Endocrinology and Metabolism

Review Articles

Diabetes, obesity and metabolism
The Impact of Taurine on Obesity-Induced Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanisms Underlying Its Effect: Kainat Ahmed, Ha-Neul Choi, Jung-Eun Yim; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(5):482-492. Published online October 17, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1776

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This review explores the potential benefits of taurine in ameliorating the metabolic disorders of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), highlighting the factors that bridge these associations. Relevant articles and studies were reviewed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between obesity and the development of T2D and the effect of taurine on those conditions. The loss of normal β-cell function and development of T2D are associated with obesity-derived insulin resistance. The occurrence of diabetes has been linked to the low bioavailability of taurine, which plays critical roles in normal β-cell function, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammation. The relationships among obesity, insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and T2D are complex and intertwined. Taurine may play a role in ameliorating these metabolic disorders through different pathways, but further research is needed to fully understand its effects and potential as a therapeutic intervention.

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Effect of a Very Low-Calorie Diet on Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory and Metabolomic Profile in Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obese Subjects
Neus Bosch-Sierra, Carmen Grau-del Valle, Christian Salom, Begoña Zaragoza-Villena, Laura Perea-Galera, Rosa Falcón-Tapiador, Susana Rovira-Llopis, Carlos Morillas, Daniel Monleón, Celia Bañuls
Antioxidants.2024; 13(3): 302. CrossRef

Calcium & Bone Metabolism
A Key Metabolic Regulator of Bone and Cartilage Health: Elizabeth Pérez-Hernández, Jesús Javier Pastrana-Carballo, Fernando Gómez-Chávez, Ramesh C. Gupta, Nury Pérez-Hernández; Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(4):559-574. Published online August 8, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1443

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Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Taurine, a cysteine-derived zwitterionic sulfonic acid, is a common ingredient in energy drinks and is naturally found in fish and other seafood. In humans, taurine is produced mainly in the liver, and it can also be obtained from food. In target tissues, such as the retina, heart, and skeletal muscle, it functions as an essential antioxidant, osmolyte, and antiapoptotic agent. Taurine is also involved in energy metabolism and calcium homeostasis. Taurine plays a considerable role in bone growth and development, and high-profile reports have demonstrated the importance of its metabolism for bone health. However, these reports have not been collated for more than 10 years. Therefore, this review focuses on taurine–bone interactions and covers recently discovered aspects of taurine’s effects on osteoblastogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, bone structure, and bone pathologies (e.g., osteoporosis and fracture healing), with due attention to the taurine–cartilage relationship.

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Metabolomics analysis of the potential mechanism of Yi-Guan-Jian decoction to reverse bone loss in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
Mengxing Yin, Dezhi Zhou, Fu Jia, Xiaosan Su, Xiufang Li, Ruifen Sun, Junmin Li
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
An in-silico approach to the potential modulatory effect of taurine on sclerostin (SOST) and its probable role during osteoporosis
Mazumder Adhish, I. Manjubala
Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics.2023; : 1. CrossRef
Flattening the biological age curve by improving metabolic health: to taurine or not to taurine, that’ s the question
Kwok M. Ho, Anna Lee, William Wu, Matthew T.V. Chan, Lowell Ling, Jeffrey Lipman, Jason Roberts, Edward Litton, Gavin M. Joynt, Martin Wong
Journal of Geriatric Cardiology.2023; 20(11): 813. CrossRef

Original Articles

Clinical Study
Iodine Status in Filipino Women of Childbearing Age: Michael E. Serafico, Joselita Rosario C. Ulanday, Marites V. Alibayan, Glen Melvin P. Gironella, Leah A. Perlas; Endocrinol Metab. 2018;33(3):372-379. Published online September 18, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2018.33.3.372

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Background

Iodine deficiency (ID) has become a concern not only among pregnant women, but in women of childbearing age as well. In fact, a recent report suggested that women with moderate to severe ID may experience a significantly longer time to conceive. This study aimed to investigate iodine status in Filipino women of childbearing age.

Methods

The iodine status of 6,194 Filipino women aged 15 to 45 years old was assessed through urinary iodine analysis. A casual spot urine sample was collected from women in households participating in the eighth National Nutrition Survey conducted by the Food and Nutrition Research Institute. The sample was analyzed using ammonium persulfate digestion followed by the Sandell-Kolthoff colorimetric reaction. A median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of less than 100 µg/L was used to define ID.

