande, Anup A Zade, Darshana Tote, Rahul Rajendran, Shubham Durge, Abhilasha Bhargava
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WHO 2022 updates on follicular cell and c-cell derived thyroid neoplasm
Parth Goswami, Tarang Patel, Rushang Dave, Gyanendra Singh, Anurag Singh, Tushar Kalonia
Journal of Medicine and Life.2024; 17(1): 15. CrossRef
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Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Diana-Raluca Streinu, Octavian Constantin Neagoe, Andreea Borlea, Ion Icma, Mihnea Derban, Dana Stoian
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognosis of Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Ji Young Kim, Jae Kyung Myung, Soyun Kim, Kyung Tae, Yun Young Choi, Soo Jin Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(4): 590. CrossRef
Update on C-Cell Neuroendocrine Neoplasm: Prognostic and Predictive Histopathologic and Molecular Features of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Chan Kwon Jung, Shipra Agarwal, Jen-Fan Hang, Dong-Jun Lim, Andrey Bychkov, Ozgur Mete
Endocrine Pathology.2023; 34(1): 1. CrossRef
The 5th edition of WHO classification of tumors of endocrine organs: changes in the diagnosis of follicular-derived thyroid carcinoma
Fulvio Basolo, Elisabetta Macerola, Anello Marcello Poma, Liborio Torregrossa
Endocrine.2023; 80(3): 470. CrossRef
Preoperative Risk Stratification of Follicular-patterned Thyroid Lesions on Core Needle Biopsy by Histologic Subtyping and RAS Variant-specific Immunohistochemistry
Meejeong Kim, Sora Jeon, Chan Kwon Jung
Endocrine Pathology.2023; 34(2): 247. CrossRef
Ultrasound evolution of parenchymal changes in the thyroid gland with autoimmune thyroiditis in children prior to the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma – a follow-up study
Dominika Januś, Monika Kujdowicz, Małgorzata Wójcik, Anna Taczanowska-Niemczuk, Aleksandra Kiszka-Wiłkojć, Wojciech Górecki, Jerzy B. Starzyk
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Papillary thyroid carcinoma with aggressive fused follicular and solid growth pattern: A unique histological subtype with high‐grade malignancy?
Shin‐ichi Murata, Ibu Matsuzaki, Mitsuo Kishimoto, Naomi Katsuki, Toshinori Onishi, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Fumiyoshi Kojima
Pathology International.2023; 73(5): 207. CrossRef
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Thifhelimbilu Emmanuel Luvhengo, Ifongo Bombil, Arian Mokhtari, Maeyane Stephens Moeng, Demetra Demetriou, Claire Sanders, Zodwa Dlamini
Biomedicines.2023; 11(4): 1217. CrossRef
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The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2023; 108(9): e704. CrossRef
Multifunctional Phase-Transition Nanoparticles for Effective Targeted Sonodynamic-Gene Therapy Against Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma
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International Journal of Nanomedicine.2023; Volume 18: 2275. CrossRef
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David Zimmer, Gilman Plitt, Brandon Prendes, Jamie Ku, Natalie Silver, Eric Lamarre, Emrullah Yilmaz, Jessica Geiger, Christian Nasr, Lea El Hage, Mario Skugor, Shauna Cambpell, Shlomo Koyfman, Jacob Miller, Neil Woody, Katherine Heiden, Nikhil Joshi, Tar
The Laryngoscope.2023; 133(9): 2430. CrossRef
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Dominika Januś, Małgorzata Wójcik, Anna Taczanowska-Niemczuk, Aleksandra Kiszka-Wiłkojć, Monika Kujdowicz, Małgorzata Czogała, Wojciech Górecki, Jerzy B. Starzyk
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Sonal Trivedi, T. Salahuddin, Mohamed Taher Mithi, Priyank Rathod, Arpit Bandi, Shashank J. Pandya, Mohit Sharma, Shailesh Patel, Vikas Warikoo, Ketul Puj, Abhijeet Salunkhe, Keval Patel, Shivam Pandya
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery.2023; 75(4): 2884. CrossRef
FNAC (Fine needle aspiration cytology) and histopathological correlation and reclassification of thyroid neoplasm in accordance with WHO classification 2022
Fareeda Joshi, Shreya Hegde
Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology.2023; 10(2): 132. CrossRef
Papillary thyroid carcinoma associated with non‑functioning parathyroid carcinoma with Warthin's tumor of the parotid gland: A case report and brief literature review
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Medicine International.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Reevaluating diagnostic categories and associated malignancy risks in thyroid core needle biopsy
Chan Kwon Jung
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2023; 57(4): 208. CrossRef
Cancer Predisposition Syndromes and Thyroid Cancer: Keys for a Short Two-Way Street
