Endocrinology and Metabolism

Original Articles

Hypothalamus and pituitary gland
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Screening and Effects of Surgery in Acromegaly: A Prospective Study: Jaeyoung Cho, Jung Hee Kim, Yong Hwy Kim, Jinwoo Lee; Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(4):641-652. Published online June 26, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.1933

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Background
To identify a screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and evaluate the effects of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery on improving OSA in patients with acromegaly.
Methods
We prospectively enrolled adults with acromegaly scheduled for endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. All measurements were conducted when participants were admitted for a baseline work-up for acromegaly before surgery and surveillance approximately 3 to 6 months after surgery. Respiratory event index (REI) was used as a surrogate for apnea-hypopnea index (Trial Registration: NCT03526016).
Results
Of the 35 patients with acromegaly (median age, 47 years; 40% men; median body mass index, 24.4 kg/m²), 24 (68.6%) had OSA (REI ≥5/hour), 15 (42.9%) had moderate-to-severe OSA (REI ≥15/hour). At baseline, serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels were positively correlated with the REI (ρ=0.53, P=0.001). The sensitivity and negative predictive value of a Snoring, Tiredness, Observed apnea, high blood Pressure-Body mass index, age, Neck circumference, and Gender (STOP-Bang) score ≥ 3 were 93.3% and 87.5%, respectively, detecting moderate-to-severe OSA. Biochemical acromegaly remission was achieved in 32 (91.4%) patients. The median difference in the REI was –9.5/hour (95% confidence interval, –13.3 to –5.3). Half of the 24 patients diagnosed with OSA preoperatively had REI <5/hour postoperatively. In a linear mixed-effects model, changes in the REI across surgery were related to changes in IGF-1 levels.
Conclusion
The STOP-Bang questionnaire is a reliable tool for OSA among patients with acromegaly. Improvement in OSA severity after surgery is related to decreased IGF-1 levels.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Change in apnea hypopnea index and sleep quality following treatment in acromegaly
Kavita Kadian, Ravi Gupta, Rajnish Arora, Kalyani Sridharan
Endocrine Research.2026; 51(1): 27. CrossRef
Correlation between obstructive sleep apnea and pituitary function in pituitary adenomas patients
Zitong Wang, Qi Li, Junjie Zhao, Hai Yu, Jiayi Du, Tingqin Huang, Yushan Xie, Zine Cao, Chendi Lu, Xinru Lv, Simin Zhu, Yanuo Zhou, Wei Hou, Yani Feng, Haiqin Liu, Xiaoyong Ren, Yewen Shi
Respiratory Medicine.2026; 252: 108660. CrossRef
Acromegaly and cardiovascular disease: mechanisms, clinical impact, and evolving management
Marta Araujo-Castro, Pedro Marques, Luis Miguel Cardoso, Eider Pascual-Corrales, Julie Refardt, Sebastian J C M M Neggers, José María Jiménez Cassinello, Mónica Marazuela, Manel Puig-Domingo, Betina Biagetti
Endocrine Reviews.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Consensus on acromegaly complications: an update
Andrea Giustina, Luigi di Filippo, Maria Fleseriu, Rosario Pivonello, Stephan Petersenn, John Wass, Susan L. Samson, Alberto M. Pereira, Raúl M. Luque, Betina Biagetti, Maria Chiara Zatelli, Ken K Y Ho, Cesar L. Boguszewski, Aart Jan van der Lely, Mark Gu
Pituitary.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Acromegaly complications: an update
Andrea Giustina, Maria Fleseriu
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2026; 111(Supplement): S51. CrossRef
Acromegaly Discovered After Head Trauma: Multivessel Coronary Disease and Postoperative Meningitis Complicating a Pituitary Macroadenoma
Sean Rockwell, Jaxon S Boley, Nicholas Pulido, Mohammad Safa, Lila S Chertman
Cureus.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Long-Term Prognosis and Systemic Impact of Acromegaly: Analyses Utilizing Korean National Health Insurance Data
Sangmo Hong, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2025; 40(1): 1. CrossRef
Mechanisms associated with obstructive sleep apnea in achondroplasia
G. Dave Singh
Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.2025; 21(9): 1649. CrossRef
How Different Treatments for Acromegaly Modulate Sleep Quality: A Psychometric Study
Gaspare Alfì, Danilo Menicucci, Dalì Antonia Ciampa, Vito Di Giura, Giulia Marconcini, Claudio Urbani, Fausto Bogazzi, Angelo Gemignani
Endocrines.2024; 5(3): 408. CrossRef

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Sleep Duration and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Community-Based Cohort Study with a 16-Year Follow-up: Da Young Lee, Inha Jung, So Young Park, Ji Hee Yu, Ji A Seo, Kyeong Jin Kim, Nam Hoon Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Sin Gon Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Seung Ku Lee, Chol Shin, Nan Hee Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(1):146-155. Published online February 6, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1582

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Background
We aimed to investigate the moderating effects of obesity, age, and sex on the association between sleep duration and the development of diabetes in Asians.
Methods
We analyzed data from a cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study conducted from 2001 to 2020. After excluding shift workers and those with diabetes at baseline, 7,407 participants were stratified into three groups according to sleep duration: ≤5 hours/night, >5 to 7 hours/night (reference), and >7 hours/night. The Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Subgroup analyses were performed according to obesity, age, and sex.
Results
During 16 years of follow-up, 2,024 cases of T2DM were identified. Individuals who slept ≤5 h/night had a higher risk of incident diabetes than the reference group (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.33). The subgroup analysis observed a valid interaction with sleep duration only for obesity. A higher risk of T2DM was observed in the ≤5 hours/night group in non-obese individuals, men, and those aged <60 years, and in the >7 hours/night group in obese individuals (HRs were 1.34 [95% CI, 1.11 to 1.61], 1.22 [95% CI, 1 to 1.49], and 1.18 [95% CI, 1.01 to 1.39], respectively).
Conclusion
This study confirmed the effect of sleep deprivation on the risk of T2DM throughout the 16-year follow-up period. This impact was confined to non-obese or young individuals and men. We observed a significant interaction between sleep duration and obesity.

Citations

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