Results

The median UIC was 123 µg/L, indicative of adequate iodine nutrition; however, 21.5% of participants had a UIC below 50 µg/L. The median UIC of women who lived in urban areas (142 µg/L), belonged to the middle to richest class (>124 µg/L), had reached a college education (136 µg/L), and used iodized salt (15 ppm and above; 148 to 179 µg/L) reflected adequate iodine nutrition. ID was found to have been eliminated in the regions of Central Luzon, Eastern Visayas, Calabarzon, Mimaropa, and the National Capital, while mild ID was identified in Western Visayas, Southern and Western Mindanao, and in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.

Conclusion

Pockets of ID among women of childbearing age exist in the Philippines. Proper information through education and the use of adequately iodized salt are key measures for improving the iodine status of the studied population.

Citations

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Adequate iodine nutrition and higher salt intake in Chinese adults aged 18–59 years recommended by international organizations
Diqun Chen, Ying Ye, Ying Lan, Meng He, Jiani Wu, Lijin Wang, Zhihui Chen
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Burden and trends of iodine deficiency in Asia from 1990 to 2019
R. Wei, Z. Wang, X. Zhang, X. Wang, Y. Xu, Q. Li
Public Health.2023; 222: 75. CrossRef
The Iodine Status and Prevalence of Thyroid Disorders Among Women of Childbearing Age in China: National Cross-sectional Study
Yongze Li, Zhongyan Shan, Weiping Teng
Endocrine Practice.2021; 27(10): 1028. CrossRef
Female Fertility and the Nutritional Approach: The Most Essential Aspects
Kinga Skoracka, Alicja Ewa Ratajczak, Anna Maria Rychter, Agnieszka Dobrowolska, Iwona Krela-Kaźmierczak
Advances in Nutrition.2021; 12(6): 2372. CrossRef
Establishing reference intervals for urine and serum iodine levels: A nationwide multicenter study of a euthyroid Chinese population
Songlin Yu, Danchen Wang, Xinqi Cheng, Qiong Zhang, Mingxue Wang, Haipeng Guo, Benzhang Yu, Xiuming Zhang, Liangyu Xia, Dandan Sun, Qian Cheng, Pengchang Li, Yicong Yin, Chaochao Ma, Li'an Hou, Yutong Zou, Honglei Li, Dandan Li, Ling Qiu, Kiyoshi Ichihara
Clinica Chimica Acta.2020; 502: 34. CrossRef
Response: Iodine Status in Filipino Women of Childbearing Age (Endocrinol Metab 2018;33:372-9, Michael E. Serafico et al.)
Michael E. Serafico
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2018; 33(4): 495. CrossRef
Letter: Iodine Status in Filipino Women of Childbearing Age (Endocrinol Metab 2018;33:372-9, Michael E. Serafico et al.)
Zheng Feei Ma
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2018; 33(4): 493. CrossRef

Clinical Study
Excessive Iodine Status among School-Age Children in Korea: A First Report: Young Sik Choi, Soyoung Ock, Sukyoung Kwon, Sang Bong Jung, Kwang-Hyuk Seok, Young Jin Kim, Bu Kyung Kim, Jee-Yeong Jeong; Endocrinol Metab. 2017;32(3):370-374. Published online September 18, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2017.32.3.370

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Background

Korea is considered an iodine sufficient country, and several studies have been conducted regarding iodine status in healthy Korean adults, pregnant women, and preschool children. However, data on iodine status in Korean school-age children are lacking. Therefore, the iodine nutrition status of Korean school-age children was investigated by measuring urine iodine concentration (UIC).

Methods

This cross-sectional study conducted between April and September 2016 comprised 373 school-age children. UIC was determined using a modified microplate method employing ammonium persulfate digestion followed by Sandell-Kolthoff reaction.

Results

The median UIC was 458.2 µg/L. Excessive iodine intake (>300 µg/L) was found in 286 children (76.7%), with extremely high values exceeding 1,000 µg/L in 19.6% of subjects. Insufficient iodine intake (<100 µg/L) was observed in eight children (2.1%). UIC values were not significantly different between sexes.

Conclusion

Korean school-age children showed excessive iodine intake. Therefore, education regarding adequate iodine intake in school-age children is needed.