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Biomedicines.2023; 11(8): 2143. CrossRef
Deep learning prediction model for central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma based on cytology
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Cancer Science.2023; 114(10): 4114. CrossRef
Cytology and Histology of Thyroid Nodules: Exploring Novel Insights in the Molecular Era for Enhanced Patient Management
Beatrix Cochand-Priollet, Zahra Maleki
Current Oncology.2023; 30(8): 7753. CrossRef
Agrin is a novel oncogenic protein in thyroid cancer
Anna Adamiok‑Ostrowska, Małgorzata Grzanka, Barbara Czarnocka
Oncology Letters.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Analysis of Pathological Features of Thyroid Carcinoma in the Western Yunnan
身吾王
Advances in Clinical Medicine.2023; 13(10): 15820. CrossRef
Insight of novel biomarkers for papillary thyroid carcinoma through multiomics
Wei Liu, Junkan Zhu, Zhen Wu, Yongxiang Yin, Qiao Wu, Yiming Wu, Jiaojiao Zheng, Cong Wang, Hongyan Chen, Talal Jamil Qazi, Jun Wu, Yuqing Zhang, Houbao Liu, Jingmin Yang, Daru Lu, Xumin Zhang, Zhilong Ai
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification of NIFTP-Specific mRNA Markers for Reliable Molecular Diagnosis of Thyroid Tumors
So-Yeon Lee, Jong-Lyul Park, Kwangsoon Kim, Ja Seong Bae, Jae-Yoon Kim, Seon-Young Kim, Chan Kwon Jung
Endocrine Pathology.2023; 34(3): 311. CrossRef
Somatostatin Receptor Type 2 and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Expression in Oncocytic Thyroid Neoplasms: Implications for Prognosis and Treatment
Andrea Gillis, Rui Zheng-Pywell, Chandler McLeod, Dezhi Wang, John M. Ness, Rachael Guenter, Jason Whitt, Tomas A. Prolla, Herbert Chen, Manuel Lora Gonzalez, Bart Rose, Ricardo V. Lloyd, Renata Jaskula-Sztul, Diana Lin
Modern Pathology.2023; 36(12): 100332. CrossRef
Comparison of Treatment and Prognosis Between Follicular Variant Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Classical Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Bing Zhang, Wenming Wu, Jinjing Liu, Zhou Liang, Liang Zong
Hormone and Metabolic Research.2023; 55(12): 855. CrossRef
Sentinel lymph node mapping: current applications and future perspectives in thyroid carcinoma
Isabella Merante Boschin, Loris Bertazza, Carla Scaroni, Caterina Mian, Maria Rosa Pelizzo
Frontiers in Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Utility of the Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in the Differential Diagnosis of Follicular-Patterned Lesions of the Thyroid on Cytopathologic and Histopathologic Samples
Prasanna V Perumal, Neelaiah Siddaraju, Sunil K Saxena, Soundravally Rajendiran, Ramachandra V Bhat
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Tumeurs de la thyroïde : nouveautés de la classification OMS 2022
Serge Guyétant, Myriam Decaussin Petrucci, Emmanuelle Leteurtre
Annales de Pathologie.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Investigation of pre‐operative demographic, biochemical, sonographic and cytopathological findings in low‐risk thyroid neoplasms
Muzaffer Serdar Deniz, Didem Özdemir, Narin Nasıroğlu İmga, Hüsniye Başer, Fatma Neslihan Çuhacı Seyrek, Ayşegül Aksoy Altınboğa, Oya Topaloğlu, Reyhan Ersoy, Bekir Çakır
Clinical Endocrinology.2023; 99(5): 502. CrossRef
Applications of machine and deep learning to thyroid cytology and histopathology: a review
Greg Slabaugh, Luis Beltran, Hasan Rizvi, Panos Deloukas, Eirini Marouli
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Asian Thyroid Working Group, from 2017 to 2023
Kennichi Kakudo, Chan Kwon Jung, Zhiyan Liu, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Andrey Bychkov, Huy Gia Vuong, Somboon Keelawat, Radhika Srinivasan, Jen-Fan Hang, Chiung-Ru Lai
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2023; 57(6): 289. CrossRef
Anaplastic thyroid cancer: Pathogenesis, prognostic factors and genetic landscape (Review)
Abdul-Mohsen Alhejaily, Omar Alhuzim, Yazeed Alwelaie
Molecular and Clinical Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Simultaneous Occurrence of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Series with Literature Review
Poupak Fallahi, Armando Patrizio, Giulio Stoppini, Giusy Elia, Francesca Ragusa, Sabrina Rosaria Paparo, Eugenia Balestri, Valeria Mazzi, Chiara Botrini, Gilda Varricchi, Salvatore Ulisse, Marco Ghionzoli, Alessandro Antonelli, Silvia Martina Ferrari
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Miscellaneous
Brown Adipose Tissue: Activation and Metabolism in Humans: Imane Hachemi, Mueez U-Din; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(2):214-222. Published online March 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1659

