Endocrinology and Metabolism

Original Articles

Diabetes, obesity and metabolism
Safety and Effectiveness of Pravastatin in Korean Patients with Dyslipidemia Based on the Cardiovascular Risk Classification: Pooled Analysis of Four Observational Studies: In-Kyung Jeong, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Dae Jung Kim, Sin Gon Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2025;40(4):598-609. Published online April 15, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2200

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Background
Despite their efficacy, statin-related adverse events (AEs) may interfere with statin treatment and contribute to negative outcomes in patients with cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we evaluated the safety and effectiveness of pravastatin in Korea.
Methods
Pooled data were collected from four multicenter prospective observational studies conducted in Korea between 2011 and 2020. Finally, 7,334 and 2,022 participants were included in the safety and effectiveness analyses, respectively. Overall safety, particularly muscle-related, incidence of new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM), changes in fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c level, achievement of target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level, and changes in LDL-C level were analyzed.
Results
At week 24, after 20 or 40 mg pravastatin treatment, safety results showed that AEs and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were 8.7% and 1.3%, respectively, and that muscle-related AEs and ADRs were 0.5% and 0.3%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference in risk factors for statin-associated muscle symptoms. No patients developed DM during the study period. Additionally, at week 24, the achievement rates of target LDL-C levels were 87.9%, 78.4%, 57.8%, and 11.6% in low-, moderate-, high-, and very high-risk groups, respectively.
Conclusion
This study found that 20 or 40 mg pravastatin had minimal side effects and was safe for use in real-world clinical settings in Korea. Specifically, these doses effectively achieved the target LDL-C levels in patients with dyslipidemia in low-, moderate-, and high-risk groups for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). These results demonstrate that pravastatin can be safely administered continuously to patients with low-, moderate-, and high-risk ASCVD in a real-world clinical setting.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Head-to-head comparison of visceral adiposity indices (A Body Shape Index and Visceral Adiposity Index) with traditional anthropometrics: a community-based strategy for cardiovascular risk prediction in urban China
Guoliang Ma, Wenyan Wang, Lin Zhu, Wenting Li, Zhuanzhuan Fan, Weiyi Zhong, Wenjing Zang, Xin Hong, Kun Li
BMJ Open.2025; 15(12): e102918. CrossRef

Clinical Study
Efficacy and Safety of Pitavastatin in a Real-World Setting: Observational Study Evaluating SaFety in Patient Treated with Pitavastatin in Korea (PROOF Study): In-Kyung Jeong, Sung-Rae Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(4):882-891. Published online December 2, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.723

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background
While randomized controlled trials provide useful information about drug safety and efficacy, they do not always reflect the observed results in the real world. The prospective, observational, non-comparative trial in South Korea was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pitavastatin in clinical practice in 28,343 patients.
Methods
This study was conducted in 893 facilities in Korea from April 2, 2012 to April 1, 2017. This study was designed to administer 1, 2, or 4 mg pitavastatin to patients with hyperlipidemia at the age of 20 or older for at least 8 weeks.
Results
For 126 days of mean duration of administration of pitavastatin, the % change of low density lipoprotein cholesterol indicated a dose dependent reduction: –23.4%, –29.1%, and –35.2% in the 1, 2, and 4 mg groups, respectively in patients who have not been treated with lipid lowering medications prior to study. Only 1.74% (492/28,343) of pitavastatin-treated patients experienced adverse events, of which 0.43% (123/28,343) were adverse drug reactions. Less than 1% of patients experienced the grade 2 or more toxicity (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.03) in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, serum creatinine, and serum creatine phosphokinase. Although there were no rhabdomyolysis in 28,343 patients, 0.04% of patients had been reported pitavastatin-related musculoskeletal disorders.
Conclusion
Overall, this observational study showed that pitavastatin was well tolerated and effectively modified the lipid profile, reducing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk in Korean patients with hypercholesterolemia in the real world.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A hierarchical risk assessment framework for head-to-head comparison of statin safety profiles in Chinese patients
Leo Tsui, Dan Wang, Chuyun Fan, Chengling Shi
Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Combination pitavastatin–ezetimibe therapy for hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Muhammad Sharjeel Abbas, Asia Batool, Muhammad Hussain, Muhammad Hassan, Asharib Sohaib, Taha Ahmed, Maryam Athar, Saifullah Khan, Warisha Kanwal, Makhzan Ali Akbar, Abdul Hannan
Future Cardiology.2026; 22(6): 607. CrossRef
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Pitavastatin in Dyslipidemia: Vietnam Case
Nam Xuan Vo, Hanh Thi My Nguyen, Nhat Manh Phan, Huong Lai Pham, Tan Trong Bui, Tien Thuy Bui
Healthcare.2025; 13(19): 2494. CrossRef
Systematic Review on Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Safety of Pitavastatin in Dyslipidemia in Asia
Nam Xuan Vo, Huong Lai Pham, Tan Trong Bui, Tien Thuy Bui
Healthcare.2024; 13(1): 59. CrossRef
Polymorphic form K of Pitavastatin calcium: an advance in stability and pharmaceutical applications
Renan Marcel Bonilha Dezena
Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal.2024; 12(5): 191. CrossRef
Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level, Statin Use and Myocardial Infarction Risk in Young Adults
Heekyoung Jeong, Kyungdo Han, Soon Jib Yoo, Mee Kyoung Kim
Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.2022; 11(3): 288. CrossRef

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