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Diabetes, obesity and metabolism
Impact of Diabetes on COVID-19 Susceptibility: A Nationwide Propensity Score Matching Study
Han Na Jang, Sun Joon Moon, Jin Hyung Jung, Kyung-Do Han, Eun-Jung Rhee, Won-Young Lee
Endocrinol Metab. 2024;39(5):813-818.   Published online August 28, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2014
  • 4,332 View
  • 52 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Prior research has highlighted poor clinical outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-infected patients with diabetes; however, susceptibility to COVID-19 infection in patients with diabetes has not been extensively studied. Participants aged ≥30 years who underwent COVID-19 testing from December 2019 to April 2020 were analyzed using the National Health Insurance Service data in South Korea. In a cohort comprising 29,433 1:1 propensity score-matched participants, COVID-19 positivity was significantly higher in participants with diabetes than in those without diabetes (512 [3.5%] vs. 395 [2.7%], P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that diabetes significantly increased the risk of COVID-19 test positivity (odds ratio, 1.307; 95% confidence interval, 1.144 to 1.493; P<0.001). Patients with diabetes exhibited heightened COVID-19 infection rates compared to individuals without diabetes, and diabetes increased the susceptibility to COVID-19, reinforcing the need for heightened preventive measures, particularly considering the poor clinical outcomes in this group.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The silent epidemic within the pandemic: pathophysiology and prediction of post-COVID-19 diabetes
    Hongjuan Fang, Qiang Wang
    Journal of Translational Medicine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Underweight Status Amplifies Respiratory Infection Mortality in Diabetes: Findings From a Nationwide Cohort Study
    Hun Jee Choe, Kyong Do Han, Ji‐Hong Park, Jiwoo Lee, Mi Kyung Kwak, Yun Mi Choi, Sun‐Joon Moon, Eun‐Gyoung Hong
    Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Overweight and Obesity are Risk Factors for Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Propensity Score-Matched Case-Control Study
Wonjun Ji, Rugyeom Lee, Kyungmin Huh, Minsun Kang, In Cheol Hwang, Munkhzul Radnaabaatar, Dae Ho Lee, Jaehun Jung
Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(1):196-200.   Published online February 24, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.856
  • 10,283 View
  • 241 Download
  • 8 Web of Science
  • 10 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Although obesity is a risk factor for infection, whether it has the same effect on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) need confirming. We conducted a retrospective propensity score matched case-control study to examine the association between obesity and COVID-19. This study included data from the Nationwide COVID-19 Registry and the Biennial Health Checkup database, until May 30, 2020. We identified 2,231 patients with confirmed COVID-19 and 10-fold-matched negative test controls. Overweight (body mass index [BMI] 23 to 24.9 kg/m2; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1.03 to 1.30) and class 1 obesity (BMI 25 to 29.9 kg/m2; aOR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.42) had significantly increased COVID-19 risk, while classes 2 and 3 obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) showed similar but non-significant trend. Females and those <50 years had more robust association pattern. Overweight and obesity are possible risk factors of COVID-19.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The association between excess weight and COVID‐19 outcomes: An umbrella review
    Jamie Matu, Alex Griffiths, Oliver M. Shannon, Andrew Jones, Rhiannon Day, Duncan Radley, Alison Feeley, Lisa Mabbs, Jamie Blackshaw, Naveed Sattar, Louisa Ells
    Obesity Reviews.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Risk for Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus after COVID-19 among Korean Adults: A Nationwide Matched Cohort Study
    Jong Han Choi, Kyoung Min Kim, Keeho Song, Gi Hyeon Seo
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(2): 245.     CrossRef
  • Systematic review with meta‐analysis: COVID‐19 outcomes in patients receiving anti‐TNF treatments
    Georgios Kokkotis, Konstantina Kitsou, Ioannis Xynogalas, Vana Spoulou, Gkikas Magiorkinis, Ioannis Trontzas, Panagiotis Trontzas, Garyphallia Poulakou, Konstantinos Syrigos, Giorgos Bamias
    Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2022; 55(2): 154.     CrossRef
  • Association between COVID-19 morbidity, mortality, and gross domestic product, overweight/ obesity, non-communicable diseases, vaccination rate: A cross-sectional study
    Kuat Oshakbayev, Zulfiya Zhankalova, Meruyert Gazaliyeva, Khalit Mustafin, Gulnara Bedelbayeva, Bibazhar Dukenbayeva, Nurzhan Otarbayev, Attila Tordai
    Journal of Infection and Public Health.2022; 15(2): 255.     CrossRef
  • Association between being underweight and excess body weight before SARS coronavirus type 2 infection and clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019: Multicenter study
    João Araújo Barros-Neto, Carolina Santos Mello, Sandra Mary Lima Vasconcelos, Gabriel Soares Bádue, Raphaela Costa Ferreira, Maria Izabel Siqueira de Andrade, Carlos Queiroz do Nascimento, Mateus de Lima Macena, José Adailton da Silva, Heleni Aires Clemen
    Nutrition.2022; 101: 111677.     CrossRef
  • Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance in Adults: A before and after Pandemic Lockdown Longitudinal Study
    Ángel Arturo López-González, Bárbara Altisench Jané, Luis Masmiquel Comas, Sebastiana Arroyo Bote, Hilda María González San Miguel, José Ignacio Ramírez Manent
    Nutrients.2022; 14(14): 2795.     CrossRef
  • Trends of overweight and obesity prevalence in school-aged children among Henan Province from 2000 to 2019
    Yuhao Zhang, Hao Lou, Ye Huang, Ruijuan Wang, Xiao Wen, Cuiping Wu, Changfu Hao, Ran Li, Genli Gao, Xiaomin Lou, Xian Wang
    Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The effects of 105 biological, socioeconomic, behavioral, and environmental factors on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and a severe course of COVID-19: a prospective, explorative cohort study
    Jaroslav Flegr, Pavel Flegr, Lenka Příplatová
    Biology Methods and Protocols.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Current status of health promotion in Korea
    Soo Young Kim
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 776.     CrossRef
  • Obesity and Coronavirus Disease 2019
    Min-Ji Kim, Jae-Han Jeon
    Journal of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery.2021; 10(1): 1.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Miscellaneous
Influence of Vitamin D Deficiency on Progression of Experimental Otitis Media in Rats
Hee-Bok Kim, So Hyun Lim, Chang Gun Cho, Han Seok Choi
Endocrinol Metab. 2018;33(2):296-304.   Published online June 21, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2018.33.2.296
  • 9,014 View
  • 59 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 5 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background