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Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ contributing to non-shivering thermogenesis. BAT becomes active under cold stress via sympathetic nervous system activation. However, recent evidence has suggested that BAT may also be active at thermoneutrality and in a postprandial state. BAT has superior energy dissipation capacity compared to white adipose tissue (WAT) and muscles. Thus, it has been proposed that the recruitment and activation of additional BAT may increase the overall energy-expending capacity in humans, potentially improving current whole-body weight management strategies. Nutrition plays a central role in obesity and weight management. Thus, this review discusses human studies describing BAT hyper-metabolism after dietary interventions. Nutritional agents that can potentially recruit brown adipocytes via the process of BAT-WAT transdifferentiation are also discussed.

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Calcium & bone metabolism
Treatment of Hypoparathyroidism by Re-Establishing the Effects of Parathyroid Hormone: Lars Rejnmark; Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(2):262-266. Published online April 4, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.1916

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The conventional treatment of hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) includes active vitamin D and calcium. Despite normalization of calcium levels, the conventional treatment is associated with fluctuations in calcium levels, hypercalciuria, renal impairment, and decreased quality of life (QoL). Replacement therapy with parathyroid hormone (PTH)(1-84) is an option in some countries. However, convincing beneficial effects have not been demonstrated, which may be due to the short duration of action of this treatment. Recently, palopegteriparatide (also known as TransCon PTH) has been marketed in Europe and is expected also to be approved in other countries. Palopegteriparatide is a prodrug with sustained release of PTH(1-34) designed to provide stable physiological PTH levels for 24 hours/day. A phase 3 study demonstrated maintenance of normocalcemia in patients with chronic HypoPT, with no need for conventional therapy. Furthermore, this treatment lowers urinary calcium and improves QoL. Another long-acting PTH analog with effects on the parathyroid hormone receptor (eneboparatide) is currently being tested in a phase 3 trial. Furthermore, the treatment of autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 1 with a calcilytic (encaleret) is also being tested. All in all, improved treatment options are on the way that will likely take the treatment of HypoPT to the next level.

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Hypoparathyroidism update
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Adrenal Gland
Recent Updates on the Management of Adrenal Incidentalomas: Seung Shin Park, Jung Hee Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(4):373-380. Published online August 16, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1779

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Adrenal incidentalomas represent an increasingly common clinical conundrum with significant implications for patients. The revised 2023 European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) guideline incorporates cutting-edge evidence for managing adrenal incidentalomas. This paper provides a concise review of the updated contents of the revised guideline. In the 2023 guideline, in patients without signs and symptoms of overt Cushing’s syndrome, a post-dexamethasone cortisol level above 50 nmol/L (>1.8 μg/dL) should be considered as mild autonomous cortisol secretion. Regarding the criteria of benign adrenal adenomas, a homogeneous adrenal mass with ≤10 Hounsfield units on non-contrast computed tomography requires no further follow-up, irrespective of its size. The updated guideline also discusses steroid metabolomics using tandem mass spectrometry to discriminate malignancy. It underscores the importance of high-volume surgeons performing adrenalectomy and emphasizes the pivotal role of a multidisciplinary team approach in deciding the treatment plan for indeterminate adrenal masses. The guideline advocates for more proactive surgical treatment for indeterminate adrenal masses in young patients (<40 years) and pregnant women. This review of the 2023 ESE guideline underscores the ongoing evolution of the adrenal incidentaloma management landscape, emphasizing the need for further research and adaptation of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