Citations

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Relationship of iodine excess with thyroid function in 6-year-old children living in an iodine-replete area
Yun Jeong Lee, Sun Wook Cho, Youn-Hee Lim, Bung-Nyun Kim, Johanna Inhyang Kim, Yun-Chul Hong, Young Joo Park, Choong Ho Shin, Young Ah Lee
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Excessive iodine status among school‐aged children in the State of Qatar: Results of the National Iodine Deficiency Disorder Survey
Mohamed Hamad J. T. Al‐Thani, Salah Abdulla Sh. A. Alyafei, Kholoud Ateeq K. M. Al‐Motawaa, Shamseldin Ali Khalifa, Syed Hassan Bin Usman Shah, Benjamin Vinodson, Sureshbabu Kokku, Amit Mishra
Public Health Challenges.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Changing Iodine Status and the Incidence of Thyroid Disease in Mainland China: A Prospective 20-Year Follow-Up Study
Zhongyan Shan, Yushu Li, Yongze Li, Haoyu Wang, Di Teng, Xiaochun Teng, Wei Chong, Xiaoguang Shi, Jing Li, Jiahui Guo, Zhe Lou, Chenling Fan, Shuangning Ding, Li He, Hua Liu, Elizabeth N. Pearce, Weiping Teng
Thyroid®.2023; 33(7): 858. CrossRef
Association between urinary sodium levels and iodine status in Korea
Jonghwa Ahn, Jang Ho Lee, Jiwoo Lee, Ji Yeon Baek, Eyun Song, Hye-Seon Oh, Mijin Kim, Suyeon Park, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Won Gu Kim
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2020; 35(2): 392. CrossRef
Effects of Maternal Iodine Status during Pregnancy and Lactation on Maternal Thyroid Function and Offspring Growth and Development: A Prospective Study Protocol for the Ideal Breast Milk Cohort
Young Ah Lee, Sun Wook Cho, Ho Kyung Sung, Kyungsik Kim, Young Shin Song, Sin Je Moon, Jung Won Oh, Dal Lae Ju, Sooyeon Choi, Sang Hoon Song, Gi Jeong Cheon, Young Joo Park, Choong Ho Shin, Sue K. Park, Jong Kwan Jun, June-Key Chung
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2018; 33(3): 395. CrossRef

Thyroid
The Association between Cobalt Deficiency and Endemic Goiter in School-Aged Children: Mojgan Sanjari, Ahmad Gholamhoseinian, Akram Nakhaee; Endocrinol Metab. 2014;29(3):307-311. Published online September 25, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2014.29.3.307

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Background

In Iran, an iodine deficiency control program was initiated in 1989 by iodizing salt. Despite this program, goiters have remained an endemic condition in most parts of Iran. Thus, it is possible that other factors aside from iodine deficiency may contribute to endemic goiter. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cobalt deficiency and endemic goiter in a region of Iran with a high prevalence of goiter.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among school children aged 9 to 11 years in the city of Kerman, Iran. In the first phase of the study, a multistage, proportional-to-size, cluster sampling method was used to screen 5,380 out of 29,787 students. After the screening phase, 170 students (130 goitrous and 40 nongoitrous) were randomly selected, and serum and urine specimens were obtained. We measured thyroid function, serum cobalt level, and urinary iodine excretion. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results

The prevalence of grade 2 goiters was 34.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 31.5 to 42.5), with both sexes being equally affected. The weight and body mass index of goitrous subjects was significantly lower (P<0.001) than those of nongoitrous subjects. The serum cobalt levels were lower in goitrous subjects than in nongoitrous subjects (4.4±2.9 µg/L vs. 6.4±2.7 µg/L). The urinary iodine levels were also lower in goitrous subjects than in nongoitrous subjects (198.3±108.3 µg/L vs. 270.2±91.1 µg/L). Multiple regression analysis showed that only cobalt deficiency, not iodine deficiency, significantly contributed to the presence of goiter (odds ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.99; P=0.042).

