Fig. 1Comparison of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index (A) and soluble cluster determinant 36 (sCD36) index (B) according to glucose tolerance. (A) TyG index was significantly increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and prediabetes. (B) sCD36 index was significantly increased in T2DM compared with NGT and prediabetes. Differences were analyzed by analysis of variance, followed by Tukey test, aP<0.05 for trends; bP<0.05 for post hoc analysis vs. NGT.
Fig. 2Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and soluble cluster determinant 36 (sCD36) index in the identification of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The area under the ROC curve for each index is in parentheses.
Table 1Clinical Characteristics of the Subjects
Characteristic |
NGT (n=34) |
Prediabetes (n=46) |
T2DM (n=75) |
P value |
Age, yr |
51.9±9.8 |
55.5±10.3 |
56.3±9.6 |
NS |
Male sex, % |
55.9 |
65.2 |
53.3 |
NS |
Height, cm |
164.1±9.8 |
163.5±8.9 |
162.8±8.7 |
NS |
Weight, kg |
63.2±9.8 |
65.8±11.1 |
64.5±11.7 |
NS |
BMI, kg/m2
|
23.6±2.7 |
24.8±2.5 |
24.3±3.8 |
NS |
Waist circumference, cm |
80.29±7.78 |
82.46±7.10 |
87.00±8.50 |
0.017 |
SBP, mm Hg |
123.4±13.3. |
127.0±13.5 |
131.5±16.1 |
0.026 |
DBP, mm Hg |
75.3±10.0 |
77.4±8.6 |
80.6±11.7 |
0.032 |
Hypertension, % |
11.8 |
28.3 |
53.3 |
<0.001 |
Smoking |
7 (20.6) |
8 (17.4) |
20 (26.7) |
NS |
Alcohol |
20 (58.8) |
24 (52.2) |
27 (36.0) |
0.022 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL |
195.7±40.6 |
206.4±41.8 |
189.9±41.3 |
NS |
Triglyceride, mg/dL |
83.9±51.5 |
127.0±78.0 |
153.9±112.0 |
0.001 |
HDL-C, mg/dL |
57.2±13.5 |
49.6±10.1 |
48.9±16.0 |
0.013 |
hs-CRP, mg/dL |
0.34±1.34 |
0.16±0.27 |
1.33±4.50 |
NS |
FPG, mg/dL |
92.1±10.3 |
100.7±21.4 |
179.8±85.1 |
<0.001 |
HbA1c, % |
5.4±0.2 |
5.9±0.2 |
9.4±2.4 |
<0.001 |
Insulin, µU/L |
6.6±3.0 |
6.9±2.6 |
11.0±11.7 |
0.008 |
HOMA-IR |
1.5±0.8 |
1.7±0.8 |
5.1±6.3 |
<0.001 |
HOMA-B |
91.6±59.3 |
87.5±77.1 |
61.0±83.8 |
NS |
sCD36, pg/mL |
39.5±15.1 |
73.8±50.7 |
205.9±83.7 |
<0.001 |
TyG index |
8.1±0.6 |
8.6±0.58 |
9.23±0.9 |
<0.001 |
sCD36 index |
7.5±0.3 |
8.0±0.6 |
9.6±0.9 |
<0.001 |
Table 2Correlations between TyG Index and sCD36 Index and Parameters in All Study Subjects
Parameter |
Coefficient of correlation (r) |
TyG index |
sCD36 index |
BMI, kg/m2
|
0.101 |
–0.017 |
Waist circumference, cm |
0.274a
|
0.345b
|
Fasting glucose, mg/dL |
0.820b
|
0.791b
|
Fasting insulin, µU/L |
0.225a
|
0.224a
|
Total cholesterol, mg/dL |
0.266a
|
0.015 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL |
0.862b
|
0.533b
|
HDL-C, mg/dL |
–0.389b
|
–0.236a
|
hs-CRP, mg/dL |
0.119 |
0.320b
|
HbA1c, % |
0.454b
|
0.765b
|
HOMA-IR |
0.498b
|
0.450b
|
HOMA-B |
–0.309b
|
–0.317b
|
Table 3OR for TyG Index, sCD36, and sCD36 Index on the Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
|
Crude |
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
OR (95% CI) |
P value |
OR (95% CI) |
P value |
OR (95% CI) |
P value |
TyG index |
3.80 (2.29–6.30) |
<0.001 |
4.12 (2.33–7.28) |
<0.001 |
2.93 (0.88–9.75) |
0.080 |
sCD36 |
1.03 (1.02–1.04) |
<0.001 |
1.03 (1.02–1.04) |
<0.001 |
1.02 (1.00–1.03) |
0.012 |
sCD36 index |
13.00 (6.06–27.92) |
<0.001 |
12.91 (5.82–28.59) |
<0.001 |
4.56 (1.45–14.34) |
0.009 |