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Adrenal incidentalomas
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Diabetes, obesity and metabolism
The Road towards Triple Agonists: Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Glucagon Receptor - An Update: Agnieszka Jakubowska, Carel W. le Roux, Adie Viljoen; Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(1):12-22. Published online February 14, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.1942

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Obesity is the fifth leading risk factor for global deaths with numbers continuing to increase worldwide. In the last 20 years, the emergence of pharmacological treatments for obesity based on gastrointestinal hormones has transformed the therapeutic landscape. The successful development of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, followed by the synergistic combined effect of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/GLP-1 receptor agonists achieved remarkable weight loss and glycemic control in those with the diseases of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The multiple cardiometabolic benefits include improving glycemic control, lipid profiles, blood pressure, inflammation, and hepatic steatosis. The 2023 phase 2 double-blind, randomized controlled trial evaluating a GLP-1/GIP/glucagon receptor triagonist (retatrutide) in patients with the disease of obesity reported 24.2% weight loss at 48 weeks with 12 mg retatrutide. This review evaluates the current available evidence for GLP-1 receptor agonists, dual GLP-1/GIP receptor co-agonists with a focus on GLP-1/GIP/glucagon receptor triagonists and discusses the potential future benefits and research directions.

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Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Lipoprotein Lipase: Is It a Magic Target for the Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia: Joon Ho Moon, Kyuho Kim, Sung Hee Choi; Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(4):575-586. Published online August 29, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.402

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High levels of triglycerides (TG) and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs) confer a residual risk of cardiovascular disease after optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)–lowering therapy. Consensus has been made that LDL-C is a non-arguable primary target for lipid lowering treatment, but the optimization of TGRL for reducing the remnant risk of cardiovascular diseases is urged. Omega-3 fatty acids and fibrates are used to reduce TG levels, but many patients still have high TG and TGRL levels combined with low high-density lipoprotein concentration that need to be ideally treated. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key regulator for TGs that hydrolyzes TGs to glycerol and free fatty acids in lipoprotein particles for lipid storage and consumption in peripheral organs. A deeper understanding of human genetics has enabled the identification of proteins regulating the LPL activity, which include the apolipoproteins and angiopoietin-like families. Novel therapeutic approach such as antisense oligonucleotides and monoclonal antibodies that regulate TGs have been developed in recent decades. In this article, we focus on the biology of LPL and its modulators and review recent clinical application, including genetic studies and clinical trials of novel therapeutics. Optimization of LPL activity to lower TG levels could eventually reduce incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in conjunction with successful LDL-C reduction.

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Original Articles

Diabetes, obesity and metabolism
Triglyceride-Glucose Index Predicts Future Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases: A 16-Year Follow-up in a Prospective, Community-Dwelling Cohort Study: Joon Ho Moon, Yongkang Kim, Tae Jung Oh, Jae Hoon Moon, Soo Heon Kwak, Kyong Soo Park, Hak Chul Jang, Sung Hee Choi, Nam H. Cho; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(4):406-417. Published online August 3, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1703