Conclusion

Cobalt deficiency may be an important independent predicator for goiter in endemic regions, especially areas in which goiters persist despite salt iodization programs.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Assessment of trace element and mineral levels in students from Turkmenistan in comparison to Iran and Russia
Anatoly A. Kirichuk, Anatoly V. Skalny, Dirk Schaumlöffel, Irina A. Kovaleva, Tatiana V. Korobeinikova, Andrey S. Kritchenkov, Michael Aschner, Borhan Mansouri, Andrey A. Skalny, Alexey A. Tinkov
Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology.2024; 84: 127439. CrossRef
Cartographic evaluation of the risk of natural elements’ deficiency in the soil cover provoking spatial variation of the endemic morbidity level (on example of thyroid morbidity among population of the Central Federal District, Russia)
Elena Mikhailovna Korobova, Vladimir Sergeevich Baranchukov, Jaume Bech
Environmental Geochemistry and Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The effect of a drink enriched with iodine and hydrogen on iodine supply in patients with metabolic syndrome
Romanenko
Experimental and Clinical Physiology and Biochemistry.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
INVESTIGATION OF ELEMENT COMPOSITION IN BIOSUBSTRATES IN ORGANISM OF ADOLESCENTS OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS LIVING IN THE NORTH OF KHABAROVSK REGION
A. O. Nesterenko, E. D. Tselik, G. P. Evseeva
Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration.2019; (74): 62. CrossRef
Trends over 1999–2014 in the concentrations of Ba, Cs, Co, Mo, Pb, Sb, Tl, and W in urine of US children aged 6–11 years
Ram B. Jain
Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry.2018; 100(1): 115. CrossRef
Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) could be a promising biomarker for predicting goiter among school-age children: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Linlin Xiu, Gansheng Zhong, Xueman Ma, Stephen L. Clarke
PLOS ONE.2017; 12(3): e0174095. CrossRef
Effects of Imbalance in Trace Element on Thyroid Gland from Moroccan Children
Sana El-Fadeli, Sabir Bouhouch, Anatoly V. Skalny, Yassir Barkouch, Alain Pineau, Mohamed Cherkaoui, Azeddine Sedki
Biological Trace Element Research.2016; 170(2): 288. CrossRef
Articles in 'Endocrinology and Metabolism' in 2014
Won-Young Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2015; 30(1): 47. CrossRef

Usefullness of Urinary Free Cortisol Measurement in Diagnosis of Iatrogenic Cushing Syndrome.: Yong Hyun Kim, Sang Jin Kim, Dong Seop Choi; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2000;15(2):162-169. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Although insulin induced hypoglycemia test is a standard diagnostic method in assessment of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, rapid ACTH stimulation test using 250microgram has been used as a first line diagnostic test especially in secondary adrenal insufficiency due to iatrogenic Cushing syndrome because it is easy and safe. However, it was suggested that a maximal cortisol response can be achieved with a much lower ACTH dose and 1microgram ACTH enhances the sensitivity without decreasing specificity of test. Also recently, there was a report that midnight to morning urine cortisol increment is more accurate, noninvasive method can be used for measurement of hypothalmo-pituitary-adrenal axis. In this study, we compared the 1microgram ACTH stimulation test with midnight to morning urinary free cortisol increment in secondary adrenal insufficiency due to iatrogenic Cushing syndrome to study the agreement of two test and accuracy of increment of urinary free cortisol in diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency. METHODS: Double voided urine sample were collected at midnight and 8 A.M. in 12 patients who have Cushing-like feature and history of taking glucocorticoids and in 12 normal controls. Urinary free cortisol was measured and cortisol increment was defined as the morning urine free cortisol minus the midnight urine free cortisol. The 1microgram ACTH stimulation test was performed in 12 iatrogenic Cushing syndrome patients at the same day and compard with the result of cortisol increment. RESULTS: Using the results of 12 controls, normal urine free cortisol increment was defined as greater than 165.5nmol/L(6.0microgram/dL). Subnormal cortisol response in 1microgram ACTH stimulation test was noted in 8 out of 12 patients group and urinary free cortisol increment was not observed in 7 out of 8 subnormal response group. Normal cortisol response in 1microgram ACTH stimulation test was noted in 4 out of 12 patients group and urinary free cortisol increment was observed in 3 out of 4 normal response group. So 83% of concordance rate between 1microgram ACTH stimulation test and urine free cortisol increment was recorded. CONCLUSION: Urinary free cortisol increment has high concordance rate with 1microgram ACTH stimulation test and simple, easy test in diagnosing secondary adrenal insufficiency due to iatrogenic Cushing syndrome. Further study including more patients will be helpful to know the adequacy and reliability of test in evaluation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis.

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