Vitamin D plays an important role in the immune response against infection. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of vitamin D deficiency on the progression of otitis media (OM) using an experimental rat model.

Methods

Four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=72) were divided into two groups based on their diet: a control diet group (n=36) and a vitamin D-deficient diet group (n=36). After 8 weeks of diet, experimental OM was induced by inoculation of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae in the middle ear cavity. The rats were evaluated with otomicroscopy to determine the inflammation in the middle ear mucosa on days 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14 post-inoculation. Bullae from sacrificed rats were collected and analyzed histologically.

Results

The middle ear mucosa from rats with vitamin D deficiency showed a significantly higher thickness than that of controls during the course of OM. The maximum mucosal thickness was 56.0±9.1 µm in the vitamin D deficiency group, and 43.9±9.8 µm in the control group, although there was no significant difference in the tympanic membrane score between the two groups evaluated with otomicroscopy. An immunohistochemical study showed increased expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α in rats manifesting vitamin D deficiency and decreased expression of IL-10 compared with controls.

Conclusion

Our results showed that vitamin D deficiency may exacerbate the pathophysiological changes of OM via altered cytokine production. Therefore, maintaining vitamin D status in the optimal range may be beneficial for proper management of OM.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Vitamin D and sudden sensorineural hearing loss: emerging associations, mechanistic insights, and prospects for precision medicine — a review
    Ying Wang, Zhen Pan, Xingjia Hu
    Frontiers in Nutrition.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Role of Diet in Tympanostomy Tube Otorrhea
    Kavita Dedhia, Alyssa Tindall, Jillian Karpink, Ashley Williams, Terri Giordano, Virginia Stallings
    Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery.2025; 172(3): 873.     CrossRef
  • Association between vitamin D deficiency and otitis media with effusion in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Ratna Dwi Restuti, Eka Dian Safitri, Respati Wulansari Ranakusuma, Ayu Astria Sriyana, Harim Priyono, Rangga Rayendra Saleh, Dora A Marpaung, Gilbert Lazarus
    Paediatrica Indonesiana.2024; 64(5): 419.     CrossRef
  • The role of vitamin D in subjective tinnitus—A case-control study
    Magdalena Nowaczewska, Stanisław Osiński, Maria Marzec, Michał Wiciński, Katarzyna Bilicka, Wojciech Kaźmierczak, Rafael da Costa Monsanto
    PLOS ONE.2021; 16(8): e0255482.     CrossRef
  • Vitamin D and Otitis Media
    Rebecca E. Walker, Jim Bartley, Carlos A. Camargo, Edwin A. Mitchell
    Current Allergy and Asthma Reports.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Review Article
Thyroid
Clinical Relevance of Environmental Factors in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
Wilmar M. Wiersinga
Endocrinol Metab. 2016;31(2):213-222.   Published online May 13, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.2.213
  • 28,192 View
  • 342 Download
  • 129 Web of Science
  • 131 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   

Genetic factors contribute for about 70% to 80% and environmental factors for about 20% to 30% to the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Relatives of AITD patients carry a risk to contract AITD themselves. The 5-year risk can be quantified by the so-called Thyroid Events Amsterdam-score, based on serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroid peroxidase (TPO)-antibodies and family history. Subjects at risk may ask what they can do to prevent development of AITD. This review summarizes what is known about modulation of exposure to environmental factors in terms of AITD prevention. To stop smoking decreases the risk on Graves disease but increases the risk on Hashimoto disease. Moderate alcohol intake provides some protection against both Graves and Hashimoto disease. Low selenium intake is associated with a higher prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity, but evidence that selenium supplementation may lower TPO antibodies and prevent subclinical hypothyroidism remains inconclusive. Low serum vitamin D levels are associated with a higher prevalence of TPO antibodies, but intervention studies with extra vitamin D have not been done yet. Stress may provoke Graves hyperthyroidism but not Hashimoto thyroiditis. Estrogen use have been linked to a lower prevalence of Graves disease. The postpartum period is associated with an increased risk of AITD. Taking together, preventive interventions to diminish the risk of AITD are few, not always feasible, and probably of limited efficacy.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Association of IL17A rs4711998 and IL1B rs16944 Polymorphism with Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Serum Level in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: A Case–Control Study in Iranian Population