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Background
While the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a measure of insulin resistance, its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) has not been well elucidated. We evaluated the TyG index for prediction of CVDs in a prospective large communitybased cohort.
Methods
Individuals 40 to 70 years old were prospectively followed for a median 15.6 years. The TyG index was calculated as the Ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL)×fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. CVDs included any acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease or cerebrovascular disease. We used a Cox proportional hazards model to estimate CVD risks according to quartiles of the TyG index and plotted the receiver operating characteristics curve for the incident CVD.
Results
Among 8,511 subjects (age 51.9±8.8 years; 47.5% males), 931 (10.9%) had incident CVDs during the follow-up. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, total cholesterol, smoking, alcohol, exercise, and C-reactive protein, subjects in the highest TyG quartile had 36% increased risk of incident CVD compared with the lowest TyG quartile (hazard ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.10 to 1.68). Carotid plaque, assessed by ultrasonography was more frequent in subjects in the higher quartile of TyG index (P for trend=0.049 in men and P for trend <0.001 in women). The TyG index had a higher predictive power for CVDs than the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (area under the curve, 0.578 for TyG and 0.543 for HOMA-IR). Adding TyG index on diabetes or hypertension alone gave sounder predictability for CVDs.
Conclusion
The TyG index is independently associated with future CVDs in 16 years of follow-up in large, prospective Korean cohort.

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Construction and validation of a nomogram for predicting diabetes remission at 3 months after bariatric surgery in patients with obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Kaisheng Yuan, Bing Wu, Ruiqi Zeng, Fuqing Zhou, Ruixiang Hu, Cunchuan Wang
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2024; 26(1): 169. CrossRef
Association between the triglyceride glucose index and chronic total coronary occlusion: A cross-sectional study from southwest China
Kaiyong Xiao, Huili Cao, Bin Yang, Zhe Xv, Lian Xiao, Jianping Wang, Shuiqing Ni, Hui Feng, Zhongwei He, Lei Xv, Juan Li, Dongmei Xv
Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.2024; 34(4): 850. CrossRef
The association between TyG and all-cause/non-cardiovascular mortality in general patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is modified by age: results from the cohort study of NHANES 1999–2018
Younan Yao, Bo Wang, Tian Geng, Jiyan Chen, Wan Chen, Liwen Li
Cardiovascular Diabetology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of triglyceride glucose index and modified triglyceride glucose indices in prediction of cardiovascular diseases in middle aged and older Chinese adults
Cancan Cui, Yitian Qi, Jiayin Song, Xinyun Shang, Tianjiao Han, Ning Han, Siqi Yue, Yining Zha, Zhonghang Xu, Jiannan Li, Lin Liu
Cardiovascular Diabetology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Triglyceride-glucose index predicts type 2 diabetes mellitus more effectively than oral glucose tolerance test-derived insulin sensitivity and secretion markers
Min Jin Lee, Ji Hyun Bae, Ah Reum Khang, Dongwon Yi, Mi Sook Yun, Yang Ho Kang
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2024; 210: 111640. CrossRef
Prognostic value of triglyceride-glucose index for left ventricular remodeling in nondiabetic ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients
Tolga Han Efe, Engin Algül
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Triglyceride-Glucose Index as Predictor for Hypertension, CHD and STROKE Risk among Non-Diabetic Patients: A NHANES Cross-Sectional Study 2001–2020
Bisher Sawaf, Sarya Swed, Hidar Alibrahim, Haidara Bohsas, Tirth Dave, Mohamad Nour Nasif, Wael Hafez, Fatema Ali Asgar Tashrifwala, Yazan Khair Eldien Jabban, Safwan Al-Rassas, Heba haj Saleh, Abdul Rehman Zia Zaidi, Baraa Alghalyini, Shaymaa Abdelmaboud
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An Increasing Triglyceride–Glucose Index Is Associated with a Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Oxidant Phenotype
Beverley Adams-Huet, Ishwarlal Jialal
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Elevated Triglyceride-Glucose Index as a Predictor of Carotid Plaque Incidence: Insights from a Comprehensive Meta-Analysis
Arankesh Mahadevan, Bhavin A. Patel, Sashwath Srikanth, Raja Godasi, Rupak Desai
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Evaluation of the novel three lipid indices for predicting five- and ten-year incidence of cardiovascular disease: findings from Kerman coronary artery disease risk factors study (KERCADRS)
Alireza Jafari, Hamid Najafipour, Mitra Shadkam, Sina Aminizadeh
Lipids in Health and Disease.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Comparative Study of Ex Vivo Antiplatelet Activity of Aspirin and Cilostazol in Patients with Diabetes and High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Sangmo Hong, Woo Je Lee, Cheol-Young Park; Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(2):233-242. Published online April 6, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1353

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
The role of aspirin in primary cardiovascular disease prevention in patients with diabetes remains controversial. However, some studies have suggested beneficial effects of cilostazol on cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. We prospectively investigated the antiplatelet effects of cilostazol compared with aspirin in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors.
Methods
We randomly assigned 116 patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors but no evident cardiovascular disease to receive aspirin at a dose of 100 mg or cilostazol at a dose of 200 mg daily for 14 days. The primary efficacy outcome was antiplatelet effects of aspirin and cilostazol assessed with the VerifyNow system (aspirin response units [ARU]) and PFA-100 (closure time [CT]). Secondary outcomes were changes of clinical laboratory data (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02933788).
Results
After 14 days, there was greater decrease in ARU in aspirin (–28.9%±9.9%) compared cilostazol (–0.4%±7.1%, P<0.001) and was greater increase in CT in aspirin (99.6%±63.5%) compared cilostazol (25.7%±54.1%, P<0.001). The prevalence of aspirin resistance was 7.5% according to VerifyNow (defined by ARU ≥550) and 18.9% according to PFA-100 (CT <192 seconds). Compared with aspirin, cilostazol treatment was associated with increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (7.1%±12.7% vs. 4.2%±18.0%, P=0.006) and decreased triglycerides (–9.4%±33.7% vs. 4.4%±17.57%, P=0.016). However, there were no significant changes in total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein level, and cluster of differentiation 40 ligand between cilostazol and aspirin groups.
Conclusion
Aspirin showed better antiplatelet effects assessed with VerifyNow and PFA-100 compared with cilostazol. However, there were favorable changes in atherogenic dyslipidemia only in the cilostazol.

Review Articles

Thyroid
Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease during Pregnancy and Postpartum: 2023 Revised Korean Thyroid Association Guidelines: Hwa Young Ahn, Ka Hee Yi; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(3):289-294. Published online June 9, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1696

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Thyroid hormone plays a critical role in fetal growth and development, and thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy is associated with several adverse outcomes, such as miscarriage and preterm birth. In this review, we introduce and explain three major changes in the revised Korean Thyroid Association (KTA) guidelines for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy: first, the normal range of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) during pregnancy; second, the treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism; and third, the management of euthyroid pregnant women with positive thyroid autoantibodies. The revised KTA guidelines adopt 4.0 mIU/L as the upper limit of TSH in the first trimester. A TSH level between 4.0 and 10.0 mIU/L, combined with free thyroxine (T4) within the normal range, is defined as subclinical hypothyroidism, and a TSH level over 10 mIU/L is defined as overt hypothyroidism regardless of the free T4 level. Levothyroxine treatment is recommended when the TSH level is higher than 4 mIU/L in subclinical hypothyroidism, regardless of thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity. However, thyroid hormone therapy to prevent miscarriage is not recommended in thyroid autoantibody-positive women with normal thyroid function.

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Use of thyroid hormones in hypothyroid and euthyroid patients: A survey of members of the Endocrine Society of Australia
Nicole Lafontaine, Suzanne J. Brown, Petros Perros, Enrico Papini, Endre V. Nagy, Roberto Attanasio, Laszlo Hegedüs, John P. Walsh
Clinical Endocrinology.2024; 100(5): 477. CrossRef
Management of Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Focus on Proven Health Effects in the 2023 Korean Thyroid Association Guidelines
Eu Jeong Ku, Won Sang Yoo, Hyun Kyung Chung
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(4): 381. CrossRef
Maternal isolated hypothyroxinemia in the first trimester is not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, except for macrosomia: a prospective cohort study in China
Jing Du, Linong Ji, Xiaomei Zhang, Ning Yuan, Jianbin Sun, Dan Zhao
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Diabetes, obesity and metabolism
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Based Therapies: A New Horizon in Obesity Management: Jang Won Son, Soo Lim; Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(2):206-221. Published online April 16, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.1940

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Obesity is a significant risk factor for health issues like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. It often proves resistant to traditional lifestyle interventions, prompting a need for more precise therapeutic strategies. This has led to a focus on signaling pathways and neuroendocrine mechanisms to develop targeted obesity treatments. Recent developments in obesity management have been revolutionized by introducing novel glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) based drugs, such as semaglutide and tirzepatide. These drugs are part of an emerging class of nutrient-stimulated hormone-based therapeutics, acting as incretin mimetics to target G-protein–coupled receptors like GLP-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon. These receptors are vital in regulating body fat and energy balance. The development of multiagonists, including GLP-1–glucagon and GIP–GLP-1–glucagon receptor agonists, especially with the potential for glucagon receptor activation, marks a significant advancement in the field. This review covers the development and clinical efficacy of various GLP-1-based therapeutics, exploring the challenges and future directions in obesity management.