    Aynaz Asgharvand-Hajeb, Alireza Hatami, Parvin Sarbakhsh, Sima Shahmohammadi Farid
    Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers.2026; 30(1): 25.     CrossRef
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    Joanna Morasiewicz-Jeziorek, Angelika Buczyńska, Adam Jacek Krętowski, Agnieszka Adamska
    Nutrition Reviews.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Ningwei Wang, Yunyi Yang, Jiawen You, Xiaoxiao Qu, Weijin Huang, Yanming He, Hongjie Yang
    Food Science & Nutrition.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Fatemeh Bourbour, Behnam Mahdavi, Niayesh Naghshi, Zahra Yari, Seyedsina Moghimnejad hosseini, Saeid Kalbasi, Golbon Sohrab
    Food Science & Nutrition.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    O.V. Shidlovskyi, I.I. Morozovych
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine).2026; 22(1): 72.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Metformin on Thyroid Function and Autoimmune Antibody in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
    Guangmin Chen, Yanxiang Shao, Qicong Liu, Rui Zhang, Juan Wang, Houdi Zhou, Suraiya Saleem
    International Journal of Endocrinology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Narges Bagherian, Ladan Mehran, Hengameh Abdi, Safdar Masoumi, Maryam Tohidi, Mohammadjavad Honarvar, Atieh Amouzegar, Fereidoun Azizi
    Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Zuzanna Michalska, Julia Maria Kuczkowska, Judyta Bordakiewicz, Michalina Chodór, Maciej Kokoszka, Donata Pokorska, Julia Świechowska, Zuzanna Zarzycka, Ingrid Samberger, Magdalena Wiciak
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    Journal of Inflammation Research.2025; Volume 18: 2823.     CrossRef
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    Lupus.2025; 34(8): 767.     CrossRef
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    Clinical Immunology Communications.2025; 8: 10.     CrossRef
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    科 张
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    Alessandro Brancatella, Nicola Viola, Ferruccio Santini, Francesco Latrofa
    Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2023; 37(2): 101742.     CrossRef
  • Associations between vitamin D levels and dietary patterns in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
    Dean Kaličanin, Maja Cvek, Ana Barić, Veselin Škrabić, Ante Punda, Vesna Boraska Perica
    Frontiers in Nutrition.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE THYROID GLAND
    L. O. Sviatotska
    Bulletin of Problems Biology and Medicine.2023; 1(2): 386.     CrossRef
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    Elif Sibel ASLAN, Savaş GÜR
    Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine.2023; 6(4): 705.     CrossRef
  • Interactions between Polygenetic Variants and Lifestyle Factors in Hypothyroidism: A Hospital-Based Cohort Study
    Da Sol Kim, Sunmin Park
    Nutrients.2023; 15(17): 3850.     CrossRef
  • Do Dietary Supplements Affect Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Status in Adults with Hypothyroidism or Hashimoto’s Disease?—A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials
    Katarzyna Kubiak, Maria Karolina Szmidt, Joanna Kaluza, Agnieszka Zylka, Ewa Sicinska
    Antioxidants.2023; 12(10): 1798.     CrossRef
  • Identification and Preliminary Clinical Validation of Key Extracellular Proteins as the Potential Biomarkers in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis by Comprehensive Analysis
    Zihan Xi, Tinglin Yang, Tao Huang, Jun Zhou, Peng Yang
    Biomedicines.2023; 11(12): 3127.     CrossRef
  • An examination of retinal findings with optical coherence tomography in hypothyroidism patients with vitamin D deficiency: A comparative study
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Original Article
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Helicobacter pylori Stool Antigen Levels and Serological Biomarkers of Gastric Inflammation are Associated with Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Zahra Bahadoran, Parvin Mirmiran, Maryam Zarif-yeaganeh, Homayoun Zojaji, Fereidoun Azizi
Endocrinol Metab. 2015;30(3):280-287.   Published online May 18, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.3.280
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