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Diabetes and Osteoarthritis: Exploring the Interactions and Therapeutic Implications of Insulin, Metformin, and GLP-1-Based Interventions
Iryna Halabitska, Liliia Babinets, Valentyn Oksenych, Oleksandr Kamyshnyi
Biomedicines.2024; 12(8): 1630. CrossRef
Why you should not skip tailored exercise interventions when using incretin mimetics for weight loss
Katharina Gross, Christian Brinkmann
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Beyond Glycemic Control: GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Their Impact on Calcium Homeostasis in Real-World Patients
Bandar T. Alenezi, Nadra Elfezzani, Rukhsana Uddin, Hinali Patel, Sydney Chester, Ahmed Abdelmaksoud, Mohammad H. Hussein, Sawsan A. Zaitone, Manal S. Fawzy, Hani Aiash, Eman A. Toraih
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(16): 4896. CrossRef

Thyroid
Metabolic Reprogramming in Thyroid Cancer: Sang-Hyeon Ju, Minchul Song, Joung Youl Lim, Yea Eun Kang, Hyon-Seung Yi, Minho Shong; Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(3):425-444. Published online June 10, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1802

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Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Thyroid cancer is a common endocrine malignancy with increasing incidence globally. Although most cases can be treated effectively, some cases are more aggressive and have a higher risk of mortality. Inhibiting RET and BRAF kinases has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of thyroid cancer, particularly in cases of advanced or aggressive disease. However, the development of resistance mechanisms may limit the efficacy of these kinase inhibitors. Therefore, developing precise strategies to target thyroid cancer cell metabolism and overcome resistance is a critical area of research for advancing thyroid cancer treatment. In the field of cancer therapeutics, researchers have explored combinatorial strategies involving dual metabolic inhibition and metabolic inhibitors in combination with targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy to overcome the challenge of metabolic plasticity. This review highlights the need for new therapeutic approaches for thyroid cancer and discusses promising metabolic inhibitors targeting thyroid cancer. It also discusses the challenges posed by metabolic plasticity in the development of effective strategies for targeting cancer cell metabolism and explores the potential advantages of combined metabolic targeting.

Calcium & Bone Metabolism
A Key Metabolic Regulator of Bone and Cartilage Health: Elizabeth Pérez-Hernández, Jesús Javier Pastrana-Carballo, Fernando Gómez-Chávez, Ramesh C. Gupta, Nury Pérez-Hernández; Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(4):559-574. Published online August 8, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1443

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Taurine, a cysteine-derived zwitterionic sulfonic acid, is a common ingredient in energy drinks and is naturally found in fish and other seafood. In humans, taurine is produced mainly in the liver, and it can also be obtained from food. In target tissues, such as the retina, heart, and skeletal muscle, it functions as an essential antioxidant, osmolyte, and antiapoptotic agent. Taurine is also involved in energy metabolism and calcium homeostasis. Taurine plays a considerable role in bone growth and development, and high-profile reports have demonstrated the importance of its metabolism for bone health. However, these reports have not been collated for more than 10 years. Therefore, this review focuses on taurine–bone interactions and covers recently discovered aspects of taurine’s effects on osteoblastogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, bone structure, and bone pathologies (e.g., osteoporosis and fracture healing), with due attention to the taurine–cartilage relationship.

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Anti-osteoporotic effects of enzymatic hydrolysates of mackerel Scomber japonicus byproduct in MC3T3-E1 cells and ovariectomized rat model
Seung Tae Im, Minji Kim, Wook Chul Kim, Yun-Su Lee, Seung-Hong Lee
Fisheries Science.2024; 90(4): 643. CrossRef
Metabolomics analysis of the potential mechanism of Yi-Guan-Jian decoction to reverse bone loss in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
Mengxing Yin, Dezhi Zhou, Fu Jia, Xiaosan Su, Xiufang Li, Ruifen Sun, Junmin Li
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
An in-silico approach to the potential modulatory effect of taurine on sclerostin (SOST) and its probable role during osteoporosis
Mazumder Adhish, I. Manjubala
Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics.2023; : 1. CrossRef
Flattening the biological age curve by improving metabolic health: to taurine or not to taurine, that’ s the question
Kwok M. Ho, Anna Lee, William Wu, Matthew T.V. Chan, Lowell Ling, Jeffrey Lipman, Jason Roberts, Edward Litton, Gavin M. Joynt, Martin Wong
Journal of Geriatric Cardiology.2023; 20(11): 813. CrossRef

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Recent Updates to Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus: Jin Yu, Seung-Hwan Lee, Mee Kyoung Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(1):26-37. Published online February 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.105

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Guidelines for the management of patients with diabetes have become an important part of clinical practice that improve the quality of care and help establish evidence-based medicine in this field. With rapidly accumulating evidence on various aspects of diabetes care, including landmark clinical trials of treatment agents and newer technologies, timely updates of the guidelines capture the most current state of the field and present a consensus. As a leading academic society, the Korean Diabetes Association publishes practice guidelines biennially and the American Diabetes Association does so annually. In this review, we summarize the key changes suggested in the most recent guidelines. Some of the important updates include treatment algorithms emphasizing comorbid conditions such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease in the selection of anti-diabetic agents; wider application of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), insulin pump technologies and indices derived from CGM such as time in range; more active screening of subjects at high-risk of diabetes; and more detailed individualization in diabetes care. Although there are both similarities and differences among guidelines and some uncertainty remains, these updates provide a good approach for many clinical practitioners who are battling with diabetes.

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Mateusz Sobczyk, Daria Żuraw, Paulina Oleksa, Kacper Jasiński, Mikołaj Porzak, Michał Dacka
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Diabetologia.2024; 67(7): 1235. CrossRef
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Lim Pei Ying, Oh Xin Yin, Ong Wei Quan, Neha Jain, Jayashree Mayuren, Manisha Pandey, Bapi Gorain, Mayuren Candasamy
International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Shinji Hotta, Mikko Kytö, Saila Koivusalo, Seppo Heinonen, Pekka Marttinen, Everson Nunes
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Davide Menafra, Mattia Proganò, Nicola Tecce, Rosario Pivonello, Annamaria Colao
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Kyungdo Han, Bongsung Kim, Seung Hwan Lee, Mee Kyoung Kim
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Tae Kyung Yoo, Kyung-Do Han, Eun-Jung Rhee, Won-Young Lee
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You Lee Yang, Eun-Ok Im, Yunmi Kim
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Poobalan Naidoo, Kiolan Naidoo, Sumanth Karamchand, Rory F Leisegang
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Diabetes, obesity and metabolism
The Benefits Of Continuous Glucose Monitoring In Pregnancy: Jee Hee Yoo, Jae Hyeon Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(5):472-481. Published online October 11, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1805

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Previous studies have consistently demonstrated the positive effects of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on glycemic outcomes and complications of diabetes in people with type 1 diabetes. Guidelines now consider CGM to be an essential and cost-effective device for managing type 1 diabetes. As a result, insurance coverage for it is available. Evidence supporting CGM continues to grow and expand to broader populations, such as pregnant people with type 1 diabetes, people with type 2 diabetes treated only with basal insulin therapy, and even type 2 diabetes that does not require insulin treatment. However, despite the significant risk of hyperglycemia in pregnancy, which leads to complications in more than half of affected newborns, CGM indications and insurance coverage for those patients are unresolved. In this review article, we discuss the latest evidence for using CGM to offer glycemic control and reduce perinatal complications, along with its cost-effectiveness in pregestational type 1 and type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus. In addition, we discuss future prospects for CGM coverage and indications based on this evidence.

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Wearable devices for glucose monitoring: A review of state-of-the-art technologies and emerging trends
Mohammad Mansour, M. Saeed Darweesh, Ahmed Soltan
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Sneha Mohan, Aoife M. Egan
Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America.2024; 53(3): 335. CrossRef

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