Helicobacter pylori infection and subsequent gastric inflammation have been proposed as risk factors for the development of insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. In this study we assessed the possible association of H. pylori bacterial load, and serum biomarker of gastric inflammation with cardiometabolic risk factors in diabetic patients.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 84 H. pylori-infected type 2 diabetic patients were assessed for anthropometrics, biochemical and clinical measurements. Pearson correlation test, linear, and logarithmic regression curve estimation models were used to assess the association of H. pylori stool antigen (HpSAg) levels, and pepsinogen I (PGI) to pepsinogen II (PGII) ratio with fasting serum glucose, insulin, serum lipid and lipoprotein parameters, malondialdehyde, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body weight, waist circumference and lipid accumulation product (LAP) index.

Results

The mean age of participants was 54±10 years, and 44% were men. Mean HpSAg levels and PGI/PGII ratio were 0.24±0.23 µg/mL and 9.9±9.0, respectively. Higher HpSAg as well as lower PGI/PGII was correlated with higher anthropometric measures and LAP. A significant negative correlation between PGI/PGII ratio and blood pressure (r=-0.21 and r=-0.22, systolic and diastolic, respectively, P<0.05), serum insulin (r=-0.17, P=0.05), and hs-CRP (r=-0.17, P=0.05) was observed. A significant linear association between PGI/PGII ratio with serum triglycerides (β=-0.24, P<0.05), serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; β=0.43, P<0.01), and triglycerides/HDL-C ratio (β=-0.28, P<0.05) were observed.

Conclusion

Higher H. pylori bacterial load and lower PGI/PGII ratio was associated with higher levels of cardiometabolic risk factors in H. pylori infected type 2 diabetic patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
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